This document discusses methods of movement analysis in sports biomechanics. It covers qualitative and quantitative analysis, with qualitative focusing on systematic observation and feedback to improve performance, while quantitative uses kinematic data from video analysis. The document outlines the different planes and axes of motion, and how movements are analyzed in 2D vs 3D. It also discusses important considerations for video setup and analysis, such as camera type and settings, calibration, and digitization. Common video analysis software programs are also listed.

1. METHODS OF MOVEMENTS ANALYSIS
 BANEET
SHARMA

2. INDEX

3. MOVEMENT ANALYSIS
 It is a detailed analysis of movement by
observation or with the help of advanced
technology.

4. TIME TO REVISE BASICS……

5. WHAT ALL MOVEMENTS OCCURS IN OUR BODY?

6. IN WHICH PLANES AND AXES THIS MOVEMENTS
OCCURS?

7. THREE PLANES AND THREE AXES


9. Plane Axis Movements
Sagittal Frontal axis Flexion and
extension
Frontal Sagittal axis Abduction and
adduction
Transverse Vertical axis Medial and lateral
rotation

10. SPORTS BIOMECHANICS?

11.  ‘The study and analysis of human movement
patterns in sport’.

12. WHO IS ANALYSISNG THIS MOVEMENTS?

13.  Sports biomechanists

14. WE STUDY AND ANALYZE HUMAN MOVEMENT
PATTERNS IN SPORT BUT WHY DO WE DO IT?

15.  To help people perform their chosen sporting
activity better.
• To help reduce the risk of injury.
• To educate new generations of sports
biomechanists, coaches and teachers.

16. WHO USES THIS?

17.  Teachers, coaches, athletes,
physiotherapists, gait analysts, and judges of
‘artistic’
sports, such as ice dance and gymnastics.
• ‘Performance analysts’ working with
athletes.
• Movement coordination researchers

18. METHODS OF MOVEMENTS ANALYSIS

19. TWO TYPES
QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

20. QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
 It is a systematic observation and
introspective judgment of the quality of
human movement for the purpose of
providing the most appropriate intervention to
improve performance .
(knudson and Morrison. 1996:17)

21. OBSERVATION
 Defined as the process of gathering,
organizing and giving meaning to sensory
information about human motor performance.

22. INTERVENTION
 Administration of feedback, corrections , or
other change in environment to improve
performance .

23. PERFORMANCE
 The accomplishment of a
given task measured against preset known
standards of accuracy completeness.
 Effectiveness of a person’s movement in
achieving a goal.
Qualitative analysis of
human movement Duane
V. Kundson and Morrison ;
2nd edition

24. PREPARATION
Knowledge of the activity
identify critical features goal of
the movements
OBSERVATION
Gather information from all the
senses about a movement with
a systematic observational
strategy.
Implement observational
strategy situation
EVALUATION/DIAGNOSIS
Range of correctness, strength ,
weaknesses to select the most
appropriate intervention to
improve performance
INTERVENTION
feedback, guidance,
modification ,breakdown of
complex task in to simple

25. QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
 Requires kinematic information (linear
position, velocity, acceleration of body
segments) to be obtained from video.
 Followed by intervention.

26. COMPONENTS OF MOVEMENT ANALYSIS
 planes and axis
 Technique
 Video analysis

28.  There are various angles are use to check
various injuries.
 In Frontal plane ,We can check contra lateral
pelvic drop(CPD)
Peak hip adduction angle (HADD)
Knee abduction angle (KAbd)
 Lateral

29. TECHNIQUES
 2D Analysis
 3D Analysis

30. DIFFERENCE :
2D Analysis 3D Analysis
When analyzing movements that
especially occur in a single plane , 2D
analysis is used .
If motion occurs in more than one plane,
3D technique is used.
Can be achieved by using a single
camera.
More than one cameras are required
Cost effective Very expensive
No need of Special setup . Special setup is required .
Easy & time saving method. Time consuming

31. VIDEO ANALYSIS
 Video analysis is a technology that assists
the coach in observing an athlete’s technique
and providing feedback.

32. USE OF VIDEO ANALYSIS IN SPORTS ?
Video analysis
Athletes
Improve
technique
analysis
Improve
feedback
Increase
motivation
Coaches
Improve
technique
analysis
Improve
communication
Increase
efficiency

33. COMPONENTS OF VIDEO ANALYSIS
 Initial set up
 Video system
 Camera type
 Camera settings
 Video recording procedure
 Digitization
 Scaling and reconstruction

34. VIDEO SYSTEM
 Most common standards used are NTSC and
PAL.

35. CAMERA SPECIFICATIONS
 High speed video cameras are used.
 Pixels

36. SHUTTER SPEED
 Shutter speed controls time image sensor is
exposed to light.
 Shutter: for slow movements 1/250th of
second are used
 Rapid movements 1/1000th of sec e.g.
motion of golf club around ball strike
 Focus mode, manual or automatic

38. VIDEO RECORDING PROCEDURES
 2D OR 3D

39. DURING 2D ANALYSIS
Errors : know perspective error
Error in length.
Error in angle .

40. ERROR IN LENGTH
 Object behind POM appear smaller.
 Object in front POM appear larger.
 So it can be reduced by increasing camera
distance from POM.
 ALWAYS LOCATE CAMERA AS FAR FROM
POM AS POSSIBLE TO REDUCE THIS
ERRON.

41. ERROR IN ANGLES
 Movement parallel to POM does not affects
measured angles.
 Perspective error results in angles between
segments becoming more obtuse when they
are moving out of the plane

42. CALIBRATION OF PLANE OF MOTION
 Plumb line
 Bubble level
 Optical axis needs to be oriented at 90 to the
intended plane of motion
 Can be achieve by placing a bubble level on
the top of the camera position both parallel
and perpendicular to its optical axis.

43.  The height of the center of the lens can be
measured and a marker placed in the plane
of motion at the same height .

44.  A 3-4-5 triangle can be used to ensure that
the optical axis is aligned at 90 to the plane
of motion in the horizontal plane.
 A plumb line should be used to ensure that
the apex of the triangle , or a line extending
from this point, is positioned directed directly
below the center of the lens.

45. SPECIFICATIONS
 In condition of poor lighting action should be
illuminated with extra lights positioned at
approximately 30 deg to the plane of
performance.
 Individual should wear minimal and tight
fitting clothing.
 Joint center can be marked on the skin.
 Either directly with a soluble pen or using
stickers.

46. IN 3D ANALYSIS
 Two or more cameras should be used to film
the activity.
 Ideally their optical axes should intersect at
approximately 90 deg but this angle can
range between 60 to 120 degree.

47. DIGITIZING
 It is a process of placing an imaginary grid
over the video field or image with the number
of coordinates as pixels.
 The no of x and y coordinates that form the
digitizing grid is known as the resolution of
the digitizing system .

48. SCALING AND RECONSTRUCTION
 Digitized coordinates need to be converted
into real life horizontal and vertical positions
of body landmarks referred to as scaling

49. Program
Country Computer
platform
Dartfish TM Swiss PC
DV Coach TM US PC
V1TM US PC
Neat TM US PC
Quintic TM US PC
Silicon Coach TM US PC
Sports Coach TM US PC
Swinger TM Australian PC
SportsCode TM Astralian apple
Current technique-analysis software programs available

50. REFERENCES
 P.Grishaw & A.Burden
 Roger_Bartlett_Introduction_to_Sports_Biom
echani.