This document traces the evolution of early counting and calculating devices from ancient times through the development of the first modern computer. It describes tools like fingers, sticks, and stones used by early humans; the Chinese abacus from 4000 years ago; John Napier's 17th century invention called Napier's Bones used for multiplication and division; Blaise Pascal's 17th century mechanical calculator called the Pascaline; Gottfried Leibnitz's 17th century stepped reckoner machine; Charles Babbage's 19th century analytical engine design; Herman Hollerith's 19th century tabulating machine using punched cards; and the first modern electronic computer called ENIAC built in 1946 in the United States using vacuum tubes.

1. Evolution of a
Computer

2. Stick and Stones
The first people use
their fingers in counting.
They also used sticks,
ropes, and stones to
make counting easier.

3. ABACUS
More than 4, 000 years
ago, the Chinese started
using the abacus for
counting and calculating.
It is usually made of
wooden frame, metal
rods, and wooden beads.

4. NAPIER’S BONE
In 1612, John Napier
from Scotland invented
a device made of rods.
It was use to multiply
and divide numbers.
This device was called
Napier’s Bones.

5. PASCALINE
In 1642, Blaise Pascal, a
mathematician from France,
Invented a calculating machine.
He called his invention the
Pascaline. He used the machine
to help his father compute tax
collections. Calculations were
done by hand using interlocking
wheels and pulleys.

7. STEPPED RECKONER
In 1674, Gottfried Wilhelm
Leibnitz, a German
mathematician, invented a
calculating machine. It could
add, subtract, multiply, and
divide. Leibnitz called his
invention the Stepped
Reckoner.

9. Analytical Engine
This was designed by
Charles Babbage in 1833. He
was helped by Lady Ada
Augusta Lovelace. The machine
was not completed, but
modern computers are based
on Babbage’s original design.

11. HOLLERITH’S TABULATING
MACHINE
Herman Hollerith, an
American businessman,
invented the tabulating
machine in 1890. The
machine used punched
cards to record, arrange,
and store data. The machine
was used for statistics.

13. The First
Electronic
Computer

14. The ENIAC ( Electronic
Numerical Integrator and
Computer) was built in 1946
in the United States. It
helped design weapons.
ENIAC used vacuum tubes
and valves for computing
and sending electrical
signals.

16. The
Shrinking
Computer