Counseling involves a relationship between two individuals where one seeks help from a trained professional to solve problems and achieve goals. It is a structured process aimed at helping clients better understand themselves and enable positive action. Counseling uses various techniques and approaches, including active listening, understanding feelings, and confronting issues. It has several purposes, such as providing information, establishing understanding, helping create plans, and supporting educational and career choices. The counseling process involves exploratory, interpretive, and adjustment stages, and can utilize directive, non-directive, or eclectic approaches.

1. THE COUNSELING
PROCESS
Guidance is inseparable from
counseling, just as we associate pencil
with paper, rice with fish, bread with
butter, or St. Peter with St. Paul.

2. THE NATURE OF COUNSELING

3. Counseling involves to individuals, one
seeking help and other a professional
trained person helped solved problems to
orient and direct him to words a goals
- Willey and Andrew -

4. The core, the most intimate and vital part of
the entire guidance program. Counseling may
be defined by telling first what it is not. It is not
lecturing, which is one- sided; counseling is
much more than talking to a pupil. Neither is it
merely giving advice, although advice may be
given.
- Jones -

5. Counseling as an interview or conference
between a pupil and a member of the school staff
with whom guidance relationship, for the
purpose of considering some of his problems and
a desirable course of action.
- Clarence Dunsmoor -

6. Counseling as an “attempt to aid the individual
by assisting him to a reorganization of
attitudes, feelings, and emotions, such that he
can make optional use of his abilities and
physical endowments.
- Arthur Coomds -

7. Counseling as “a means of helping people
to learn how to solve their own problems”.
- Williamson -

8.  Counseling is a definitely structured
relationship which allows the client to gain an
understanding of himself to a degree which
enable him to take positive steps in the light of
his new orientation.
- Carl Rogers-

9. Believes that counseling is an activity in which all
facts are gathered and focused on the particular
problem of the counselee, who is then given direct
and personal help.
-Jones-

10. Counseling involves a personal relationship between two
individuals, one of whom is older, more experienced, and
wiser than the other; and, together, approach a problem
of the younger, less experienced and less wise, with
mutual respect and consideration for each other in order
that the problem can be more clear, and the one who has
the problem can be helped towards its solution.
- Wren -

11. Counseling involves techniques involve active listening,
emphatic understanding releasing the pent up feelings
confronting the clients and so on.
Counseling therefore is offered to only those individuals
who are under serious problems and need professional
help to overcome it.

12. Purposes of
Counseling

13. According toDunsmoorand Miller, thereareother
subsidiaryaimsorpurposesof counseling asfollows:
1. Togivethepupil informationon matters importanttohis
success.
2. Togetinformationaboutthepupilwhichwill beof helpto
him insolving hisproblems.
3. Toestablishafeelingof mutual understanding between
pupiland teacher.
4. Tohelpthepupilworkoutaplan forsolving his
difficulties.

14. 5. Tohelpthepupil know himself better, his interests, abilities,
aptitudesandavailableopportunities.
6. Toencouragespecial talentsanddeveloprightsattitude.
7. Toinspiresuccessful endeavortowardstheattainmentor
realizationof objectives.
8. Toassistthepupil inplanning forhiseducational and
vocational choices – formulating plans forvocation, making
surveysof employmentopportunitiesadministering
vocational oraptitudetest, gathering cumulative
occupational information, following-uppupils for
placementandsponsoring convocations, programand

15. STAGES OF COUNSELING
•Exploratory Stage
•Interpretative Stage
•Adjustment Stage

16. TYPES OF COUNSELING

17. DIRECTIVE (CLINICAL
COUNSELING)
Allows the counselor to give the counselee information
about himself, his opportunities, his problems.
Guides discussion by testing the pupils, interpreting the
test results and using them with school records and
other records.

18. CLINICAL ANALYSIS
DIAGNOSIS
PROGNOSIS
COUNSELING
FOLLOW-UP

19. NON-DIRECTIVE COUNSELING
Places the responsibility on the client for
exploring his own problem, with emphasis
on the individual and not on the problem,
and on his potentialities.

20. The following order in nondirective counseling is given by
Warters
A . The client asks for help and gives his reason.
B. The situation is defined in the counselor defines the limits of his
responsibilities, encouraging the counselee to tell all.
C. The counselor displays a friendly, interested and receptive attitude.
He neither agrees nor disagrees but because he puts himself in the
place of the client, the client feels free to talk, to confide, to tell all.
D. A negative attitude gradually gives way to a positive one. The period
of release is followed by insight.
E. Insight is converted into action.
F. Relationship with counselors ends.

21. ECLECTIC COUNSELING
The combination of all types directive and
non-directive.

22. Thorne’s eclectic process of counseling includes
five steps:
1. Diagnosis of the cause or causes of maladjustment.
2. Planning the modification of the cause or causes.
3. Securing conditions conducive to learning.
4. Stimulating the client by implied motivation to
develop his own resources.
5. Proper handling of any problems subsequent to
adjustment.