This document discusses key concepts in medical surgical nursing and the nursing process. It defines health according to the WHO as complete physical, mental and social well-being. It outlines Maslow's hierarchy of basic human needs and defines nursing as focused on maintaining or recovering optimal health. The nursing process is explained as having 5 steps: assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment involves data collection to identify patient needs. Nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment about a patient's response to health problems. Planning identifies priorities, goals and interventions. Evaluation determines response to interventions and goal achievement.

1. Medical Surgical Nursing
Health and Nursing Process
‫الصحة‬ ‫معهد‬‫العالي‬
‫المادة‬ ‫مدرس‬
‫م‬.‫إختصاص‬ ‫جامعي‬
‫الوهاب‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫نزار‬ ‫صـالح‬
‫تمـريض‬ ‫علــوم‬ ‫ماجـستير‬
Salah Nazar Abdulwahhab M.Sc. Nursing
www.slideshare.net
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2. Definition of Health
Health : is a state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being, not only absence of disease.
World Health Organization (WHO)
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3. Basic Needs for Patient
Certain needs are basic to all people, so Maslow (1908-1970) ranked human needs as
follows:
1. Physiologic needs: First level
Vital needs for survival (Food, Water, Breathing, Sleep, Homeostasis, ….etc.)
2. Safety and security: Second level
People want control and order in their lives (Financial security, Heath and wellness,
Safety against accidents and injury, ….etc.)
3. Sense of belonging and affection: Third level
Social Needs (Family, Love, Friendships, Social groups, Religion, …etc.)
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4. Basic Needs for Patient (Con.)
4. Esteem and self-respect: Fourth level
Appreciation and respect ( Valued by others, Achievements, Professional activities,
academic accomplishments, …etc.)
5. Self-actualization: Fifth level
peak of Maslow’s hierarchy (fulfilling life and do the best)
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5. Maslow’s Hierarchy
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6. Definition of Nursing
Nursing: is a profession within the health care sector focused
on the care of ( individuals, families, and communities) to
maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life.
Characteristic of high quality nurse
- Ethics
- Knowledge
- Skill
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7. The Nursing Process
Nursing Process: systematic method of providing nursing care
consists of 5 steps
1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Planning
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
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8. Assessment
Assessment: Data collection to identify a patient’s health needs
Types of assessment
1. Comprehensive assessment: Provides baseline data to complete health history and
current needs (Physical & psychosocial).
2. Focused Assessment: Screening for a specific problem.
3. Ongoing assessment: systematic monitoring and observation related to specific
problems (Follow-up).
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9. Assessment (Con.)
Sources of Data
A. Primary sources
1. Client
2. Interview
3. Physical examination
B. Secondary sources
1. Medical records
2. Family members
3. Other health care providers
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10. Assessment (Con.)
Types of Data
1. Subjective (symptoms):
a. Data from the client (Feelings). Such as headache, pain, dyspnea. ….etc.)
b. Main way to collect subjective data (Interview).
2. Objective (Signs):
a. Observable & measurable data. Such as fever, jaundice, cyanosis, ….etc.)
b. Main way to collect objective data (Physical assessment, Lab and diagnostic
testing).
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11. Nursing Diagnosis
Nursing diagnosis: A clinical judgment about individual, family or
community responses to actual or potential health problems.
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North American Nursing Diagnosis Association
NANDA

12. Nursing vs. Medical diagnosis
N.D: Clinical judgment by the nurse to actual or potential health problems (effect of
illness)
M.D: Clinical judgment by the physician to determines a specific disease (illness)
N.D: Changes as the clients response
M.D: Remains until a cure is effected.
N.D: e.g. Body image disturbance.
M.D: e.g. Breast cancer.
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13. Nursing Diagnosis (Con.)
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14. Planning
It is concerned with identifying priorities, establishing goals and
selecting nursing interventions that will help the client achieve those
goals and expected outcomes
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15. Planning
Types of planning
1. Initial planning.
2. Ongoing planning.
3. Discharge planning.
Types of Goals
1. Short term goals
• Hours to days (less than a week)
2. Long term goals
• Weeks to months
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16. Nursing Intervention
Any treatment based on clinical judgment and
knowledge that a nurse performs to enhance client
outcomes (doing).
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Doing

17. Nursing Intervention (Con.)
Types of nursing interventions
1. Independent nursing interventions:
- No order needed. (Elevate edematous legs)
2. Interdependent nursing interventions:
- Cooperate with other team members. (Assist client with physical therapy exercises)
3. Dependent nursing interventions:
- Require an order. (Administering of medications)
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18. Evaluation
Identify client responses to interventions (actual outcomes)
and then compares the actual outcomes with expected
outcomes to determine goal achievement
(to determine effectiveness of nursing care plane)
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19. Evaluation (Con.)
Factors that affect goal achievement
- Incomplete database.
- Nonspecific Nursing interventions.
- Inadequate time for clients to achieve outcomes.
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21. Thank You
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