The document provides information about warping processes. It discusses different types of warping machines including beam warping machines and sectional warping machines. It describes the components and functions of the creel and headstock. The creel holds supply packages in position for warping while the headstock contains mechanisms to control yarn speed and tension, and to wind the yarn onto the beam. Sectional warping is preferred for multi-colored warps as it develops the warp width in sections rather than all at once like beam warping. Control devices and stop motions are used to monitor for yarn breaks during warping.
Hairiness is characterized by the quantity of freely moving fibre ends or fibre loops projecting from a yarn or textile fabric (woven, knitted or non woven fabrics).
In term of measurement Hairiness corresponds to the total length of the protruding fibres in unit length of one centimeter.
Hairiness is characterized by the quantity of freely moving fibre ends or fibre loops projecting from a yarn or textile fabric (woven, knitted or non woven fabrics).
In term of measurement Hairiness corresponds to the total length of the protruding fibres in unit length of one centimeter.
You can find the diffences between mechanical and electronical dobby mechanisms in principle in this presentation.
Also , you can reach the details of dobby mechanisms type like as of single , double and negative dobby systems.
In the last two decades, spectacular progress has been made in the field of weaving technology and the most significant being the replacement of convectional looms by shuttleless looms for increasing productivity and quality of the end product. New developments in weaving have taken place in such a direction, which ensures reduced time, energy and cost involved. Heavy mechanical parts are now being replaced with electronic or microprocessor controlled alternatives.
Ring, rotor, compact, air-jet and other forms of spinning are discussed in this presentation along with Illustrations. the crisp and clear explanation helps in understanding the basic know how of advance methods of spinning
You can find the diffences between mechanical and electronical dobby mechanisms in principle in this presentation.
Also , you can reach the details of dobby mechanisms type like as of single , double and negative dobby systems.
In the last two decades, spectacular progress has been made in the field of weaving technology and the most significant being the replacement of convectional looms by shuttleless looms for increasing productivity and quality of the end product. New developments in weaving have taken place in such a direction, which ensures reduced time, energy and cost involved. Heavy mechanical parts are now being replaced with electronic or microprocessor controlled alternatives.
Ring, rotor, compact, air-jet and other forms of spinning are discussed in this presentation along with Illustrations. the crisp and clear explanation helps in understanding the basic know how of advance methods of spinning
Knitting 2 sum For Fabric Very ImportantSadia Textile
Types of warp knitting m/c:
Two major classes of warp knitting m/cs:-
1. Tricot warp knitting m/c
2. Raschel warp knitting m/c.
Features Tricot warp knitting m/c:
In the past, tricot m/cs mainly employed bearded needles with a pressure bar
Tricot m/cs have a gauge expressed in needle per inch and chain link numbering 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. generally with three links per course
Their sinkers, which are joined to each other at the front and back, never move clear of the needles as they combine the functions of holding down, knocking over and supporting the fabric
The fabric is drawn-away towards the batching roller almost at right angles to the needles bar
Drawframe is one of the important machines in yarn spinning line. It is prepared for combining and drawing slivers and removing card irregularities of textile fibres.
every natural fiber has unique textile property like Strength elongation and length. these properties are important for making yarn and fabric in the textile industry.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. Objective of warping
o The objective of warping process is to convert the yarn
packages into a warper’s beam having desired width and
containing requisite number of ends.
oThe yarns are would onto the warper’s beam in the form of a
sheet composed of parallel bands of yarns each coming out from
a package placed on the creel.
2
5. Direct or Beam Warping
Machine
It produces the warper beams that are combined together as a
single weavers beam in the next process of sizing.
A warpers beam may contain 500-1000 ends.
Direct warping is suitable for grey or mono-colored warps that
require sizing.
Components of Warping Machine are:
Creel;
Headstock;
Control devices.
5
9. CREEL:
1. Cone Holder : Hold the cone or arrange the cone in the
creel.
2. Yarn Guide : To guide the yarn.
3. Tension Rod : Maintain yarn tension by upper & lower disc
tensioner.
4. Ceramic Guide Disc : To guide the yarn from creel to warping m/c.
5. Auto Stop Sensor : To sense the breakage yarn.
6. Creel Panel Board : Display where the yarn break.
9
10. Head Stock :
1. Guide Reed : Uniformly spread the yarn over the warp width.
2. Adjustable V-Reed : Guides the yarn to follow the fixed path.
3. Speed Controller : control the speed, crawl speed or full speed.
4. Pressure Roller : Exert required pressure to the warp yarn.
5. Measuring Device : Measures the length of the yarn.
6. Beam Bracket : Holds the warp beam.
7. Emergency Stop Device : For emergency stop.
8. Automatic Knock Off : Stop m/c at achieving required length of beam or in
case of yarn breaks.
9. Electrical Panel Board : To give the automatic controlled function.
10
11. Creel
Creel is a stand for holding the supply packages in the form of wound
packages.
It enables to hold the supply packages in proper position for warping.
No single type of creel can give the same beaming efficiency for
different types of yarns.
Different types of creels are:
• V-creel; • Magazine creel;
• Rectangular creel; • Automatic Creels;
• Truck creel ; • Special Creels.
• Continuous chain creels
11
14. This type of creel is in V-shaped.
It consists of wooden pegs horizontally to hold the supply
package.
This is arranged so that the apex is in line with the centre of the
machine.
The arm of this V-shaped wooden frame diverges on both sides
from its apex.
It enables the ends to be with drawn easily from the supply
package without touching or getting entangled with one another
during passing to the back reed of the head stock of the machine.
V- Creels
14
16. It is rectangular in shape.
Frames are provided with pegs to hold supply packages
horizontally.
Frames can be increased to accommodate more number of
supply packages & vice versa.
Each frame consists of thread guides, indicator lamps etc.
It is mostly used in slow speed warping machine.
Rectangular Creels
16
18. It utilizes Trucks or Mobile package carrier units.
Each unit consists of number of columns & tiers on either side
and can be inserted on the axis of the creel frame to become a
part of the creel.
Tension units are positioned in relation to the packages , & the
unit is movable.
Trucks can be creeled to the winding machine & thereby
minimize handling of the supply package provided there are
sufficient number of trucks.
This system is not cost effective as many trucks are required.
Truck Creel
18
20. First used by Barber Coleman & Co.
Creel is in the form of 2 arms that form acute angle with each
other.
These carry an endless chain that moves the column of supply
package holders & tension units into working position.
It also moves the exhausted package away from the working
position, enabling creel changes in short time(15 mins).
Creel is being transferred from creeling position to running
position.
The creel also has free space to accommodate storage of
packages/ creel trolleys.
Continuous Chain Creel
20
23. In magazine creel, the tail end of the yarn from one cone is tied
with the tip of the yarn of another neighboring cone.
When the first cone is exhausted, the transfer to the second
cone takes place automatically and machine does not stop.
Thus the creeling time is completely eliminated which helps to
improve the running efficiency.
However, due to sudden change in unwinding position and
tension variation associated with this, some of the yarns break
during the transfer (known as transfer failure).
The magazine creel has reduced capacity. If the creel has 1000
package holders, then the warp sheet can actually have 500 ends.
Magazine Creel
23
25. In swivelling creel, the pegs with full packages can move
from inside (reserve) position to the outside (working)
position when the running packages are exhausted.
Thus considerable time is saved.
Then the operator replaces the exhausted packages with
full packages when the machine is running.
Swivelling Creel
25
26. Automatic Creel
More sophisticated creel and used for modern warping
machines.
Basically a truck creel with automatic chain loading &
unloading & is designed to reduce the creel change time.
The yarn is threaded by an operative, from the supply package
simultaneously through tension device & break detector & then
gather all warp threads from 1 tension column, & twist them
together before locating them in a holder on a threading truck.
As the thread is pushed forward; it automatically threads &
separates the end according to creels , tiers & columns.
It requires shortest creel change time.
26
28. Unrolling Creels
In situation in which elastic materials are being warped
in section onto warp beams from individual bobbins, an
even yarn tension can only be achieved using a positive
thread feed.
Cylindrical bobbins on one or more rollers that are
turning synchronously in the same direction are
unwound tangentially.
28
30. Brake & Stop Motion
In order to stop the heavy warping beam rotating at high
speed , a very efficient brake is required.
Brake may be operated by mechanical, hydraulic or
electrical devices & is fitted at the head stock or at the
creel.
Mechanical is used in conventional machines & electrical
devices are used in modern machines.
30
31. Function of components of creel:
1. Cone or cheese spindle for high speed warping.
2. Thread guide: To pass through the yarn in the reqd way.
3. Tensioner: To keep the yarn always in a uniform tension.
4. Yarn cleaner: To remove various faults of yarn like slubs, neps etc.
5. Suction fan or blower: To remove the dirt & dust from the yarn.
6. Breakage indicator: To indicate breakage in package.
7. Stop device: To stop the m/c when yarn will be broken.
FUNCTION OF COMPONENTS OF CREEL
31
33. Features of components of headstock:
1. Adjustable or variable v-reed or wraith: To control the width of the warp
beam.
2. Measuring & making device: Measure the amount of warp yarn on the
beam & marks the yarn.
3. Yarn speed controlling device: To control the speed of yarn.
4. Pneumatic pressure unit: To press the warp beam with the surface contact
of driving drum.
5. Break assembly: It stop the m/c after read length is wound on beam.
6. Driving drum: Beam is in contact & control with driving drum.
7. Stop motion: Used to stop the m/c after read length is wound on beam.
8. Beam bracket: To support & hold the beam.
9. Lease rod: Used for separation of yarn individually.
HEAD STOCK
33
35. Control device:
Similar to winding, warp yarns are threaded through tension devices , stop
motions, leasing rods and the reed. The stop motion electrically links each
warp end to the warper braking system; when a warp end breaks, the warper
stops. A light indicates the location of the broken end. The warping process is
generally irreversible, unwinding, of the beam would cause yarn entanglement.
The stop motion device which can be mechanical or electronic for quick
response, is usually located near the creel. Fans are used to prevent lint
accumulation when warping staple yarns.
35
38. Sectional warping is preferred over beam warping for multi-
colored warp. Here the entire width of the warping drum is
not developed simultaneously. It is developed section by
section.
Also used for double/grey or mono-colored warps that do
not require sizing.
Here a weavers beam is produced, where as sizing beam is
produced in direct warping .
Sectional Warping Machine
38
39. In case of single colored yarns, the yarns are sized and then
wound on the beam.
The yarn is wound in sections & each section has particular
width.
Thus the total number of warp ends for the weavers beam
are divided into suitable number of sections on the warping
drum.
Sectional Warping Machine
39
41. Passage of the Yarn
Cone/Cheese are placed on a V-shaped creel or a semi-circular
creel depending upon whether stop motion is used or not.
The yarn from the creel passes through the back reed. Reed
maintains uniform spacing of the yarn throughout the width of
the warp.
Then yarn passes over & under guide & drop rollers. The drop
rollers impart tension to the yarn passing under them & holds the
yarn tight when the machine is stopped.
41
42. Passage of the Yarn
Then yarn goes through the leasing reed. The use of reed is to
form an end to end lease at the start & completion of each
section.
Each end of the warp passes separately inserted in the warp at
the completion of one section of warp & reed is lowered.
The purpose of the leasing is to wind as well as unwind the
warp without any entanglements between threads to distribute
evenly.
42
43. The yarn then goes through a stop motion device which stops
the machine in the event of the end breakage in supply.
Yarn then passes through the V-reed which enables the width of
the warp through it to be adjusted according to sections.
The yarn then passes through the measuring roller & is wound
on the wooden block called Swift.
After winding pre-determined length of yarn, leasing is carried
out & next section winding is done.
Passage of the Yarn
43
46. Leasing: It is a system by which the position of the ends is maintained in the
warp sheet. Generally it is done by grouping the ends in two groups (odd and
even). If odd ends are passing over the lease rods then the even ends will pass
below the rod. The relative positions of the ends will reverse in case of second
lease rod.
Expandable reed: It is used to control the spacing between consecutive ends.
The two limbs of V shaped expandable reed can be expanded or collapsed as
per the required spacing of ends.
Beaming system: In the beaming process, all the sections are simultaneously
transferred to the flanged warper’s beam. The drum is rotated by the tension of
warp sheet where as positive drives are given to the warper’s beam. The speed
of beaming process in sectional warping is quite slow (around 300 m/min).
Sequence of Sectional Warping
46
48. Comparison between Beam &
Sectional Warping
Beam warping Sectional warping
Used for high volume
production
Used for small volume and
customised production (stripes
and specialised yarns)
One step process Two step process
High creel capacity is required Low creel capacity is sufficient
Comparatively less expensive Comparatively more expensive
Beaming speed is high Beaming speed is low
Better control over the tension
of individual yarns
Lesser control over the tension
of individual yarns
More popular Less popular
48
49. Warper Beam Defects
Sunken Ends : Some of the warp ends of a layer can get
submerged in the next inner layers.
Cause :
• Flanges get damaged due to improper handling of the beam &
unsatisfactory storage condition and hence unwinding becomes
difficult.
Remedies:
•Care should be taken of the beam & it should be stored in beam
racks. Preferably cushioning seats between beams.
49
50. Lapped end
Cause:
The broken end of yarn is not tied to the end on the warp beam & overlaps the
adjoining yarn. The beam is not properly brake & the signal hook fails to
operate.
Remedies:
Tying the broken end to the end on the warp beam.
Proper signal hook.
Piecing
Cause:
One broken end is pieced to another yarn end on the warping beam.
Remedies:
By proper joining.
Warper Beam Defects
50
51. Soft ends on the warping beam
Cause:
Breakage of a group of ends & piecing them in bundle or by lapping. This
defect is caused by the careless of the operator.
Remedies:
Careful operation.
Broken end should be piece up properly.
Incorrect form of build
Cause:
Caused by non uniform spreading of ends in the guide reed & its improper
setting & conical winding in case of non uniform pressure of the warping
beam.
Remedies:
Uniform spreading of ends.
Appropriate setting.
Warper Beam Defects
51
52. Slacks & irregular yarn tension
Cause:
It happens due to any one of these reasons- improper threading of the
yarn into the tension devices, ejection of yarn from under the disc of
the yarn tensioning device, or yarn tension devices of poor quality.
Remedies:
Proper threading of tension device.
Good quality of tension device.
Broken ends on the beam
Cause:
A group of ends is broken & tied as a brunch or worked-in with
overlapping.
Remedies:
Broken ends should be removed.
.
Warper Beam Defects
52
53. Conical winding on the beam
Cause:
It occurs due to incorrect load applied by the pressure roller.
Remedies:
Correct load applied.
Improper length of warping
Cause:
It is due to malfunction of the counter & the brakes of the measuring
device & warp beams.
Remedies:
Good measuring device
Warper Beam Defects
53