The document provides a comprehensive overview of tropical rainforest biomes, detailing their characteristics, classification, and significance. It covers abiotic factors such as climate and soil, as well as plant and animal adaptations, while also addressing the major threats posed by human activities and natural disasters. Tropical rainforests, which make up about 7% of Earth's surface, are primarily found near the equator and are home to an incredibly diverse range of species.

1. Tropical rainforest biomes
Prepared by Jintu moni Bhuyan & Sagarika Barman
M.Sc. 1st semester
Department of Environmental science, Gauhati university

2. We will be learned..
• What are biomes?
• Types of Biomes.
• What determines the classification of Biomes?
• Rainforest Biomes.
Tropical rainforest Biomes.
• Abiotic factors (climate, soil etc.)
• Plants Adaptations
• Animals adaptations
• Threats to Tropical Rainforests.

3. What are biomes?
• A biome refers to a community of flora and fauna that occurs naturally to form
significant habitats.
• Biomes are the collections of plants and animals that have common characteristics for
the environment they exist in.
• The sum of animals and plants or vegetations which develop under the same climatic
conditions.
• A biomes in an area is classified according to the species that live in that location.
• The primary factor that determine the biomes is CLIMATE. (temperature, precipitation etc.)

4. Types of biomes
 Terrestrial biomes
Rainforest
Tundra
Taiga
Desert
Deciduous
 Aquatic biomes
Marine water
Fresh water

5. Types of biomes

6. What determines the classification of Biomes?
 temperature
 Precipitation
 Humidity
 Solar irradiance
Altitudes
Soil Relief Location
Climate
Elements of climate

7. What determines the classification of Biomes?

8. Tropical Rain forest biomes
The tropical rainforest is the world’s most threatened biomes, despite
being of home to some most diverse and unique species on the planet.
Tropical rainforests are defined by the fact that they are hot and wet,
typical of tropical climates. ( hot and humid )
It covers about 7% of the Earth’s surface.
Found near equator.

9. Location of tropical rainforest

10. Abiotic factors
• Climate : hot and wet( closest to equator), it is warm and have rainfall year round,
with little to no dry season.
• Temperature : ranges from 21 degree to 30 degree Celsius . The average annual
temperature is above 20 degree Celsius.
• Precipitation : rainfall in this area is rain round, particularly there are little to no
seasonal changes in weather. Tropical rainforest receive annual precipitation
amount of 60 to 160 inches. Some rain forest in the world experience annual
rainfall amount of almost 400 inches (1000 cm).
• Soil: soil are not very fertile, red in colour.

11. Plants adaptations
• Sunlight is major limiting factor
• Plants grow in layers
Emergent layer
The canopy layer
The understory layer
The ground stratum
• Little sunlight reaches the floor.

12. Layers of trees
Plants grow in layers
Emergent layer
The canopy layer
The understory layer
The ground stratum

13. Animal adaptations
• Sloths
• Snakes
• Rodents
• Frogs
• Birds
• Monkeys etc.
 identified approximately
15 million different
species of animals.

14. Major threats
• Human threats
Logging interest
Power plants & other industries
Paper industries
Cattle industries
Agriculture industries
Mining operations
Government & industries
Hydroelectric projects

15. MAJOR THREATS
NATURAL THREATS
Forest fire
Volcano activity
Drought
Tropical storm