The document summarizes the evolution of computers through 5 generations from 1940 to the present. The first generation used vacuum tubes which were huge, unreliable, and produced a lot of heat. The second generation introduced transistors, which were smaller and more reliable than vacuum tubes. The third generation saw the development of silicon chips and mainframe computers from IBM and others. The fourth generation began in 1971 and featured microprocessors, personal computers from Apple and IBM, and silicon chips becoming the standard technology. The fifth generation includes modern technologies like machine learning, robotics, and virtual reality.

1. 1st Generation (1940-1956)
 Huge, slow, expensive and often 3rd Generation (1964-1971)
unreliable.
 Scientists - Presper Eckert and Willian  1961- Development of electronic
Mauchly circuit – silicone chip
 1946 - ENIAC (It used Vacuum Tube) EVOLUTION  1964 - Introduced computer
 1951 – UNIVAC ( Universal Automatic OF Model: IBM 370 series, CDC
Computer ) could calculate at rate 7600, B2500
COMPUTERS
10,000 addition p/s  It came in several models and
 Magnetic tape was introduced in 1957. sizes. It was used for business
It was a faster and a more compact and scientific programs.
method of storing data. Using magnetic  Microchip replace magnetic Core
tape became more reliable and cost- memory
effective.  First 256 bit RAM was introduced
Problems 5th Generation (present & Beyond) and as basis for 1 K bit RAM
 The vacuum tubes generated a great  Inventions of new hardware Advantages:
deal of heat causing many problems in tech such as: Silicone chips were reliable,
temperature regulation and climate  silicone chips, processor, compact and cheaper.
control robotics, virtual reality, Sold hardware and software
 The tubes also burnt out frequently Intelligent system, program separately which created the
 People operating the computer did not translate language and expert software industry.
know that the problem was in the system such as: customer service industry
programming machine Teleconferencing flourished (reservation and
Speech recognition credit checks)
system
4th Generation (1971 - present)
2nd Generation (1956 -1963)  Introduced computer model: Apple
 Scientists - John Bardeen,. Walter Macintosh, IBM, DELL, ACER
Houser and Willian Shockley  1971- Intel created 1st microprocessor
 Use transistor - It was small devices  1976 – 1st Apple comp introduced.
use to transfer electronic signals  1981 – 1st IBM PC introduced.
across a resister.  Were invented - silicone chips,
Advantages: microprocessor (for comp memory and
transistors were smaller than logic, circuit that contained thousands
vacuum tubes of transistors) and storage devices.
they needed no warm up time Advantages:
consumed less energy Comp became 100 times smaller than
generated much less heat ENIAC
faster and more reliable More speed, reliability and storage
capability
Personal software industry boomed