The document traces the evolution of telecommunication systems from 1G to 4G networks. It discusses the development of early communication technologies like the telegraph in the 1800s. In the late 1960s, ARPANET was developed and introduced key protocols like TCP/IP that the modern Internet relies on. Each generation of cellular networks is then summarized - 1G provided analog voice calls; 2G introduced digital networks and SMS; 3G enabled mobile Internet and new applications; and 4G aimed to support high data traffic and reduce latency with new technologies like OFDMA. The conclusion discusses challenges like improving coverage and potential future directions such as cognitive radio and mesh networks.

1. The Evolution of
telecommunication
systems
Realized by
NASSIRI Otman

2. Plane
• Introduction ………………………………………………….3
• History ………………………………………………………..5
• What’s physical layer? ……………………………………...7
• From 1G to 4G , a huge evolution …………………………9
• Conclusion …………………………………………………..18
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3. Radio systemes
• ARPANET development centered around the Request for Comment process and on 7 April
1969, RFC 1 was published. This process is important because ARPANET eventually merged
with other networks to form the Internet and many of the protocols the Internet relies upon today
were specified through the Request for Comment process. In September 1981, RFC
791 introduced the Internet Protocol v4 (IPv4) and RFC 793 introduced the Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) — thus creating the TCP/IP protocol that much of the Internet relies upon today.
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4. Radio preparation 1918 Bushr 1982first radio postes 1920
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5. History
•Claude Chappe 1763
•Graham Bell 1876
•Maxwell et Hertz 1870
•Marconi 1894
•Analogic network 1978
•GSM- UMTS/3G-4G

6. 6

7. 7

8. Physical layer: Presentation
• OSI structure
• Transmission role
• All types of telecommunication’s network
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9. Frome 1G to 4G
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10. La 2G: Présentation et évolution
• 2G ou 2e generation Mobile after the 1G
• Telephones that transmit only voice et SMS
• Protocols : CDMA, TDMA et GSM
• Le GSM: point de départ avec 9.6kb/s
• Evolution to 2.5G and GPRS
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11. From 2.5G to the 3G
• Le GPRS : General Packet Radio Service
• Transfert of data: debit 40kb/s
• First steps into mobile internet
• L’EDGE (enhanced Data rates for Gsm Evolution)
• A theory of a high debit: 384kb/s
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12. La 3G: A huge step of telecoms
• représented by UMTS et CDMA 2000
• New transfer technologies of voice and data
• 10Mb/s as a debit of reception et 5Mb/s in case of emission
• First applications: internet, visiophone, video
• HSPA: evolution de UMTS
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13. Why la 4G?
• Who was really in nedd of the 4G, the consumer or the operator?
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14. • The answer is: the IP traffic
• A very big evolution of data traffic
 Gap growth between income and investment
 Mobile phone data
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15. Caractéristics of the 4G
• Debit
• Interactivity: reduction of latency
• Automatic Optimisation of operators’ networks
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16. What’s new?
• OFDM (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing)
• WiMax is using OFDMA in the downlink and in the uplink. For the LTE
(telecommunication), OFDMA is used for the downlink; by contrast, Single-carrier
FDMA is used for the uplink since OFDMA contributes more to the PAPR related
issues and results in nonlinear operation of amplifiers. IFDMA provides less
power fluctuation and thus requires energy-inefficient linear amplifiers. Similarly,
MC-CDMA is in the proposal for the IEEE 802.20 standard. These access schemes
offer the same efficiencies as older technologies like CDMA. Apart from this,
scalability and higher data rates can be achieved.
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17. Frequency Ranges
• Exploitation des largeurs de bande 1.4,10,15 Mhz
• Physical layers (PDSCH, PBCH,etc)
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18. Conclusion
• A major issue in 4G systems is to make the high bit rates available in a
larger portion of the cell, especially to users in an exposed position in
between several base stations. In current research, this issue is addressed
by macro-diversity techniques, also known as group cooperative relay, and
also by Beam-Division Multiple Access (BDMA).
• Pervasive networks are an amorphous and at present entirely hypothetical
concept where the user can be simultaneously connected to several
wireless access technologies and can seamlessly move between them
(See vertical handoff, IEEE 802.21). These access technologies can be Wi-
Fi, UMTS, EDGE, or any other future access technology. Included in this
concept is also smart-radio (also known as cognitive radio) technology to
efficiently manage spectrum use and transmission power as well as the use
of mesh routing protocols to create a pervasive network.
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19. Plane
• Introduction
• History
• What’s physical layer?
• From 1G to 4G , a huge evolution
• Conclusion
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20. Otman NASSIRI
EMSE/INPT Student
http://fr.slideshare.net/otmannassiri
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