The document summarizes the key anatomical features of the stomach. It describes the organs that surround the stomach, including the liver, pancreas, and intestines. It notes the stomach's size increases from birth through adulthood. The stomach has two openings, two curvatures, and two surfaces. It also contains specialized sphincters like the cardiac and pyloric sphincters that regulate movement of food. The interior of the stomach has rugae and is divided into four regions: the cardia, fundus, body, and pylorus.

2. BRISSO ARACKAL

8. ORGANS ASSOCIATED WITH
THE STOMACH
• Anteriorly- Left lobe of liver and anterior
abdominal wall.
• posteriorly- Abdominal aorta, pancreas, spleen,
left kidney and adrenal gland.
• Superiorly- Diaphragm, oesophagus and left lobe
of liver.
• Inferiorly- transverse colon and small intestine.
• To the left- Diaphragm and spleen
• To the right- liver and duodenum.

10. STOMACH : SIZE
• The stomach is a very distensible organ.
• It is about 25 cm. long.
• The mean capacity is one ounce (30 ml) at
birth, one litre (1000ml) at puberty, and 1.5 t0
2 litres or more in adults.

14. EXTERNAL FEATURES OF
STOMACH
The stomach has
 Two orifices or openings
 Two curvatures or borders and
 Two surfaces

21. CARDIAC SPHINCTER
• The cardiac sphincter is a
specialized valve found
between the esophagus
and the stomach. It
prevents backflow of food
and digestive enzymes.

24. RUGAE

25. RUGAE LINING OF THE
STOMACH
• Rugae are found
on the interior
layer of the
stomach and aid
in breaking down
food when the
stomach
contracts.

28. FUNDUS
• The is the frontal
region of the stomach.
It begins digestion of
proteins and mixes
together stomach
contents.

29. BODY
• The body is the
central region of
the stomach. It also
digests proteins
and blends
materials found in
stomach.

30. PYLORUS and PYLORIC
SPHINCTER
• The pylorus is the back region
of the stomach. It contracts to
empty materials from the
stomach into the small
intestine
• The pyloric sphincter is a
specialized valve that prevents
materials and digestive
enzymes from escaping into the
small intestine before digestion
is completed in the stomach.

34. Has four regions
• Cardia
• Fundus
• Body
• Pyloric

35. MUSCLES AND CELLS OF STOMACH