FOR PHYSIOTHHERAPY STUDENTS

1. AXIS AND PLANES
Made by –dr. bharti pawar

2. AXES
This is a line about which movements takes place.”
Human movements are described in relation to axis and planes.

3. PLANES
• This is the surface in which movements takes
place.
• Axis and planes are right angle(90 degree) to each other.
• In the human body, movements occurs at joints so axis passes
Through joints.

4. Sagittal axis –frontal plane
frontal axis –sagittal plane
vertical axis – horizontal plane

5. sagittal axis
• Lies parallel to sagittal suture in
skull in human body i.e. Antero
posterior direction.
• Movements about this axis is in
a frontal plane.

7. Frontal axis
• Lies parallel to the
transverse suture
of skull .
• Movements occurs
in sagittal plane.

8. vertical axis
• This axis lies parallel to line of
gravity.
• Movements occurs in
horizontal

9. Human movements in relation to axis &planes
• Abduction /adduction at shoulder joint.
• Flexion/extension at hip joint.
• Rotation movement at neck.

11. • It is conventional and convenient to indicate the type and direction of
Movements of the body with reference to these axes and planes.
• In many instances there Is more than one axis and therefore more than
one plan about the axis.

13. Horizontal plane
• Movements in this plane are
not affected by gravity. "gravity
free.”
• Weak muscle which are unable
to produce movements against
can produce movement in this
plane.

14. Inclined plane
• 2 movements-upwards or downward.
• During upward movement, resistance
depends on force of gravity and reduce
by the reaction of plane.
• So resistance is least when incline is
nearly horizontal &increase as it
approach to vertical.
• Downward movement is produce by
force of gravity. Magnitude of force
increases as inclination approaches the
vertical.

15. vertical plane
Upward movements Downward movements
Muscular force> gravity force is modified
Force of gravity at specific speed by
muscular action.

16. THANK YOU!!!!!!
• Made by-dr.bharti pawar.