VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) is a small satellite dish capable of both receiving and sending satellite signals. It allows for broadcast and interactive applications like data, voice, and video over vast distances. VSAT systems became viable as transmit power and frequencies increased, allowing for smaller dish sizes. VSAT networks provide flexible, rapid deployment and scalability for remote locations compared to terrestrial alternatives. Common applications include banking, retail, communications, and internet access.

1. VSAT
[VERY SMALL APERTURE ANTENNA]

2.  VIJAY KUMAR SHAH –0801EC163D17
 RAVI NAMDEV- 0801EC163D12
 KARSINGH DAWAR- 0801EC163D08

3. WHAT IS VSAT?
VSAT stands for Very Small Aperture Terminal. It is a
small satellite dish that is capable of both receiving and
sending satellite signals. VSAT systems can be designed
to serve both broadcast and interactive applications
whether data, voice or video, which are now being
served by terrestrial lines

4. WHY VSAT ?
• Earth Stations in commercial systems were very large
and expensive (30 m).
• Need to make system more affordable to end user:
• Increased transmit power from satellite.
• Higher frequencies
• Result:Smaller ES antenna size required

5. • The dish is small, easily transportable and installation
leadtime is much shorter if compared to terrestrial links. In
addition, VSAT network allows rapid, low-cost network
reconfiguration and expansion to meet new or unexpected
business requirements.
VSAT 75 cm to 1.2 m
Data rates 4 kbit/s up to 4 Mbit/s sometimes up to a max
downlink of up to 16 Mbit/s with some upgraded modules
and enhancements
.

6. • Cost effective transmission and network operations are
made possible by use of the C band satellite frequency and
frequency times division multiple access (FTDMA),
Frequency division multiple access (FDMA) or Time division
multiple access (TDMA) transmission techniques.
• VSAT offers a wide of protocols and features, providing
extraordinary flexibility and virtually unlimited expansion
capabilities. In addition, VSAT network is typically
engineered to achieve a minimum of 99.7% end to end
availability for all locations

7. OBJECTIVE OF VSAT SYSTEMS
bring the service directly to the enduser
Major reasons for doing this:
• Reduce hierarchical distribution network (make more efficient and
faster)
• Reduce distribution costs

9. IMPLEMENTATION
• There are several ways VSAT services might be
implemented OneWay(e.g. TV Broadcasting satellites)
• SplitTwoWay (Split IP) Implementation(return link from
user is not via the satellite; e.g. DirecTV)
• Two Way Implementation(upand downlink)

10. VSAT IMPLEMENTATION
• There are basically two ways to implement a VSAT
Architecture
• STAR
VSATs are linked via a HUB
• MESH
VSATs are linked together without going through a
large hub

15. •The VSAT Outdoor Unit (ODU) is located where it will have a clear
line of sight to the satellite and is free from casual blockage by people
and/or equipment moving in front of it. It includes the Radio
Frequency Trasceiver(RFT).
•The Inter Facility Link (IFL) carries the electronic signal between the
ODU and the Indoor Unit (IDU) as well as power cables for the ODU
and control signals from the IDU.
•The IDU is normally housed in a desktop computer at the User’s
workstation and consists of the baseband processor units and
interface equipment (e.g. computer screen and keyboard). The IDU
will also house the modem andmultiplexer/demultilexer(mux/demux)
units if these are not already housed in the ODU.

16. TYPICAL VSAT OUTDOOR UNIT

21. APPLICATIONS:-
VSAT is an ideal satellite network that provides
communications support for a wide range of applications:
-Point of sales transactionOrder
-Entry Billing,Inventory Control
-Financial Management
-Data processing
-Reservation System,Telemetry & Data Collection
-News Wire Services
-Private Line Voice
-Virtual Private Networks
-Distance Education
-High Speed Internet Access

22. ADVANTAGES OF VSAT
• Access in Remote Locations
• Internet Access
• Rapid deployment
• VPN
• Qos
• Mobile Access
• Bandwidth Allocation
• Scalable

23. • Cost
• Standards based
• Reliable
• Backup to Terrestrial Networks
• Interoperation with Terrestrial Networks
• Single Hop
• Bandwidth on Demand
• Cost per connection is independent of the location/
• distance

24. Limitations of VSAT technology
• Like any other technology, VSAT has its limitations too. Some of them
include theextremely high initial costneeded for building and
launching satellites in the Geo-Synchronous orbit, higher initial cost
andrecurring monthly costsfor terminal equipmentsneeded for
providing Internet over broadband when compared to terrestrial DSL
networks,Bit Error Rateis common for satellite based
technologies,Rain Attenuationmight affect the performance of VSAT
communications under rainy conditions,

25. • latencies(>200 ms) are still higher than their terrestrial
equivalent technologies (<100 ms),careful directionof
subscriber side terminals and dish antennas are critical
for proper working,trainedman poweris required for
installation and
maintenance,othercompetitivetechnologies(Internet
Leased Lines, 3G/HSDPA/4G Cellular technologies etc)
offer much higher bandwidth at a lower cost than what
is possible by VSAT based networks, the antennas need
to befixed outsidethe offices or homes hence making
them susceptible to damage or theft, the cost ofVSAT
modulesfor Network Routers/ Video Conferencing
systems are quite high, etc