The concept of planes and axes of movement can be complex and difficult to understand. This presentation provides a graphical representation of each concept and examples of each to demonstrate each concept in a simpler manner.

1. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING
PLANES & AXES OF
MOVEMENT

2. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
The body performs
movements through a plane
and around an axis.

3. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
A plane is an imaginary
flat surface along which a
movement takes place.

4. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
SAGITTAL PLANE
A vertical plane of the
body which passes from
front to rear dividing
the body into two
symmetrical halves.

5. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
TRANSVERSE PLANE
Any horizontal plane of
the body which is
parallel to the
diaphragm; also called
the horizontal plane.

6. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
FRONTAL PLANE
Plane of the body which
passes from side to side
at right angles to the
sagittal plane; also called
the coronal plane.

7. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
An axis is an imaginary line
about which the body (or
limb) rotates.

8. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
FRONTAL
HORIZONTAL AXIS
Axis of the body that
passes horizontally from
side to side at right
angles to the sagittal
plane.
FRONTAL
HORIZONTAL
AXIS

9. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
VERTICAL AXIS
Axis of the body that
passes from head to foot
at right angles to the
transverse plane.
VERTICAL
AXIS

10. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
SAGITTAL
HORIZONTAL AXIS
Axis of the body that
passes from front to rear
lying at right angles to
the frontal plane.
SAGITTAL
HORIZONTAL
AXIS

11. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
Physical activity is
made possible by
movements and motions.

12. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
Every movement
takes place in one plane and
around one axis.

13. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
They are also categorized
by movement type.

14. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
FLEXION &
EXTENSION

15. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
FLEXION
takes place when the angle
decreases between the two
bones attached to a joint.

16. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
EXTENSION
takes place when the angle
between the two bones
attached to a joint increases.

17. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
HYPEREXTENSION
occurs when a joint is
overstretched (or bent
backwards) because of
an exaggerated extension
motion.

18. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
Both flexion and
extension occur in
the sagittal plane
about the frontal
axis.

19. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT

20. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
SPINAL EXTENSION/
SPINAL HYPEREXTENSION
SPINAL EXTENSION/
SPINAL FLEXION

21. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
SPINAL EXTENSION/
SPINAL HYPEREXTENSION
NECK EXTENSION/
NECK FLEXION

22. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
WRIST EXTENSION/
WRIST FLEXION
ELBOW EXTENSION/
ELBOW FLEXION

23. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
HIP EXTENSION/
HIP FLEXION
WRIST EXTENSION/
WRIST HYPEREXTENSION

24. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
KNEE EXTENSION/
KNEE FLEXION
HIP EXTENSION/
HIP HYPEREXTENSION

25. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXION
ANKLE DORSIFLEXION

26. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
ADDUCTION &
ABDUCTION

27. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
ADDUCTION
is a movement laterally
toward the middle of the
body.

28. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
ABDUCTION
is a movement laterally away
from the middle of the body.

29. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
Both adduction
and abduction
occur in the
frontal plane
about the sagittal
axis.

30. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT

31. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
LATERAL FLEXION
OF THE NECK
LATERAL FLEXION
OF THE SPINE

32. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
RADIAL DEVIATION
OF THE WRIST
SHOULDER ABDUCTION

33. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
HIP ABDUCTION
ULNAR DEVIATION
OF THE WRIST

34. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
ANKLE INVERSION
HIP ADDUCTION

35. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
ANKLE EVERSION

36. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
ROTATION

37. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
INTERNAL ROTATION
takes place when the front
part of the body part rotates
towards the middle
(midline) of the body.

38. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
EXTERNAL ROTATION
takes place when the front
part of the body part rotates
away from the middle
(midline) of the body.

39. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
Rotation (internal
and external)
occur in the
transverse plane
about the vertical
axis.

40. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT

41. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
ROTATION OF
THE NECK
ROTATION OF
THE SPINEROTATION
TO THE
LEFT
ROTATION
TO THE
RIGHT
ROTATION
TO THE
RIGHT
ROTATION
TO THE
LEFT

42. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
ROTATION OF
THE ARM
ROTATION OF
THE LEG
EXTERNAL
ROTATION
INTERNAL
ROTATION
EXTERNAL
ROTATION
INTERNAL
ROTATION

43. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION/
ABDUCTION OF THE SHOULDER
ROTATION OF
THE FOREARM
EXTERNAL
ROTATION
INTERNAL
ROTATION
SHOULDER
ADDUCTION
SHOULDER
ABDUCTION

44. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION/
ABDUCTION OF THE HIP
HIP
ADDUCTION
HIP
ABDUCTION

45. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
CIRCUMDUCTION
is the combination of
movements through two or
more planes of motion.

46. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT

47. Presented by
UNDERSTANDING PLANES & AXES OF MOVEMENT
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