The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the digestive system. It describes the large intestine as consisting of 7 parts that extends from the ileocaecal junction to the anus. It then describes the accessory glands - the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The liver produces bile and is located in the upper right abdomen. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile before releasing it. The pancreas both secretes pancreatic juice to aid digestion and hormones to regulate blood sugar.

1. The Digestive System
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‫العالي‬ ‫الصحيت‬ ‫المهن‬ ‫معهد‬
‫المادة‬ ‫مدرس‬
‫م‬.‫جامعي‬
‫الوهاب‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫نزار‬ ‫صـالح‬
‫تمـريض‬ ‫علــوم‬ ‫ماجـستير‬
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2. The large Intestine
The large intestine parts:
1. Caecum
2. Ascending colon
3. Transverse colon
4. Descending colon
5. Sigmoid colon
6. Rectum
7. Anal canal
The large intestine: extends from the ileocaecal junction to the anus. It is about 6.5 cm in
diameter and about 1.5 m long. begins in the lower right region of the abdomen.
The first part is a small pouch called the cecum, between the ileum of the small intestine and the
cecum is a sphincter (the ileocecal valve) that prevents food from backward into the small
intestine, between caecum and terminal part of ileum is the appendix(small, blind tube containing
lymphoid tissue).
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3. The large Intestine
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4. The large intestine
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The second part is the ascending colon, extends upward along the right side of the abdomen
toward the liver. The large intestine then bends across the abdomen, forming the transverse colon.
At this point it bends sharply and extends downward on the left side of the abdomen into the
pelvis, forming the descending colon. The lower part of the colon bends to posterior in an S shape
and continues downward as the sigmoid colon. The sigmoid colon empties into the rectum, which
serves as a temporary storage area for indigestible or unabsorbable food residue.
A narrow portion of the distal large intestine is called the anal canal, this leads to the outside of
the body through an opening called the anus

5. The Accessory glands
1. The Liver
2. The Gallbladder
3. The Pancreas
The liver
The liver: is the largest gland in the body about (1500g). It is located in the upper right portion of
the abdominal cavity under the dome of the diaphragm. The lower edge of liver is level with the
lower margin of the ribs.(in the right hypochondriac region and epigastric region, extending into
the left hypochondriac region)
The liver is the reddish brown color it has a large right lobe and a smaller left lobe. The liver is
supplied with blood through two vessels: the portal vein and the hepatic artery.
The liver production the (bile) that breaks the fat into small droplets to help absorb it after mixing
with digestive enzymes.
Bile leaves the lobes of the liver by two ducts that merge to make the common hepatic duct. Then
the hepatic duct collecting with cystic duct from the gallbladder, to form common bile duct,
delivers bile into the duodenum5

6. The liver
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7. The Gallbladder
The gallbladder: is a muscular sac on the inferior surface of the liver that serves as a storage
pouch for bile. The liver made bile continuously, bile flows into the hepatic ducts and then up
through the cystic duct that connected with the gallbladder, the gallbladder contracts, squeezing
bile through the cystic duct and into the common bile duct leading to the duodenum
The Pancreas
The Pancreas: is a soft lobulated elongated organ, partly exocrine and partly endocrine.
The exocrine part secrets pancreatic juice and endocrine part secretes hormones.
The pancreas lies on the posterior abdominal wall, at the level of L1 and L2 vertebrae. It is about
15cm long, about 3 cm broad and 2 cm thick, divided into a head, neck, body and a tail.
The head is enlarged and lies within the curve of the duodenum. The tail reaches to the hilum of
the spleen.
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8. The Gallbladder and The Pancreas
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9. Thank You
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