The document provides an overview of the key features and enhancements of 5G NR, including its technical specifications, timeline, and use cases. It highlights critical aspects such as flexibility in numerology, beam management for millimeter waves, and the introduction of massive MIMO technology. Additionally, it details the enhancements and ongoing phases of 5G development as outlined by 3GPP standards.

1. Yinan Qi
Samsung Electronics R&D Institute UK, Staines, Middlesex TW18 4QE, UK
5G NR: Key Features and Enhancements
An overview of 5G NR key technical features and enhancements
for massive MIMO, mmWave, etc.
18th September, CW TEC 2018 - The
inevitable automation of Next Generation
Networks

2. ▪ 5G NR Phase I overview: timeline, spectrum and use cases.
▪ Key features and enhancements
▪ Flexibility
o Numerology
o Frame structure
▪ Millimetre wave
o Beam management
o Massive MIMO
o Phase tracking
▪ UE specific design
o Bandwidth part (BWP)
o Reference signal design
▪ 5G NR Phase II overview: SID/WID, enhancements, etc.
Outline
| 2

3. ▪ Much faster than 4G: 48 months
→ 27 months
▪ 5G NR timeline
▪ 3GPP Rel-14: focuses on 4G LTE
upgrades but a starting point for
5G NR phase I
▪ 3GPP Rel-15: dedicated to
building the world’s first global 5G
standards
▪ 3GPP Rel-16: maintenance of 5G
NR phase I features and phase II
enhancements
5G NR Phase I: Timeline
| 3

4. ▪ A wide range of frequency bands:
both below and above 6 GHz
▪ Below 6 GHZ: 2.5 and 3.5 GHz with
wider bandwidth
▪ Above 6 GHz (millimetre wave):
ultra-high frequency bands like
28GHz and 39GHz are required for
5G standards to provide high speed
data transmission.
▪ Each country has its own rules and
allocation policies: bands ranging
from a few hundred MHz to 1GHz.
▪ Licensed/Shared/Unlicensed bands.
5G NR Phase I: Spectrum
| 4

5. ▪ Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB):
exceptionally fast data speeds
▪ Ultra Reliable and Low Latency
Communications (URLLC): real-time services
that require extremely low latency and
prompt responses
▪ Massive Machine-Type Communications
(mMTC): million homes and industrial IoT
devices within 1 km2 can be connected
5G NR Phase I: Use Cases
| 5
▪ HD video: more than 40 times faster
downloading speed
▪ Autonomous vehicles: emergency brake
distance reduced 2.8 cm
▪ IoT devices: 100,000 → 1,000,000

6. ▪ Scalable numerology
▪ Numerology parameters:
▪ Subcarrier Spacing
o 15 kHz to 60 kHz for below 6 GHz
o 60 kHz to 120 kHz for above 6 GHz
o 240 kHz for synchronization
▪ Cyclic Prefix
o 60 kHz can be configured with extended CP
▪ Larger subcarrier spacing for above 6 GHz
▪ Latency: shorter symbol duration
▪ ICI: phase noise
▪ Support multiplexing of different
numerologies
5G NR Flexibility: Numerology
| 6
[kHz]152 = 
f

7. ▪ Length of one radio frame is fixed to 10ms and
the length of 1 subframe is fixed to 1ms.
▪ Different Numerologies will be then translated
in the number of slots per sub-frame: higher
the Subcarrier spacing → higher the number
of slots per sub-Frame.
▪ Slot: 14 OFDM symbols
▪ 15 kHz: 1 slot per subframe
▪ 30 kHz: 2 slots per subframe
▪ 60 kHz: 4 slots per subframe
▪ 120 kHz: 8 slots per subframe
▪ Two slot configurations:
▪ Slot configuration 0: 14 OFDM symbols, applied
to all numerologies
▪ Slot configuration 1: containing 7, 4 or 2 OFDM
symbols, applied only for certain numerologies.
5G NR Flexibility: Frame Structure
| 7
1 Slot, 14 Symbols, Slot duration 1 ms15 kHz
1 Slot, 14 Symbols, Slot duration 0.5
ms
30 kHz
1 Slot, 14 Symbols,
Slot duration 0.25 ms60 kHz
1 Slot, 14
Symbols, Slot
duration 0.125
ms
120 kHz
Subframe (1ms)

8. ▪ High frequency bands: small coverage and low penetration rate.
▪ Beamforming
▪ Strong concentrated signals in one particular direction
▪ Enables mmWave frequencies to travel far with less interference from other signals.
▪ More the antenna elements → sharper the beam shape → concentrated energy.
5G NR Millimetre Wave: Beamforming
| 8

9. ▪ A significant challenge: beam paring
between the base stations and UEs,
especially for fast-moving UEs
▪ Beam management
▪ Objective: establish and retain a suitable
beam pair, i.e., beam direction of the
transmitter and beam direction of the
receiver jointly aligned
▪ DL BM as focus of Rel-15
o P-1 : Beam Selection for TRP Tx/UE Rx.
o P-2 : Beam Reselection(Beam Change) for
TRP Tx beam.
o P-3 : Beam Reselection(Beam Change) for
UE Rx beam.
▪ UL BM: U1/2/3
5G NR Millimetre Wave: Beam Management
| 9

10. ▪ General procedure
▪ Beam measurement: RSRP
▪ Beam reporting
▪ Initial beam establishment
▪ A beam pair is initially established in the DL and UL
transmission directions.
▪ Beam sweeping: associate synchronization signal with
different beams
▪ Wider beam/coverage
▪ Beam adjustment
▪ After initial beam pair establishment
▪ Re-evaluate the beam pair due to movements/rotations
▪ Refinement of the beam shape using CSI-RS for data
transmission → narrow beam
5G NR Millimetre Wave: Beam Management
| 10
Beam sweeping
Beam adjustment

11. ▪ From 2/4/8 to massive number of
antennas, e.g., 256 or 1024
▪ mmWave antennas with smaller antenna
size
▪ Main benefits
▪ Capacity gains
▪ Spectral efficiency
▪ Energy efficiency
▪ Support up to 8 layers for SU-MIMO and
up to 12 layers for MU-MIMO
▪ More accurate CSI feedback: type I and
type II CSI
▪ UL supports both CB and NCB
5G NR Massive MIMO

12. ▪ Type I CSI: Different codebooks assuming different
antenna configurations.
▪ Type I single-panel CSI
o Single panel with N1×N2 cross-polarized antenna elements
o Precoding matrix can be expressed as the production of
long-term frequency-independent precoding matrix and
short-term frequency-dependent precoding matrix
▪ Type I multi-panel CSI
o Same principle but long-term frequency-independent
precoding matrix can reflect beam per panel
▪ Type II CSI
▪ CSI with significantly higher spatial granularity
▪ Target MU-MIMO
5G NR Massive MIMO: CSI

13. ▪ mmWave devices and network access points suffer from severe phase noise mainly due to
the mismatch of transmitter and receiver frequency oscillators.
▪ Worse with higher frequency
▪ Phase noise causes ICI and CPE
5G NR Millimetre Wave: Phase Noise

14. ▪ New reference signal: Phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS)
▪ There is a trade-off between phase tracking accuracy and signaling overhead.
▪ If the density of PT-RS is high, phase tracking accuracy is high and CPE can be better compensated to achieve better performance.
▪ However, higher PT-RS density also means larger signaling overhead.
▪ PT-RS density in the time domain: a function of modulation order.
▪ PT-RS density in the frequency domain: a function of BW.
5G NR Millimetre Wave: PT-RS

15. ▪ BWP
▪ A group of contiguous PRBs
▪ Each BWP has its own numerology
▪ Multiple BWPs can be configured to a single
UE but only one can be active at one time
▪ Use cases
▪ Smaller UE BW capacity
▪ Reduced UE energy
▪ FDM of multiple numerology
▪ Non-contiguous spectrum
▪ Forward compatability
5G NR UE Specific Design: Bandwidth Part
Carrier
BWP
Carrier
BWP
Carrier
BWP
Carrier
BWP
Carrier
BWP
?

16. ▪ LTE
▪ Synchronization: SS
▪ Demodulation: DMRS
▪ Channel estimation:
o Cell specific RS: always on
o CSI-RS: UE specific RS
o SRS: UL
▪ 5G NR
▪ Synchronization: SS
▪ Demodulation: front-loaded DMRS
▪ Phase tracking
o PT-RS
▪ Channel estimation
o CSI-RS
▪ Fine time and frequency tracking
o TRS: one port CSI-RS
5G NR UE Specific Design: Referene Signals

17. ▪ DMRS
▪ Front loaded
▪ Two different DMRS patterns
▪ Additional DMRS symbols can be configured
▪ CSI-RS
▪ X-port CSI-RS REs span N adjacent/non-adjacent OFDM symbols
▪ Three types of component CSI-RS RE patterns are supported:
o (Y,Z) ∈ {(2,1), (2,2), (4,1)}
o A component CSI-RS RE pattern is defined within a single PRB as Y adjacent REs in the frequency domain and Z
adjacent REs in the time domain
▪ Three types of CDM patterns are supported:
o FD-CDM2, CDM4 (FD2, TD2), CDM8 (FD2, TD4)
5G NR UE Specific Design: Referene Signals
Adjacent/non-adjacent

18. ▪ Enhancements of
phase I
▪ MIMO MIMO
▪ DC and CA
▪ Mobility
▪ 5G NR Phase II
SID/WID
5G NR Phase II
| 18
WID Title WI/SI WG
Completion
date
RP-181453 New WID: NR MIMO enhancements WI R1 Dec 2019
RP-181480 New SID: NR V2X SI R1 Mar 2019
RP-181399 New SID: Study on NR positioning support SI R1 Mar 2019
RP-181430 New SID: Study on remote interference management for NR SI R1 Dec 2018
RP-181431 New WID: Cross Link Interference (CLI) handling and Remote Interference Management
(RIM) for NR
WI R1 Mar 2019
RP-181463 New SID: NR Power Consumption WI R1 Jun 2019
RP-181370 New SID: Solutions for NR to support Non Terrestrial Networks SI R1 Dec 2019
RP 181477 New SID: NR URLLC Enhancements SI R1 Mar 2019
RP-181479 New SID: NR support for Industrial IOT SI R2 Dec 2018
RP-181459 New SID: Optimisations on UE radio capability signalling - NR/E-UTRA SI R2 Mar 2019
RP-181469 New WID: DC and CA enhancements WI R2 Dec 2019
RP-181433 New WID: NR mobility enhancements WI R2 Dec 2019
RP-181456 New SID: RAN-centric Data Collection and Utilization SI R3 Jun 2019
RP-181467 New SID: 2Rx requirements for vehicle mounted NR UE SI R4 Dec 2018
RP-181402 New SID: Radiated test methodology for the verification of multi-antenna reception
performance of NR UEs
SI R4 Dec 2019
RP-181435 New SID: NR design above 52.6GHz SI RAN Sep 2019

19. Thank you for your attention
Questions?