The document discusses several internet protocols including the Internet Protocol (IP) which defines how data is sent between computers, Ethernet which describes how networked devices can format and transmit data on the same network, and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which establishes and maintains network conversations for exchanging data between application programs. It also summarizes the Domain Name System (DNS) which maps domain names to IP addresses, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) which is used to establish low latency connections, File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for transferring files between client and server, and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) which automatically provides hosts with IP addresses and configuration information.

1. Muhammad Usman Qadri
Lec-4
Department of computer science
GIRS

2. Internet Protocol (IP)
The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by
which data is sent from one computer to another on
the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the
Internet has at least one IP address that uniquely identifies
it from all other computers on the Internet.

3. Popular LAN Protocols
There are many LAN protocols in use today. Some of the
more common ones are Ethernet, Asynchronous Transfer
Mode (ATM), Token Ring and Fiber Distributed Data
Interface (FDDI).

4. Ethernet Protocol
Ethernet is the most widely installed local area network (LAN)
technology. Ethernet is a link layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack,
describing how networked devices can format data for
transmission to other network devices on the same network
segment, and how to put that data out on the network
connection.

6. Transmission Control Protocol
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a standard that defines
how to establish and maintain a network conversation via
which application programs can exchange data. TCP works with
the Internet Protocol (IP), which defines how computers
send packets of data to each other. Together, TCP and IP are the
basic rules defining the Internet.

8. Domain Name System
The domain name system (DNS) maps internet domain names to
the internet protocol (IP) network addresses they represent and
enables websites to use names, rather than difficult-to-
remember IP addresses.

10. User Datagram Protocol
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is an alternative communications
protocol to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) used primarily
(mainly) for establishing low-latency (the delay before a transfer
of data begins following an instruction for its transfer.) and loss
tolerating connections between applications on the Internet.
Both UDP and TCP run on top of the Internet Protocol (IP) and
are sometimes referred to as UDP/IP or TCP/IP.

12. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network
protocol used to transfer computer files between a client and
server on a computer network. FTP is built on a client-server
model architecture and uses separate control and data
connections between the client and the server.

14. Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a
client/server protocol that automatically provides an
Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other related
configuration information such as the subnet mask and default
gateway.