1) The document discusses the evolution of wireless communication technology through 4 generations (1G to 4G). 2G introduced digital networks and SMS, while 3G promised faster internet speeds. 4G will provide fully integrated IP services for voice, data and multimedia on an "anytime, anywhere" basis at speeds over 100Mbps. 2) 4G technologies include MIMO antennas, IPv6, VoIP, OFDM and software defined radio to support high speeds, quality of service and a variety of standards. 4G will allow for interactive multimedia, global access and seamless switching between networks. 3) India hopes to launch 4G networks using TD-LTE technology, which could provide speeds over 100

1. Prepared By
Gagandeep Singh

2.  First Generation ( 1G )
-> Analog
-> Simplest type to wireless data
-> Average rate between 4800 to 9600 bps
-> Based on FDMA
Generations In Wireless
Communication

3.  Second Generation ( 2G )
-> Digital
-> GSM (Global system for mobile communication)
-> Based on TDMA
-> Going all-digital allowed for the introduction of digital
data transfer
- SMS - “short message service”
- E-mail
-> 2.5G networks, such as GPRS (Global Packet Radio
Service)
Generations In Wireless
Communication

4.  Third Generation ( 3G )
-> Promise faster communications services
(Including voice, fax and Internet)
-> Increased spectrum efficiency
-> Based on CDMA & TD-SCDMA
-> Supports 144 Kbps bandwidth, with high speed
movement (e.g. vehicles), 384 Kbps (e.g. on campus) & 2
Mbps for stationary (e.g.in building )
-> 3G systems are referred to as Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS) in Europe and
International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT2000)
worldwide.
Generations In Wireless
Communication

5. Generations In Wireless
Communication

6. Technology 1G 2G 3G 4G
Service
Analog voice,
Synchronous
data to 9.6
Kbps.
Digital voice,
SMS
Higher capacity,
broad band data
Up to 2 Mbps.
Higher capacity,
completely IP
oriented, multimedia,
data to hundreds of
megabits
Data
bandwidth
1.0 Kbps 14.4 Kbps 2 Mbps 100 + Mbps
Multiplexing FDMA TDMA CDMA OFDM

7. Introduction To 4G
-> Known as Beyond 3G / Fourth Generation Technology
-> MAGIC
- Mobile multimedia
- Anytime anywhere
- Global mobility support
- Integrated wireless solution
- Customized personal service
-> A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where
voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an
"Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at higher data rates than previous
generations.
-> 4G : Convergence of High Speed Internet & Mobility
-> 3GPP is currently standardizing LTE Advanced as future 4G standard.
LTE Advanced will be standardized as part of the Release 10 of the
3GPP specification this year.

8. 4G Architecture

9. Features
• Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video,
Internet, and other broadband services
• Fully IP based mobile system
• High speed, high capacity, and low cost‐per‐bit
• Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services
• Seamless switching, and a variety of Quality of Service
• Better scheduling and call‐admission‐control techniques
• Ad‐hoc and multi‐hop networks
• Better spectral efficiency
• Seamless network of multiple protocols and air interfaces (since
4G will be all‐IP, 4G systems to be compatible with all common
network technologies, including 802.11, WCDMA, Bluetooth,
and Hyper LAN).
• Interoperability with existing wireless standards
• An all IP, packet switched network

10. Technologies Used
 Smart Antenas for Multiple-input and
multiple-output (MIMO)
 IPv6
 VoIP
 OFDM
 Software Defined Radio (SDR) System

11.  Smart Antennas
• Beam radio signals directly at a user to follow the
user as they move
• Allow the same radio frequency to be used for other
users without worry of interference
• Can’t keep up transmission speeds while device is
moving fast (i.e. in a car)
- Only 32Mb/s at 62mph (vs100Mb/s)

13.  IPv6
-> IPv6 support is essential in order to support a
large number of wireless-enabled devices.
-> By increasing the number of IP addresses, IPv6
removes the need for Network Address
Translation (NAT), a method of sharing a limited
number of addresses among a larger group of
devices, although NAT will still be required to
communicate with devices that are on existing
IPv4 networks.

14. IPv6
-> Mobile IPv6 have been proposed to reduce the
handoff Mobile latency and the number of lost
packets.
-> The field “Traffic Class” and “Flow Label” in IPv6
header enables the routers to secure the special QoS
for packet series with marked priority.

15.  Software-Defined Radio (SDR)
-> SDR is one form of open wireless architecture
(OWA).
-> Since 4G is a collection of wireless standards, the
final form of a 4G device will constitute various
standards. This can be efficiently realized using SDR
technology, which is categorized to the area of the
radio convergence.

16.  Mobile VoIP
• “Voice Over Internet Protocol”
• Allows only packets (IP) to be transferred eliminating
complexity of 2 protocols over the same circuit
• All voice data will be wrapped up in a packet
- Lower latency data transmission (faster transmission)
• Increases battery life due to greater data compression

17. OFDM
• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
• Allows for transfer of more data than other forms of
multiplexing (time, frequency, code, etc)
• Simplifies the design of the transmitter & receiver
• Allows for use of almost the entire frequency band
-No gaps to prevent interference needed
• Currently used in WiMax(802.16) and WiFi(802.11a/g)
• The frequencies are spaced so that the signals do not
interfere with each other (no cross talk)
• Parallel Data Transmission
-Allows for the sending of multiple signals simultaneously
from the same antenna (or wire) to one device

18. 18
Design Objectives
 New service platform
 Rapid deployment of new services
 Easy development of new services
 Seamless connection and handoff between
heterogeneous access system
 Information bit rate: 100Mbps (peak rate in mobile
environment) and 1Gbps (peak rate in indoor
environment)
 System capacity: 10 times that of 3G
 Cost: 1/10 to 1/100 per bit
 Base station network: all IP
 Transmission delay time: 50 ms or less

19. 19
Applications
 Virtual Presence: This means that 4G provides user
services at all times, even if the user is off-site.
 Virtual Navigation: 4G provides users with virtual
navigation through which a user can access a
database of the streets, buildings etc.
 Tele-Geo processing Applications: This is a
combination of GIS (Geographical Information
System) and GPS (Global Positioning System) in
which a user can get the location by querying.

20. 20
Applications
 Tele-Medicine and Education: 4G will support
remote health monitoring of patients. For people
who are interested in life long education, 4G
provides a good opportunity.
 Crisis management: Natural disasters can cause
break down in communication systems. In today’s
world it might take days or 7 weeks to restore the
system. But in 4G it is expected to restore such
crisis issues in a few hours.

21. 4G In India
 In India, the government hopes to raise around $9 billion from the 3G and
BWA auctions, foreign telephone-companies are eager to unfurl a new
technology — TD-LTE —which is akin to 4G technology.
 US-based Qualcomm and Sweden's Ericson aim on TD-LTE, hoping that it
will help them to gain market in India, the world's fastest growing mobile
market. Qualcomm is to participate in the broadband wireless access (BWA)
spectrum auction. If it does secure its bid in the auction, India could well
become the first country after China to roll out TD-LTE.
 TD-LTE, or Time Division Long Term Evolution, caters to peak download
speeds of 100 Mbps on mobile phones, compared to the 20 Mbps for 3G
and 40 Mbps for WiMax. LTE brings to the table additional spectrum, more
capacity, lower cost, and is essential to take mobile broadband to the mass
market.
 Airtel has launched 4G in four metropolitan cities of India (Kolkata,
Bengaluru, Pune and Chandigarh).
 Further Airtel is planning to launch 4G in rest states of India by December
2013

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CONCLUSION
 As the history of mobile communications shows,
attempts have been made to reduce a number of
technologies to a single global standard.
 4G seems to be a very promising generation of
wireless communication that will change the
people’s life in the wireless world.
 4G has brought an evolution in the world and the
world is looking forward to the most intelligent
technology that would connect the entire globe.