1. Recent developments in blowroom machinery aim to improve fiber opening, cleaning, and preparation for downstream processes. Automatic bale openers, mote knives with suction, and optical/acoustic sorters help remove contaminants. 2. Modern carding achieves a high degree of cleaning, around 90-95%. Developments include improved feeding, multiple taker-ins, post-carding cleaning, and auto-leveling for more consistent sliver quality. 3. Drawframe developments enhance sliver evenness and blending through automatic break draft setting, tension measuring, and short-term auto-leveling. Cameras also monitor sliver quality. 4. Simplex/speed frame innovations

1. Recent Development of Blownroom
• Rieter Automatic Bale
OpenerRieter UNIflocA 11 consists of a single
plucking roller known as take-off roller.
Thetake-off roller and narrow grid cause a
small tuft size. These rollers can be usedfor
the processing of manmade and cotton fibers.
The laydown material is regularlymeasured
the profile by automatic bale opener.
Object of Blownroom
• Fibre opening
• Cleaning
• Mixing and Belding
• Preparation of feed for the next
stage.
In the present day, the blowroom process spinning
technology has undergone a large significant
degree of changes in terms of recovery of good
fibers, degree of opening, the intensity of cleaning,
reduced the number of machines, and removal of a
large amount of contaminants. The quality of yarn
depends upon the detection and removal of
contaminants from cotton lint.
Blownroom

2. •Automatic Bale Opener(BLENDOMATBO-A)
Trutzschlers BLENDOMAT BO-A is fixed of with
two plucking rollers with oppositerotating
directions, but according to the travel
direction of the machine at a time, theone
plucking roller is raised while other is
working. The plucking roller strips offthe
tufts by penetrating the bale surface while
the three supporting rollers give a firmgrip
over the bales.
• Mote Knife with Suction in Place of Grid
barIn pre-carding and post carding zone
The trend of using mote-knife with an open
slotwas initially incorporated on a carding
machine; nowadays, the same principle is
alsoadopted by Trutzschler in cleaning
machine on blowroom.

3. Colour and other impurities
The cotton, when it reaches the mill, it
consists of natural as well as added contam-
inants. These contaminants can be removed
either manually or mechanically. The
machine sorting has great advantageous
over manual sorting; it reduces the time
does not depend upon the workers'
sincerity. Thus modern blowroom line
incorporates the machines which eliminate
the impurities.
• Rieter Vision Shield, Metal Shield, Fire
Shield,and the Combo Shield
The Rieter blowroom line is fitted with a metal
shield, fire shield, vision shield, and Combo
Shield of JOSSI System AG for detecting the
foreign particles. The function of the vision
shield is for identifying and eliminating the
foreign fibers, and metalshield detects any
metal particles through signal processing
and sensors.

4. • Loptex Optosonic Sorter
The machine is equipped with Optical Sensors
for detecting the colored contaminantsand
colorless materials through Acoustic
Sensors. The raw material is firstly passed in
front of acoustic sensors and after optical
sensors. Acoustic sensors emit the
Ultrasonic waves, and compact surface like
plastic detects the contamination and
reflecting the waves into the receiver.

5. 4. The degree of cleaning achieved by modern card is
very high, in the range of 90 -95%. Thus, the overall
degree of cleaning achieved by the blow-room and
carding room together is as high as 95 -99%. Card
sliver still contains 0.05 - 0.03% of foreign matter.
5. Elimination of dust, which are bound to the fibers.
Significant fiber/metal and fiber/fiber friction is
needed in order to loosen such particles, this are
available in carding operation.
6. Thus the recent development in the carding
machine, are carried out to produce better sliver. The
following sections discuss some of the recent
development in the carding machine.
Carding:
1.Carding is the 'Heart' of Spinning.
2.Opening to individual fibers, this enables
elimination of impurities from fiber and
performance of other operations.
3. Elimination of impurities occurs mainly in the
region of the taker-in.

6. Recent Development of Carding
Machine:
1. Chute feed System,
2. Pre- Carding Zone,
3. Multiple Taker-in (Licker-in),
4. Carding Zone,
5. Post Carding Zone,
6.Suction System,
7. Wab Doffing Device,
8. Auto leveling, and
9. Coiler & Can Changer.
Mainly three company are produced card in
worldwide.
1. Rieter (International)
2. Laxmi Machinery Works (India)
3. Truetzschler (Germany)

7. OBJECTIVES OF DRAWFRAME
1. To improve the EVENNESS,UNIFORMITY of
the sliver.
2. To make perfect blending of the
component.
3. To parallelize the fibre of card sliver and
align them to the axis of the sliver through
drafting process.
RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF DRAWFRAME •
Auto break draft setting
Incorrect break draft increases yarn U%. When
there are imperfections and neps, the total
draft does not affect yarn quality much. So
break draft plays a very significant role in yarn
quality and must be set correctly.

8. • Tension measuring system
the card sliver is fed to the draw frame , there is a long
path to travel . So on way there will be tension
variations due to friction forces and weight of the sliver.
To avoid these tension variations there are tension
measuring sensors to detect and adjust the roller
speeds according to it.
• Short-term auto levelers
In principle, leveling takes place in the entire
speed range of the drawframe. Even when
reducing speed before and during run-up
after a can change, short-term leveling
(SERVO DRAFT) remains in operation. Due to
this each meter of draw frame sliver has its
optimum quality.
• USE A CAMERA TO MONITOR THE SLIVER QUALITY
This is used to monitor the output sliver
behalf on quality aspects such as arrangement
, fibre imperfections and irregularities. When
there is an imperfection, the machine is
automatically adjusted to eliminate by varying
the machine speed etc...

9. i
• Simple and automatic adjustment of drafting zone
widths
The drafting system rolls are precisely positioned on parallel
guides. Since the nip distance can be set by reading on a dial, it
is not necessary to use any gauges. Top roll support, top rolls
and bottom cylinders are firmly connected to each other and
are automatically adjusted as well. Due to a special belt guide, it
is not necessary to tension again the belts after readjustment.
• FAULT LOCATION INDICATION LAMP SUCH AS,
RED - when red lamp is on , Then machine will be stop.
GREEN - If green lamp will appear, then there must be broke
lapping sliver.
YELLOW - Can fulfill.

10. Speed Frame/Simplex Introduction
Simplex is an intermediate machine that used
between the draw frame and the ring frame. It
is also called speed frame or roving frame. The
main purpose of this machine is to produce
the roving package for the ring frame.

11. Objects of Simplex Machine:
• Attenuation of drawn sliver to form
roving of required count by drafting.
• Insert small amount of twist to
increase the roving strength.
• To wind the twisted roving on to the
bobbin.
• To remove remaining trash from the
drawn sliver.
• To produce a suitable roving for the
next process or ring frame.
Recent Developments of Simplex Machine:
Among the machines of spinning mill developments of
simplex have done the least. It adds the production
cost of the yarn. But still several developments have
done for the simplex.

12. Improved Drafting System:
• Modern double-apron systems exist in 3 over
4-cylinder versions. The 4-cylinder version is
usually operated with a low draft in the final
drafting zone. This may slightly reduce
roving hairiness. Only double apron
arrangements enable drafts of 20 while
holding the fibers more or less under
control during their movements.

13. • Higher Flyer Speed:
• Earlier flyers were invariably made of
steel, but they are now mostly made of
light alloy. At the high speeds currently
considered normal steel flyers would
spread at the legs considerably. Modern
flyer speed maximum 2000 rpm, 1000-
1500 rpm is commonly used.
• Roving Bobbin Transport System:
Transporting individual roving bobbins
manually from the simplex to the ring spinning
machine is labor-intensive and often results in
damage to the roving. For this problem roving
bobbin transport system is available for
bobbin transport from roving frame to ring
spinning machine.
1. Elimination of manual bobbin handling.
2. Elimination of intermediate storage, which
can result in damage, soiling and aging of the
roving.
3. Elimination of the likelihood of confusion
between different roving bobbins.
• Automatic Doffing:

14. Fig: Roving Bobbin Transport System Cost:
Space saving
2.Labor savings of up to 25% compared to
manual bobbin transport by reducing physical
effort, reducing the distance covered by
operating personnel.
• Roving Stop Motions:
Monitoring at the delivery of the drafting
arrangement can also be performed by light
barriers. In this case, the light beam is usually
directed straight past the flyer tops. In the
event of a roving break, the broken roving end
whirls around the flyer top or so-called
'hoods' form at the flyer top. This interrupts
the light beam and causes the machine to be
stopped.

15. • False Twister:
False twisters are used on the flyers to add
false twist when the roving is being twisted
between the front roller and the flyer.
• Electronic Driving System:
In multi-motor drive system, drafting rollers,
flyers, bobbins and bobbin rail are driven
directly by individual servomotors and are
synchronized throughout package build by the
control system.
Predetermined Set Length:
Machine stops automatically after a
predetermined length of roving is wound on
the bobbin.

16. :
Objects Of Ring Spinning Frame
Following are the core objects of ring
spinning-
1.To draft the roving fed to the ring frame.
2.To impact the strength to the fibre strand by
twisting.
3. To wind up the resulting yarn on to bobbin.
4.To build up the yarn on to bobbin in form of
a suitable for storage, transportation and
processing
Ring Frame

17. Recent Developments in Ring Frame In Different Zones
Zones in Ring Frame:
There are totally four types of zones.
1. Creel zone
2. Drafting zone
3. Twisting zone
4. Winding zone
.
Advantages:
Reduction in maintenance costs.
Easy creeling.
Space saving as because most of the
creel bars are not used.
Disadvantages:
Higher initial cost.
1. Creel zone
Umbrella creel:

18. Automatic transfer of roving bobbins from
roving frame to ring frame.
No deterioration in roving quality due to
storage and handling.
Better yarn quality.
Automatic roving transfer:
2. Drafting zone
Drafting System:
In conventional system,
All gear driven.
Difficulty with setting alteration.
Needs to change gears when some
parameters to be changed, Example–
draft, twist

19. Automated drafting system:
1.All rollers driven by individual
motors, controlled by individual
drives.
2.Possible to alter draft and twist
from the key pad. Fine turning of twist
& draft adjustments possible.
3.Interfacing & drive communication
through and other types of protocols
make controls simple and very
accurate.
3. Twisting zones:
Orbit ring:
The orbit ring / traveller system is designed
for spinning at top speeds whilst producing
best yarn quality.
SU ring:
The SU ring / traveller system is suitable for
the processing of synthetics spinning at top
speeds whilst producing best yarn quality.

20. Automatic doffing:
1. Used to make the doffing function
automated
2. It has the main components
Doffing Beam unit
Servo Disc Belt
ROBO DOFF unit
1.The doffer transfers the full cops to the
SERVO disc transport system, which
conveys them either to the transfer station
of the winder or to the fully automated
ROBO load tube loader.
2.The SERVO disc prevents tilting and
thus ensure smooth transport, while the
machine already resumes yarn production.

21. . Reference
1. McIntyre, J. E., & Daniels, P. N. (1995).
Textile terms and definitions.
2. Lawrence, C. A. (2010). Overview of
developments in yarn spinning technology.
In Lawrence,C. A. (Ed), Advances in Yarn
spinning technology (pp. 3-41). Woodhead
Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857090218.1.
3.
3. Rengasamy, R. S. (2010). Developments
in ring-spinning. In Lawrence, C.A. (Ed.),
Advancesin Yarn spinning technology (pp.
193-216).Woodhead Publishing.
https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857090218.2.
193.
4. Lawrence, C. A. (2003). Fundamentals of
spun yarn technology. USA: CRC Press.
5. Singh, R., & Kothari, V. (2009).
Developments in blowroom, card &
drawframe. Indian TextileJournal, 3, 23-
31.6. Klein, W. (1987). Practical guide to
opening and carding. Textile
Institute