The document summarizes the five generations of computers from the 1940s to present. The 1st generation (1940-1956) used vacuum tubes, were large and unreliable. The 2nd generation (1956-1963) introduced transistors which were smaller and more reliable than vacuum tubes. The 3rd generation (1964-1971) saw the development of silicon chips and microprocessors. The 4th generation (1971-present) brought personal computers from companies like Apple and IBM that were smaller and more powerful due to hardware advances. The 5th generation (present and beyond) involves new technologies like robotics, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence.

1. 3rd G ( 1964-1971 )
st
1 G ( 1940-1956 ) - computer were huge, slow,
expensive and often unreliable.
1941 – MARK 1 use mechanical switches.
1946 - two Americans, Presper Eckert and Willian
Mauchly build the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer). It use vacuum tube. A vacuum
tube which is an electronic tube about the size of light
bulbs, was used as the internal computer components.
Thousands of them were used.
1951 – UNIVAC ( Universal Automatic Computer ) could
calculate at rate 10,000 addition p/s
Storage – Punched card and Magnetic tape.
Magnetic tape was introduced in 1957. It was a faster and
a more compact method of storing data. Using magnetic
tape became more reliable and cost-effective.
Problems
• the vacuum tubes generated a great deal of heat
causing many problems in temperature
regulation and climate control
• the tubes also burnt out frequently
• people operating the computer did not know that
the problem was in the programming machine
COMPUTER
GENERATION
S
5th G ( present & Beyond )
Inventions of new hardw tech such as----- silicone chips, processor, robotics, virtual
reality, Intelligent system, program translate
language and expert system such as
- Teleconferencing
- Speech recognition system
- IBM 370 series were introduced in 1964. It
came in several models and sizes.It was used
for business and scientific programs.
- CDC 7600
- B2500.
*** Development of electronic circuit –
silicone chip in 1961
*** Microchip replace magnetic Core memory
*** First 256 bit RAM was introduced and as
basis for 1 K bit RAM
Advantanges :
• Silicone chips were reliable,
compact and cheaper.
• Sold hardware and software
separately which created the
software industry.
• customer service industry
flourished (reservation and credit
checks)
4th G ( 1971 - present )
2nd G ( 1956 -1963 )
Use transistor - It was small devices use to transfer
electronic signals across a resister.
Advantages :
• transistors were smaller than vacuum tubes
• they needed no warm up time
• consumed less energy
• generated much less heat
• faster and more reliable
Comp models introduced : Apple Macintosh,
IBM, DELL, ACER
1971- Intel created 1st microprocessor
1976 – 1st Apple comp introduced.
1981 – 1st IBM PC introduced.
- Hardw tech invented– silicone chips,
microprocessor ( for comp memory and logic ,
circuit that contained thousands of transistors)
and storage devices.
Advantages : -Comp became 100 times
smaller than ENIAC
- More speed, reliability and storage capability
- Personal n softw industry boomed

2. 1 G (1940-1956) - komputer sangat besar, lambat, mahal
dan sering tidak boleh dipercayai.
1941 - MARK 1 menggunakan switch mekanikal.
1946 - dua orang Amerika, Presper Eckert dan Mauchly
Willian membina ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator
dan Computer). Menggunakan tiub vakum. Sebuah tabung
vakum yang merupakan tabung elektronik bersaiz bola
lampu, digunakan sebagai komponen komputer dalaman.
Ribuan dari mereka digunakan.
1951 - UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) boleh
mengira kadar tambahan 10.000 p / s
Simpanan - kad penekan dan pita magnetik.
Pita magnetik diperkenalkan pada tahun 1957. Ini adalah
lebih cepat dan kaedah yang lebih kompak menyimpan
data. Magnetic tape menjadi lebih sesuai dan kos efektif
Masalah
• tabung vakum yang dihasilkan cepat panas menyebabkan
banyak masalah dalam tatacara suhu dan kawalan iklim
• tabung juga cepat terbakar
• pengoperasi komputer tidak tahu bahawa masalah di
mesin pengaturcaraan
2 G (1956 -1963)
Gunakan transistor - Ini adalah peranti kecil untuk
memindahkan isyarat elektronik di sebuah resister.
Kelebihan:
transistor • lebih kecil daripada tabung vakum
• mereka memerlukan masa pemanasan
• menggunakan sedikit tenaga
• panas yang dihasilkan jauh lebih sedikit
• lebih cepat dan sesuai
GENERASI
KOMPUTER
5 G (sekarang & Beyond)
Penemuan teknologi peranti baru seperti ----- Cip silikon, processor, robotik, virtual reality,
sistem Cerdas, menterjemah program bahasa dan
sistem pakar seperti
- Teleconferencing
- Sistem pengenalan Ucapan
3 G (1964-1971)
- IBM siri 370 diperkenalkan pada tahun 1964.
Itu datang dalam beberapa model dan saiz.
Digunakan untuk program-program perniagaan
dan sains.
- 7600 CDC
- B2500.
*** Pembangunan litar elektronik - cip silikon
pada tahun 1961
*** Microchip menukar memori magnetik
Core
*** RAM 256 bit pertama diperkenalkan dan
sebagai asas untuk 1 K bit RAM
Kelebihan:
• silikon cip yang sesuai , kompak dan murah.
• Penjualan peranti keras dan peranti perisian
berasingan yang mencipta industri perisian.
• pelanggan industri perkhidmatan berkembang
(tempahan dan kredit cek)
4 G (1971 - sekarang)
Model Comp diperkenalkan: Apple Macintosh,
IBM, DELL, ACER
1971 - Intel membuat mikropemproses yang
pertama
1976 - memperkenalkan Apple 1 comp.
1981 - PC pertama IBM diperkenalkan.
- Teknologi Hardware diciptakan-silikon cip,
mikropemproses (untuk memori comp dan
logik, litar yang mengandungi ribuan transistor)
dan peranti simpanan.
Kelebihan:-Comp menjadi 100 kali lebih kecil
daripada ENIAC
- Lebih laju, kebolehpercayaan dan
kemampuan simpanan
- Industri Computer Peribadi meletup