Indian society has an broad diversity with varying opinions and mindsets. But all together in any circumstances Guidance and Counseling plays the vital role to uplift self and the community as a whole. Action speaks more than words, Experience is the golden treasure of knowledge and wisdom each individual has as instinct, which performs as the life philosophy of that character. This philosophy provides the essential knowledge and lessons indulging into guidelines and lessons for life which we called as 'Guidance and Counseling'. Thus directly or indirectly we go through the guidance and counseling experiences throughout our lives.
in this chapter, I tried to give every detailing related to guidance & counseling. it includes Definitions, meaning, principles, areas, and approaches in G & D. it also states the counseling steps and process.
in this chapter, I tried to give every detailing related to guidance & counseling. it includes Definitions, meaning, principles, areas, and approaches in G & D. it also states the counseling steps and process.
Topic: Elements and Goals of Counselling
Student Name: Naveed
Class: M.Ed
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Guidance and counselling - meaning, definition, principles, scope, nature, characteristics, need in school, limitations, difference between guidance and counseling.....
“Courage doesn’t happen when you have all the answers. It happens when you are ready to face the questions you have been avoiding your whole life.”
― Shannon L. Alder
Topic: Elements and Goals of Counselling
Student Name: Naveed
Class: M.Ed
Project Name: “Young Teachers' Professional Development (TPD)"
"Project Founder: Prof. Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Pakistan
Guidance and counselling - meaning, definition, principles, scope, nature, characteristics, need in school, limitations, difference between guidance and counseling.....
“Courage doesn’t happen when you have all the answers. It happens when you are ready to face the questions you have been avoiding your whole life.”
― Shannon L. Alder
It helps the students in the field of teacher education, to know the basic concepts regarding guidance, types and principles of guidance etc.
Snd it explains about counselling, types, steps or procedures of counselling etc.
It helps the students in the field of teacher education, to know the basic concepts regarding guidance, types and principles of guidance etc.
Snd it explains about counselling, types, steps or procedures of counselling etc.
Allopathic medicines are always considered as the central line of treatment for every illness and conditions, due to evidenced based practice and several researches on it through this module. Whereas, Homeopathy and Ayurveda has always dragged behind the allopathic medicine in search of its space. The types of alternative therapies and relaxational techniques has enhanced the field of care modalities broadly. Wide population is indulging in it to have the stability of balanced health by maintaining the body- mind relationship through yoga ad meditation specially.
Alcoholism has became the one of the leading cause for kidney and liver diseases. In India alcoholism is the root cause of poverty, unemployment, domestic conflicts, occupational disputes and deaths all together. Several Indian studies have shown the increased risk of suicide due to alcohol dependency. Thus it has became the global cause for depletion of human species all way round. Awareness, prevention, promotion, restoration and maintenance of health should be held up as essential base to work on for diverting the substance use/abuse and misuse and directing towards the sober community norms step by step to reduce intoxication, dependency, tolerance, conditioned learning and addiction as a whole.
Illness does not ask, it demands. Younger population perceives the un-earning family members as burden on their shoulders with more responsibility, which is taken as an economic loss, even if they are their parents. Anxiety is a broad aspect, which should not be termed as illness- as it is common emotion to experience in every individual’s life. But in 21st century due to defective coping mechanism, poor socialization, sedentary lifestyle- anxiety has become the slow poison to majority of the population, globally. Especially to the elder age group, which highlights the need of quick concern to look after it genuinely. Anxiety is an broad spectrum of disorder, constituting many of the forms which ae common for the human behavior to perform in the society. Management plays the essential role in conflicting the anxiety. Problem solving skills, coping mechanism and self esteem are the basics to tackle the anxiety as a whole.
Schizophrenia is he severe psychotic disorder that affects thinking, emotions, cognition and behavior of an individual. It is majorly known as the perceptual disorder and recognized majorly due to most common illness which is diagnosed dual diagnosis. Psychotherapies, change in lifestyle and the pharmacological management is essentially followed up throughout the course of illness to reduce the symptoms and revert client back to normal. Schizophrenia is an broad spectrum having branched classification under the hood with various symptoms which are too narrowed for acute diagnosis and management.
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurologic disorder that causes atrophy of brain cells, leading it to cell death. it is degenerative and progressive illness. Increase in age with sedentary lifestyle and lack of brain storming activities are indirectly leading to mental disorders with cognitive disruptions like dementia and lading up into Alzheimer's, which makes life miserable of client due to dependency. It is essential to keep the elderly active physiologically as well as psychologically. Statistical data of several studies shows the rise in the cases of Alzheimer's disease, which is the highlighting point of concern. Due to increased digitalization and decreased socialization among the human species throughout globe is leading to increased in risk of getting cognitive deficits.
HIV-AIDS has broader range of course of illness. It is essential for the healthcare workers, specially for psychiatric nurses to know the importance of Counseling as therapeutic modality for clients with HIV-AIDS, as later stages are also attached with psychosis and illnesses like HIV-AIDS are stigmatized in society which also contributes for patient to develop mental health problems. Nurse has roles of advocacy, observant, therapists and comprehensive care giver.
Planning new venture is the essential topic for the nurses to know the path of getting transformed from Registered nurse to Nurse practitioner and from Nurse practitioner to Nurse entrepreneur. Each individual nursing personnel has unique skills to get into commerce and IT zone to empower the new branches of nursing as opportunity to build themselves by indulging into entrepreneurship.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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2. INTRODUCTION
Guidance & counselling are twin concepts & have emerged as essential elements of
every educational activity.
Guidance & counselling are not synonymous term. Counselling is a part of guidance.
Guidance, in educational context, means to indicate, point out, show the way, lead out &
direct.
Counselling is a specialized service of guidance. It is the process of helping individuals
learn more about themselves & their present & possible future situations to make a
substantial contribution to the society.
4. DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE
1. Guidance is an assistance made available by a competent counselor to an individual
of any age to help him direct his own life, develop his own point of view, make his own
decision & carry his own burden. - Hamrin & Erikson
2. Guidance is a process of helping every individual, through his own effort to discover &
develop his potentialities for his personal happiness & social usefulness. - Ruth Strang
5. DEFINITION OF COUNSELLING
1. Counseling is essentially a process in which the counselor assists the counselee to
make interpretations of facts relating to a choice, plan or adjustment which he needs
to make. - Glenn F. Smith
2. Counseling is a series of direct contacts with the individual which aims to offer him
assistance in changing his attitude & behaviors. - Carl Rogers
6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING
1) Nature:
Guidance = Preventive
Counselling = Remedial and curative
2) Deals with:
Guidance = Education and carrier related issues
Counseling = Personal and socio-psychological issues
7. 3) Provided by:
Guidance = Any superior or an expert
Counseling = A person who possess professional training
4) Privacy:
Guidance = Open and less private
Counseling = Always confidential
5) Approach:
Guidance = Comprehensive and extrovert
Counseling = In depth and introvert
8. 6) What it does?
Guidance = It asses the person in choosing the best alternatives
Counseling = It tends to change the perspective to help get him the solution by
self.
7) Mode:
Guidance = One to one or one to many
Counseling = Always one to one
8) Decision making:
Guidance = By guide
Counseling = By the client
9. SCOPE OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING
1. Guidance and Counselling for situational crisis.
2. Guidance and counselling for social/ emotional/ physical/ moral rebuilding.
3. Guidance and Counselling for educational/ vocational purpose.
4. Guidance and counselling for marital issues.
5. Guidance and counselling for chronic and fatal illnesses.
6. Guidance and counselling for occupational purpose.
10. PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING
1. Guidance and counseling is universal requirement: It is required by all individuals at all
stages of his development irrespective of age ,sex , caste , and status etc.
2. Goal oriented: it is one of the planned activity which is carried out by the counselor
and counselee to attain the goal.
3. Continuous process: It cannot be restricted to problem solving situation only, the
services are not just problem oriented. It is given for the normal student too as it aims
for all around development of the student.
11. 4. Evidence: It based on the reliable data ,therefore ,have adequate evidence before
starting the process . there are several important psychological and non psychological
test are used for gatherer information about an individual.
5. Growth and development: The counselor has to take into consideration of the
individual stages when they plan for services and it is also not restricted to any
particular developmental stage.
6. Professional activity: It should not be carried out by anybody but should be rendered
by the trained professional only . which requires trained on the part of the counselor.
7. Prevention as well as cure: Guidance should be organized to deal not only with
serious problem after they arise , but also with causes of such problems , in order to
prevent them from arising or to prepare the student better to solve the problem.
12. 8) Flexibility: There is no rigid procedure , techniques and approaches used in this
service since it takes into consideration of principle of individual difference.
9) Cause and Effect: It accepts that problems have causes and inter-related , so a deep
knowledge of causes is essential. Counseling services aims at identifying the cause
which leads to the present problem so that services can be rendered to the student to
alleviate the problem.
10) Development of insight: By accurate guide for his problems.
13. ELEMENTS OF GUIDANCE
It focus our attention on the individual and not the problem.
Guidance leads to the discovery of abilities of an individual.
Guidance is based upon the assets and limitations of an individual.
Guidance leads to self- development and self directions.
Guidance helps the individual to plan wisely for the present and the future.
Guidance assists the individual to become adjusted to the environment.
Guidance assists to achieve success and happiness.
14. GUIDANCE GIVEN BY FOLLOWING PERSONNEL
1. Teacher 7. Warden
2. Advisor 8. Liaison officer
3. Dean 9. Gym instructor
4. Parents 10. Counsellors
5. Library staff 11. Psychiatrists
6. Medical staff 12. Psychologists
NOTE:
Counsellor can provide Guidance BUT Counseling is done only with the professional
personnel's and NOT just by the persons who are elder, or at some respective designations.
Hence, Counseling is an professional activity which requires professional personnel to act in.
Whereas, Guidance can be given by Senior or experienced person. E.g.- Parents.
15. CHARACTERISTICS OF COUNSELLING
1. It is a purposeful learning experience for the counselee.
2. It is the purposeful oriented and private interview between the counselor and
counselee
3. Based on mutual confidence satisfactory relationship will be establish.
4. Counselling process is structured around the felt needs of the counselee.
5. Main emphasis in the counselling process is on the counselee's self-direction and self
acceptance.
6. It is only one aspect of guidance
16. COUNSELLING PROCESS
(ACCORDING TO WILLIAMSON AND DARLEY)
1. IPR: Building Interpersonal relationship.
2. Assessment: Analysis & Synthesis of problem.
3. Diagnosis: Prioritizing the problems.
4. Intervention: Setting goals and planning counselling.
5. Termination: Evaluation, Follow- up and referral.
17. FORMS OF COUNSELLING
Sr.
no.
Forms Description
1. Centralization counselling
services
The entire responsibilities of the guidance & counselling
services is vested upon a group of trained personnel of the
department of guidance & counselling services
2. Decentralization counselling
services
The responsibilities of the counselling services is vested
upon teachers
3. Combination of centralized
& decentralized counselling
services
In this mixed form, guidance & counselling services are
provided by teachers & expert collectively.
18. TYPES / TECHNIQUES OF COUNSELLING
1. Directive counseling: This counseling also known as prescriptive or counselor -
centered counseling because in which counselor have an important role on solving the
problem by giving emphasis on the problem. counselor is supposed to be an
authoritative person and he have to identifies, defines, diagnoses and provides a
solution to the problem.
2. Nondirective counseling: This type of counseling is also known as client centered
counseling.in which counselee is the active participant and counselor is the passive
participant. The counselee is the pivot, he takes an active part in the process of
therapy he gains insight into his problem with the help of the counselor. He only
decides and takes necessary action.
19. 3. Short- term counseling: This kind of counseling is used in situational crisis which can
lead disruption of life. which concern of the client or family of community it can be
relatively minor concern or major crisis, but whatever the situation, it needs immediate
attention. Counselors will assist the client and guides problem-solving in a systematic
way or decision making in logical way.
4. Long- term counseling: It extends over a prolonged period of time, it may varies, daily,
weekly or monthly basis. It is focused for the client who experiences developmental
crisis may need long- term counseling. (which can occurs during person can passes
through the developmental stages) like women with menopause, women with breast
feeding.
20. 5. Eclectic counseling: The counselor will use both directive and non directive counseling
methods for the purpose of modifying the ides and attitude of the counselee to know
the clients emotional expression. The techniques are elective in nature because they
have been derived from all sources of counseling.
6. Clinical counseling: It is used for the diagnosis and treatment of mind functional
maladjustments and to find better adjustment and self- expression. A relationship
primarily individual, face to face between counselor and client. It describes the
problem and also suggests the solution or remedies for the problem.
7. Student counseling: It is concerned with helping the student to solving his problem
pertaining to the choice of educational institute, courses, methods of study,
adjustment, vocational choice, etc.
21. 8. Placement counseling: In which counselee in regard to job and posts which are
suitable to the client depend upon his abilities, attitude and interests.
9. Psychological counseling: In which simply on conversation between client and
therapist. This may take in the form of questions and answers, reconstruction of past
history or discussion of current difficulties. It consists of catharsis by the patient or the
therapist make an initiative in making the patient to speak out his repressed felling's
and emotions.
10. Psychotherapeutic counseling: Psychologically trained individual consciously attempts
verbally to assists the other persons to modify emotional attitudes which the subject is
aware of the personality recognition through which he is undergoing.
22. PURPOSES OF CONDECTING COUNSELING SESSION IN NURSING
1. To help adolescent with normal developmental problems.
2. To help for prevention of temporary crisis.
3. To identify sign of disturbed behavior at the earliest.
4. To refer cases to specialist (if it is needed) for treatment.
5. To facilitate communication with in and nursing school, home and communities and the resources.
6. To support tutors by giving intimation regarding the student and help him with accurate guidance and
reassurance.
7. To have a well organized structure covering the three major functions of the program.
Adjustment,
Orientation, and
Developmental guidance.
23. COUNSELLING COMMITTEE
1. Administrator
2. Principal / Dean
3. Counsellor / Liaison officer
4. Deputy chief of counselling section
5. Counselling personnel/ Counsellor
6. Vocational guidance officer
7. Teacher / Faculty from different departments.
8. Hostel warden / Librarian
9. Students representatives
10. Parents
24. TOOLS USED FOR COUNSELLING
Sr.
no.
Non- testing tools Testing tools
1. Interview Psychological tests like;
Aptitude test
Intelligence test
Personality test
Abilities test
2. Observation
3. Cumulative record
4. Anecdotal record
5. Autobiography
6. Sociometry Evaluatory observational techniques
7. Personal diary
25. QUALIFICATIONOF AN PROFESSIONAL COUNSELOR
1) Academic :
MA in psychology
BA, B.Ed., M.Ed.
2) Good liberal education and knowledge of sociology, psychology, economy and
history.
3) Should have adequate experience of being good successful guide.
4) Should have experience to evaluate according to counseling tools, techniques and
stages.
26. BARRIERS OF COUNSELLING
1. Physical Barriers
Physical barriers refer to environmental factors that prevent or reduce opportunities for the
communication process to occur.
They include:
• A counseling room which does not offer privacy
• Poor lighting
• Dirty and untidy room
• Distracting noise
• Extreme temperatures
• Uncomfortable seating arrangement
• Distractions in the room such as equipment and visual aids
• Objects and chemicals which are dangerous to the patient/client.
27. 2. Non-Verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication involves all the little things you do while you talk to a
patient/client.
It includes:
• Gesturing
• Frowning
• Showing signs of boredom or humour
• Showing signs of disgust
• Displaying signs of despise towards a client
• Nodding the head
• Shaking the head
28. 3. Barriers caused by patient/client
Let us now look at some of the barriers that may be caused by a patient/client.
These are:
• Lack of interest in being counselled
• Patient’s/client’s appearance to you (impression)
• Patient/client’s emotions