The document outlines the evolution of telecommunication technologies from 0G to 4G, detailing key developments in wireless communication from 1895 to the present. It discusses various generations, including 1G for analog voice, 2G for digital voice, and advancements in 3G and 4G technologies, highlighting differences in data rates and technical specifications. It also mentions deployment challenges faced in different countries, particularly regarding the implementation of 3G services in India.

1. Evolution of Telecommunication Rohan Sripad Prasanna Raghavan P

2. 0G 1G technologies 2G technologies Circuit and Packet Switching. 3GPP & 3GPP2 Services offered by 3G Deployment Problems 3G in India & its delay 4G Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G

3. 0G 1G technologies 2G technologies Circuit and Packet Switching. 3GPP & 3GPP2 Services offered by 3G Deployment Problems 3G in India & its delay 4G Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G

4. 0G 1G technologies 2G technologies Circuit and Packet Switching. 3GPP & 3GPP2 Services offered by 3G Deployment Problems 3G in India & its delay 4G Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G

5. ORIGIN of Wireless Communication 1895-1901 Guglielmo Marconi Demonstrates wireless communications over increasing distances 1864 James Maxwell Predicts existence of radio waves. 1886 Rudolph Hertz Demonstrates radio waves.

6. 0G 1924

7. 1G AMPS TACS NMT 1980s Analog Voice Typical 2.4 Kbps

8. 1G Advanced Mobile Phone Services (AMPS) Deployed in US , Japan : 1983 Nordic Mobile Telephony (NMT) Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland : 1981 Total Access Communication System (TACS) British System, similar to AMPS : 1985

9. 2G GSM CDMA TDMA 1990s Digital Voice 9.6 - 14.4 Kbps (circuit data)

10. 2G – GSM Global system for Mobile Based on TDMA ; Europe 900 Mhz, 1800 Mhz. Later 850 Mhz and 1900 Mhz in Americas Quad Band ; World Phones

11. 2G - CDMA Code Division Multiple Access cdmaOne or IS-95 All users use same freq band ; 800 Mhz Major success in Korea, Used by Verizon and Sprint Easy Migration to 3G

13. Circuit Switching A private road all for yourself Dedicated end to end connection

14. Packet Switching Divided packets can take different paths and times A shared highway

15. 3GPP GPRS EDGE LTE WCDMA HSPA 1.92 Mbps 14 Mbps 384 Kbps 114 Kbps 100 Mbps

16. 3GPP2 1xRTT EV-DO UMB (abandoned 2008 Nov & favoring LTE) 114 Kbps 2.4 Mbps 288 Mbps

17. 0G 1G technologies 2G technologies Circuit and Packet Switching. 3GPP & 3GPP2 Services offered by 3G Deployment Problems 3G in India & its delay 4G Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G

18. 2.5G GPRS 2001 Packet Data

19. 2.5G - GPRS General Packet Radio Service - An Overlay technology on top of the existing GSM systems. Data rate = 56 – 114Kbps. 4 MCS (Modulation and coding schemes) used. Factors affecting downlink/uplink speed: TDMA slots Multi-slot class Channel Encoding used.

20. HSCSD High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data. An enhancement to CSD – Multiple timeslots used. Data rates up to 38.4 Kbps (4 times CSD). In reality supports 14.4Kbps . Expensive than CSD. Latency less that GPRS.

21. 2.75G EDGE 2003 Packet Data CDMA 1xRTT

22. EDGE EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM) Superset of GPRS. Data rate = 4 times GPRS. 9 MCS (Modulation and coding schemes) used – Gaussian min shift keying and 8PSK.

23. Evolved EDGE Data rate = 1Mbps Encoding technique – 32QAM and 16QAM. Requires simple network enhancements with software update.

24. CDMA 1xRTT 1x is an abbreviation of 1xRTT (1x Radio Transmission Technology).1x refers to the no. of duplex radio channels. Supports 33-35 simultaneous voice calls per 1.25MHz.(cdmaOne = 20 voice calls) Encoding technique: BPSK for forward and reverse link. Data Rate = 153 Kbps/153 Kbps. Software and minimum hardware update.

25. 3G IMT2000 W-CDMA (UMTS) CDMA2000

26. UMTS UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. Also known as W-CDMA. W-CDMA uses the DS-CDMA and TDD channel access method with a pair of 5 MHz channels. Requires new cell towers & frequency allocations. Data rate = 1Mbps(theoritical) Frequency bands: Uplink 1885-2025 MHz (mobile-to-base ) Downlink 2110-2200 MHz (base-to-mobile).

27. CDMA2000 EVDO Rel 0 (Evolution-Data Optimized or Evolution-Data only Release 0) Data rates: Forward link - 2.4Mbps. Reverse link - 153kbps. Encoding technique: Forward link – 16QAM. Reverse link - BPSK.

28. 3.5G EVDO-Rev A HSDPA HSUPA EVDO-Rev B

29. HSPA High Speed Packet Access is a collection of two mobile telephony protocols HSDPA and HSUPA. High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) Data rates for Forward link - 14.4Mbps. Encoding technique – QPSK and 16QAM High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) or EUL(Enhanced Uplink) Data rates for Reverse link - 5.76Mbps. Just a software update for most WCDMA networks.

30. HSPA+ Evolved High Speed Packet Access (HSPA+) Data rates: Forward link - 42Mbps. Reverse link - 22Mbps. Encoding technique 64QAM .

31. EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev A (Revision A) Also called as EV-DV (Evolution Data/Voice) Data rates: Forward link - 3.1Mbps. Reverse link - 1.8Mbps. Encoding technique: Forward link – 16QAM. Reverse link - QPSK and 8PSK.

32. EVDO Rev B Combine up to fifteen 1.25MHz carriers (20MHz) in forward and/or reverse link. Carriers not physically combined and not adjacent to each other. Data rate: Forward link = 3.1Mbps*15channels = 47Mbps. Reverse link = 1.8Mbps*15channels = 27Mbps. Encoding technique 64QAM. Uplink data rate increases from 3.1Mbps to 4.9Mbps per channel. Thus, Data rate: Forward link = 4.9Mbps*15channels = 74Mbps. Only software updation required.

33. 0G 1G technologies 2G technologies Circuit and Packet Switching. 3GPP & 3GPP2 Services offered by 3G Deployment Problems 3G in India & its delay 4G Transition 2.5G technologies 2.75G technologies 3G technologies An interim 3.5G of 4G

34. Multi Player Gaming Location Based Services Video Services Instant Messaging

37. PROBLEMS DEPLOYMENT

38. Argentina Estonia Kyrgyzstan Slovenia Australia Finland Malaysia South Korea Austria France Mauritius South Africa Azerbaijan Georgia Mexico Spain Bahrain Germany Moldova Sri Lanka Belarus Greece Netherlands Sweden Belgium Guatemala New Zealand Taiwan Bermuda Hong Kong Nicaragua Tajikistan Brazil Hungary Nigeria Thailand Canada Iceland Norway Ukraine Chile India Pakistan U A E China Indonesia Panama United Kingdom Colombia Ireland Peru United States Cyprus Israel Poland Uzbekistan Czech Republic Italy Portugal Venezuela Denmark Jamaica Romania Vietnam Dominican Japan Russia Venezuela Ecuador Kazakhstan Singapore Vietnam

39. 3G INDIA in

40. Where are we ? Out in Market…

41. 4G

42. Summary G Technology Data Rates 1 Analog Typical 2.4 Kbps; max 22 Kbps 2 Digital – TDMA, CDMA 9.6 - 14.4 Kbps (circuit data) 2.5 GPRS – mux packets in voice timeslots 15 - 40 Kbps 3 Improved modulation, using CDMA variants 50 – 144 Kbps (1xRTT); 200 – 384 Kbps (UMTS); 500 Kbps – 2.4 Mbps (EVDO) 3.5 More modulation tweaks 2–14 Mbps (HSPA) 4 New modulation (OFDMA); Multi-path (MIMO); All IP LTE: >10 Mbps; eventual potential >100 Mbps