Axees and planes
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This document discusses human body axes and planes. It defines axes as lines that movements occur around and planes as surfaces where movements take place. The three main axes are the sagittal, frontal, and vertical axes, which pass through joints and define the sagittal, frontal, and horizontal planes. Common human movements like abduction are described with reference to these axes and planes. The effect of gravity on movement in the different planes is also explained, such as how the horizontal plane allows gravity-free movement while upward movement in the vertical plane requires overcoming gravity.
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![Axes & planes
Prepared by –Dr Pankaj R jayswal
[M.P.T ORTHO]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/axeesandplanes-190331130451/85/Axees-and-planes-1-320.jpg)
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Axees and planes
- 1. Axes & planes Prepared by –Dr Pankaj R jayswal [M.P.T ORTHO]
- 2. Axes • “this is the line about which movements takes place “ • Human movements are described in relation to axis and planes.
- 3. Planes • This is the surface in which movements takes place. • Axis and planes are right angle [90 degree] to each other . • In human body ,movements occurs at joints so axis passes through joints.
- 4. frontal axis –Sagittal plane Sagittal axis –frontal plane Vertical axis – horizontal plane
- 5. Sagittal axis • Lies Parallel to Sagittal suture in skull in human body i.e. antero posterior direction • Movements about this axis is in a frontal plane .
- 7. Frontal axis • Lies parallel to the transverse suture of skull. • movement occurs in Sagittal plane.
- 8. Vertical axis • This axis lies parallel to line of gravity. • Movements occurs in horizontal plane.
- 9. human movements in relation to axis & planes • abduction/adduction at shoulder joint • flexion /extension at hip joint • Rotation movement at neck
- 11. • It is conventional and convenient to indicate the type and direction of movements of the body with reference to these axes and planes. • In many instances there is more than one axis and therefore more than one plan about that axis.
- 12. Effect of gravity in different planes and axis
- 13. Horizontal plane • Movements in this plane are not affected by gravity. “gravity free” • weak muscle which are unable to produce movement against gravity can produce movement in this plane.
- 14. Inclined plane • 2 movements –upward or downward • During upward movement ,resistance depends on force of gravity and reduce by the reaction of plane • So resistance is least when incline is nearly horizontal & increases as it approach to vertical. • downward movement is produced by force of gravity..magnitude of force increases as inclination approaches the vertical.
- 15. Vertical plane Upward movements • Muscular force > force of gravity Downward movements • Gravity force is modified at specific speed by muscular action •