The concept of planes and axes of movement can be complex and difficult to understand. This presentation provides a graphical representation of each concept and examples of each to demonstrate each concept in a simpler manner.
Role of Physiotherapist in Sports
Physiotherapy: Meaning
Physiotherapists
Sports Physiotherapy
Need of Physiotherapy
Aim of Physiothearpy
Role of Physiotherapists
Pre-Competition
During Competition
Post Competition
General Role
Neuromuscular Adaptations to Sports Training Jill Costley
Neuromuscular Adaptations to Sports Training from my Undergrad Strength and Conditioning placement at the Sports Institute of Northern Ireland. Outcomes: 1) Understand the role of the brain and nervous system in relation to motor control 2) Understand the basic structure of a muscle fibre 3) Appreciate the implications and effects of training on the neuromuscular system. Hope it's useful to someone. Any critical feedback is welcome.
Description:
In this presentation, we delve into the intricate world of anatomy, demystifying complex terminology to provide a clear understanding of the human body's structure and function. From the basics of anatomic position to directional terms, body movements, and the significance of avoiding eponyms, we break down essential concepts for students and healthcare professionals alike. Through engaging visuals and simplified explanations, participants will gain a comprehensive grasp of anatomic terminology, empowering them to communicate effectively and navigate the intricacies of medical practice with confidence. Join us on a journey to master anatomy and elevate your understanding of the human body.
The concept of planes and axes of movement can be complex and difficult to understand. This presentation provides a graphical representation of each concept and examples of each to demonstrate each concept in a simpler manner.
Role of Physiotherapist in Sports
Physiotherapy: Meaning
Physiotherapists
Sports Physiotherapy
Need of Physiotherapy
Aim of Physiothearpy
Role of Physiotherapists
Pre-Competition
During Competition
Post Competition
General Role
Neuromuscular Adaptations to Sports Training Jill Costley
Neuromuscular Adaptations to Sports Training from my Undergrad Strength and Conditioning placement at the Sports Institute of Northern Ireland. Outcomes: 1) Understand the role of the brain and nervous system in relation to motor control 2) Understand the basic structure of a muscle fibre 3) Appreciate the implications and effects of training on the neuromuscular system. Hope it's useful to someone. Any critical feedback is welcome.
Description:
In this presentation, we delve into the intricate world of anatomy, demystifying complex terminology to provide a clear understanding of the human body's structure and function. From the basics of anatomic position to directional terms, body movements, and the significance of avoiding eponyms, we break down essential concepts for students and healthcare professionals alike. Through engaging visuals and simplified explanations, participants will gain a comprehensive grasp of anatomic terminology, empowering them to communicate effectively and navigate the intricacies of medical practice with confidence. Join us on a journey to master anatomy and elevate your understanding of the human body.
Planes of body and Anatomical terms
The anatomical position is the standard reference orientation of the human body.
It is used to provide a clear and consistent mechanism of describing the location of structures
In the anatomical position, the body is upright, directly facing the observer, feet flat and directed forward. The upper limbs are at the body's sides with the palms facing forward.
Sagittal plane
The sagittal plane is a vertical plane which passes through the body longitudinally. It divides the body into a left section and a right section.
A specific sagittal plane is the median sagittal plane – which passes down the midline of the body, separating it into equal halves
Median plane (midsagital plane)
This is a vertical plane that divides the right and left sides of the body lengthwise along with midline into externally symmetrical section.
Coronal plane (frontal plane)
Any vertical side to side plane at right angles to the median plane is called coronal plane.
Transverse plane (horizontal plane)
The transverse plane is a horizontal plane. It is perpendicular to both the sagittal and coronal planes, and parallel to the ground.
If the body is divide into upper and lower section is called transverse plane.
The plane is at right angle to median, sagittal, and coronal planes.
Anatomical Terms of Position
Superior (cranial): Towards the head or upper part of the body; above
Inferior (caudal): Away from the head or toward the lower part of the body; below
Ventral (anterior): Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
Dorsal (posterior): Toward or at the back of the body; behind
Medial: Toward or at the midline of the body
Lateral: Away from the midline of the body
Proximal: Closer to the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal: Away from the origin of a body part or point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Superficial (external): Toward or at the body surface
Deep (internal): Away from the body surface
Palmer: Refer to anterior surface of hand.
Planter: Refer to anterior surface of the foot.
Terms of Movement
Flexion: Refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. Flexion at the elbow is decreasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus
Extension: refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts. Extension at the elbow is increasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus
Abduction: is action of moving the limb away from the median plane of the body.
Adduction: is a movement towards the midline. Adduction of the hip squeezes the legs together.
Rotation: Rotation is a movement of body part around its own long axis.
When the interior surface rotate medially the movement is called medial rotation. And if the interior surface rotate laterally the movement is called lateral rotation.
Circumduction: When a part
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. OBJECTIVES
At the end of lecture students will going to understand:
Kinesiology definition.
Different aspects of kinesiology.
Anatomical positions.
Planes
Basic movement.
3. KINESIOLOGY
the study of movement.
KINETICS:
those forces causing movement
KINEMATICS:
those time, space, and mass aspects of a moving system.
4. ANATOMICAL POSITIONS
the human body standing in an upright position, eyes facing
forward, feet parallel and close together, arms at the sides of the
body with the palms facing forward.
FUNDAMENTAL POSITION:
is the same as the anatomical position except that the palms face
the sides of the body. This position is often used in discussing rotation
of the upper extremity.
5.
6. PLANE AND AXIS
A plane is an imaginary flat surface running through the body.
An axis is an imaginary line at the right angle to the plane, about
which the body rotates or spins.
The body and its segments move in planes of motion around axes of
motion.
These planes of motion are called cardinal planes of motion.
The three axes around which these planes rotate,in physics
terms,are x,y,and z.
7. CONTI…
The x or medial-lateral axis runs side to side and is located in the
frontal plane
The y or vertical axis runs up and down or superior-inferior and is in a
transverse plane.
And the z or anterior-posterior axis runs from front to back and is in
the sagittal plane.
8.
9.
10. FRONTAL PLANE
The frontal plane is also known as the coronal
plane.
So named because it is parallel to the frontal
bone along the coronal skull suture.
This plane divides the body into front and back
parts.
It rotates around an axis that is perpendicular to
it: the anterior-posterior axis.
11. CONTI…
Motions that occur within the frontal plane are:
Abduction and adduction
Ulnar and radial deviation
Lateral flexion or bending (neck,trunk)
12.
13. SAGITTAL PLANE
The sagittal plane is so named because it is
parallel to the sagittal suture of the skull.
Dividing the body into right and left sides.
MOTION IN SAGITAL PLANE:
Flexion
Extension
14.
15. HORIZONTAL PLANE
The horizontal or transverseplane is so named
because it is parallel to the horizon and the floor.
It divides the body into upper and lower parts.
Rotations occur in this plane around a
longitudinal or y-axis.
Motions that occur within the transverse plane
are:
Medial and lateral rotation
Pronation and supination
Eversion and inversion
16.
17.
18. BASIC MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Anterior: Toward or on the front of the body.
Posterior: Towards or on the back of the body.
Superior or cephalad: Toward the head or upper part of a structure.
Inferior or caudal: Toward the lower part of a structure.
Medial: Toward or at the midline of the body.
Lateral: Away form the midline of the body.
Proximal: Closer to the origin of a point of reference.
Distal: Further from the origin or point of reference.
19. BASIC MOVEMENTS
Flexion: is the bending movement of one bone on another, causing
a decrease in the joint angle.
Extension: is the straightening movement of one bone from another
causing an increase of the joint angle.
Abduction is movement away from the midline of the body.
Adduction is movement toward the midline.
Circumduction is motion that describes a circular, cone-shaped
pattern.
It involves a combination of four joint motions: (1) flexion, (2)
abduction, (3) extension, and (4) adduction.
20. ROTATION MOVEMENT
Rotation is movement of a bone or part around its longitudinal axis.
Medial rotation:
If the anterior surface moves inward toward the midline. This is
sometimes referred to as internal rotation.
lateral rotation or external rotation:
If the anterior surface moves outward away from the midline.
