The document provides examples of how to transform simple, compound, and complex sentences. It lists 29 types of sentence transformations with an example of the original sentence structure and the transformed structures. For each type, the original sentence is shown along with two ways to transform it - by changing grammar, words, or word order. The transformations help simplify complex sentences or make simple sentences more sophisticated.
Elliptical structure
Elliptical structure is joining two sentences which have same predicate and object to make it shorter by omitting a part of sentences without change the meaning.
A. Two positive statements that have same predicate (including object and complement) can be arranged as follows:
Pattern:
Positive sentence, and + Subject + auxiliary + too
Positive sentence, and + so + auxiliary + Subject.
Here are some of the examples:
• He is busy. I am busy.
= > He is busy, and I am too.
= > He is busy, and so am I.
• You bought a new book. She bought a new book.
= > You bought a new book, and she did too.
= > You bought a new book, and so did she.
• John likes swimming. Maria likes swimming.
= > John likes swimming, and Maria does too.
= > John likes swimming, and so does Maria.
• Budi has written it. I have written it.
= > Budi has written it, and I have too.
= > Budi has written it, and so have I.
B. Two Negative statements that have same predicate (including object and complement) can be arranged as follows:
Pattern:
Negative sentence, and + Subject + auxiliary + not + either.
Negative sentence, and + neither + auxiliary + Subject.
Here are some examples:
• I don’t like smoking. He doesn’t like smoking.
= > I don’t like smoking, and he doesn’t either.
= > I don’t like smoking, and neither does he.
• He wasn’t ill and I wasn’t ill.
= > He wasn’t ill, and I wasn’t either.
= > He wasn’t ill, and neither was I.
• Ali didn’t ask any question. You didn’t ask any question.
= > Ali didn’t ask any question, and you didn’t either.
= > Ali didn’t ask any question, and neither has Budi.
C. The combination of negative statements and positive statements with the same tense is arranged by using the conjunction “but”.
Pattern:
Positive sentence, but + Subject + auxiliary + not.
Negative sentence, but + Subject + auxiliary.
Here are some of the examples:
• Amir can play a guitar. Ali can’t play a guitar.
= > Amir can play a guitar, but Ali can’t.
• Arifah is a student. Fatimah is not a student.
= > Arifah is a student, but Fatimah isn’t.
• I don’t like smoking. He likes smoking.
= > I don’t like smoking, but he does.
• She didn’t buy a new car. You bought a new car.
= > She didn’t buy a new car, but you did.
Apresentação sobre "Conditional Sentences" preparada pela Professora Erika Petiz, para os seus alunos do Colégio Espaço Aberto, sedes Bezerra de Menezes e Papicu
We use mixed conditionals to show how a past condition or possibility affects, or would affect, the present, or vice versa. To form mixed conditional, we are going to mix 2nd and 3rd conditionals. One part of the sentence is about the past the other is about the present.
Elliptical structure
Elliptical structure is joining two sentences which have same predicate and object to make it shorter by omitting a part of sentences without change the meaning.
A. Two positive statements that have same predicate (including object and complement) can be arranged as follows:
Pattern:
Positive sentence, and + Subject + auxiliary + too
Positive sentence, and + so + auxiliary + Subject.
Here are some of the examples:
• He is busy. I am busy.
= > He is busy, and I am too.
= > He is busy, and so am I.
• You bought a new book. She bought a new book.
= > You bought a new book, and she did too.
= > You bought a new book, and so did she.
• John likes swimming. Maria likes swimming.
= > John likes swimming, and Maria does too.
= > John likes swimming, and so does Maria.
• Budi has written it. I have written it.
= > Budi has written it, and I have too.
= > Budi has written it, and so have I.
B. Two Negative statements that have same predicate (including object and complement) can be arranged as follows:
Pattern:
Negative sentence, and + Subject + auxiliary + not + either.
Negative sentence, and + neither + auxiliary + Subject.
Here are some examples:
• I don’t like smoking. He doesn’t like smoking.
= > I don’t like smoking, and he doesn’t either.
= > I don’t like smoking, and neither does he.
• He wasn’t ill and I wasn’t ill.
= > He wasn’t ill, and I wasn’t either.
= > He wasn’t ill, and neither was I.
• Ali didn’t ask any question. You didn’t ask any question.
= > Ali didn’t ask any question, and you didn’t either.
= > Ali didn’t ask any question, and neither has Budi.
C. The combination of negative statements and positive statements with the same tense is arranged by using the conjunction “but”.
Pattern:
Positive sentence, but + Subject + auxiliary + not.
Negative sentence, but + Subject + auxiliary.
Here are some of the examples:
• Amir can play a guitar. Ali can’t play a guitar.
= > Amir can play a guitar, but Ali can’t.
• Arifah is a student. Fatimah is not a student.
= > Arifah is a student, but Fatimah isn’t.
• I don’t like smoking. He likes smoking.
= > I don’t like smoking, but he does.
• She didn’t buy a new car. You bought a new car.
= > She didn’t buy a new car, but you did.
Apresentação sobre "Conditional Sentences" preparada pela Professora Erika Petiz, para os seus alunos do Colégio Espaço Aberto, sedes Bezerra de Menezes e Papicu
We use mixed conditionals to show how a past condition or possibility affects, or would affect, the present, or vice versa. To form mixed conditional, we are going to mix 2nd and 3rd conditionals. One part of the sentence is about the past the other is about the present.
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1. ransformation of sentence (Simple, complex and
compound) at a glance
Transformation of sentence (Simple, complex and compound) at a glance
Simple Compound Complex
01. Verb+ing +Extension
,Subject+ can/ could+
verb+ Ext.
Example; Reading
books, you can acquire
knowledge.
Verb+ Ext. +and +Subject
+can/could +verb+ Ext.
Example: Read books and
you can acquire
knowledge.
If +sub+ verb+ other
word, sub +can/may
+verb +Other word.
If you read books you
can aquire knowledge.
02. Subject +verb +ing
+other word +P.V.
+other word.
Some people working
in the fieldare farmers.
x Subject+ Realative
pronoun+ P.V.+ other
word+ P.V.+ other word.
Some people who are
working in the fieldare
farmers.
03.
Subject+P.V.+article+ad
verb+adjective+noun.
I saw a lame man.
Subject+ P.V. +other word
+and +subject +P.V.
+other word.
I saw a man and he was a
lame.
Subject+ P.V.+ noun
Phrase+ who/ which/that
+P.V. +other word.
I saw a man who was
lame.
04. Subject+ verb
+object +verb
(ing)+object.
Example; I saw them
playing.
S+ to be verb
(am/is/are/was/were)+verb
(ing)+and+ verb(ing).
Example: They were
playing and I saw them.
S+ verb +phrase
+relative pronoun+ to be
verb +present
participle/past participle.
Example; I saw them
who were playing.
05. Subject+ verb
+infinitive (to
+verb)………
We eat to live.
Subject +verb +and
+subject+want/wanted+to
+verb…….
We eat and (we) want to
live.
Subject +verb +so that
+subject+
can/could/may/might+
verb……
Example: We eat so that
we may live.
04. Subject +to be verb
(past/present) +too
+adj+ to +verb……
Example: He was too
weak to walk.
Subject+ to be
verb(past/present)+very
+adjective +and +can
not/could not +verb+ext.
He was very weak and
Subject +to be
verb(past/present) +so
+adj +that +s
+cannot/could not
+verb+………………….
2. could not walk. Example: He was so
weak that he could not
walk.
05. Sub+ verb
(past/present)+too +adj+
for +objective form+ to
+verb (present)+other
word.
The bag is too heavy
for the girl to carry.
Sub +verb
(past/present)+very+ adj+
and +sub+ cannot/could
not +verb (present)+other
word.
The bag is very heavy and
the girl cannot carry it.
Sub
+verb(past/present)+so+
adj+ that +sub+
cannot/could not +verb
(present)+other word.
The bag is very heavy
and the girl cannot carry
it.
06. Sub +verb
(past/present)+too +adj+
to be+ verb(P.P)+other
word.
The man is too
dishonest to be
respected.
Sub
+verb(past/present)+very
+adj+ and +sub+
verb(Past/present)+other
word.
The man is very dishonest
and nobody respects him.
Sub +verb
(past/present)+so +adj+
that +sub+ cannot/could
not +verbpresent)+other
word.
The man is so dishonest
that people cannot /do
not respect him.
07. Sub +verb
(past/present) +adj+
enough +to verb
(Present)+other word.
The girl is innocent
enough to believe any
man.
Sub +verb (past/present)
+very+ adj+ and+
Subject+ can /could +
verb(Present)+other word.
The girl is innocent and
she believes any one.
Sub +verb (past/present)
+so+ adj+ that +
Subject+ can /could +
verb(Present)+other
word.
The girl is so innocent
that she believes
anybody.
08. Sub+ verb (to
be)+adj+ enough +for+
objective form+ to +verb
(present)+other word.
The question is easy
enough for anybody to
answer.
Sub +verb (past/present)
+very+ adj+ and+
Subject+ can /could +
verb(Present)+other word.
The question is very easy
and anybody can answer.
Sub +verb (past/present)
+so+ adj+ that +
Subject+ can /could +
verb(Present)+other
word.
The question is so easy
that anybody can
answer.
09. Sub +verb
(past/present) +adj+
enough +for +object+
verb(Present)+other
word.
Sub +verb (past/present)
+very+ adj+ and+
Subject+ can /could +
verb(Present)+other word.
The essay is very easy and
Sub +verb (past/present)
+so+ adj+ that +
Subject+ can /could +
verb(Present)+other
word.
3. The essay is very easy
enough for any student
can memorize.
any student can memorize. The eassay is so easy that
any student can
memorize.
10. Sub +verb
(past/present) +adj+
enough +to be+ verb
(P.P)+other word.
The man is honest
enough to be respected.
Sub
+verb(past/present)+very
+adj+ and +sub+
verb(Past/present)+other
word.
The man is very honest
and everybody respect
him.
Sub +verb
(past/present)+so +adj+
that +sub+ cannot/could
not +verb
(present)+other word.
The man is honest that
everybody respects him.
11.Subject +Verb(past
participle)+other word+
P.V.+ other word.
The book writtenby
Humayan Ahmed is very
interesting.
Subject+P.V.+other
word+and+sub+P.V.+othe
r word.
The book is very
interesting and Humayun
Ahmed wrote it.
Subject+who/which/that
+P.V.+other
word+P.V+other word.
The book which is
writtenby Humayun
Ahmed is very
interesting.
12. Subject +Verb
+other
word(noun)+verb(PP).+o
ther word.
I bought a book of
poems writtenby
Rahman.
I bought a book of poems
and Rahman Azad wrote
that.
Subject+P.V.+other
word(Noun)+who/which/
that+P.V.+other word.
I bought a book of poems
that/which is writtenby
Rahman.
13. Inspite of /despite
+possessive case
+noun/adjective……….
Inspite of his
honesty, he was scolded.
Subject+verb+adjective+b
ut+………………..
Example;He was honest
but scolded.
Though/Although
+subjective form +verb
+noun/adjective,………
…………..
Example; Though he was
honest ,he was scolded.
14. Inspite of/despite
cold/fog/rough
weather/raining/snowing
,
Example: Despite
fog, we reached there on
time.
It+to be
verb+,……..but+…………
……..
Example;It was fog but we
reached there on time.
Though/Although+it+to
be
verb+cold/hot/storm/rou
gh weather/ing (verb)+..
Example:Though/Althou
gh it was fog, we reached
there on time.
15. Without +verb(ing) Verb (present If +subject+do not/does
4. +subject +verb +ext.
Without
doing, you will die.
form)+or+……
Example:Do or you will
die/Do or die.
not/did
not+verb+Ext.,Subject+
will/would+verb+…….
Example:If you do not
do,you will die.
Unless+subject+principal
verb,
Subject+…………………
………..
Unless you read,you will
fail.
16. Subject+ to be verb+
at/in/on etc +time word
Rubel was born in
1986.
It +to be verb+time
word+and+subject+to be
verb+ preposition…..
Example: It was 1986 and
Rubel was born.
When+it+to be
verb+time word+,……
When it was 1986,Rubel
was born.
17. At the time of/In the
moment of+ possessive
case+ verb
(ing)+ext.+………………
…………….
At the time of his
departure, I was at the
airport.
Subject+verb(according to
tense)……and+……..
Example: He departed and
I was at the airport.
When+subject+verb+Ext
. Subject+verb+……
Example:When he
departed, I was at the
airport.
18. Subject +verb+ other
word +at the time of
+verb +ing +other
word/at+ time.
He woke up at the
time of raining.
He came here at four.
Subject+verb+other
word+and+subject+verb+
other word+then
He woke up and it was
raining then.
When/While+subject+ve
rb+other
word+subject+verb+othe
r word.
When it was raining he
woke up.
He came when it was
four.
19. Being +adjective+,----
---------------------------
Being weak in
English, the boy could
not do well inthe
examination.
Subject+ to be
verb+…………………..an
d+…………………
Example: The boy was
weak in englishand not do
well inthe examination.
Since/As+subject+to be
verb+ext.
Example: Since he was
weak in English, the boy
could not do well inthe
examination.
20. Subject+ being
+ext,+ second sentence.
Example: Tea being
hot, I could not drink.
Subject+to be
verb(am/is/are/was/were+e
xt.+and+Subject+…….
Tea was hot and I could
not drink it.
As+Subject+to be
verb+adjective/noun,
Subject+…………………
……
As tea was hot, I could
5. not drink it.
21. At the time of/In the
time of +Verb
(ing),+………
Example: At the time of
raining, I was at home.
It +to be
verb(am/is/are/was/were
)+Verb(ing)+and………
………
Example: It was raining
and I went at home.
When+ it+ to be verb
+verb (ing),S
+verb………………
When it was raining, I was
a t home.
22. Having+verb(Past
participle),Another
sentence.
Having done the work,
the farmers left the field.
Subject+verb to
have+verb(past
participle)+ext. another
sentence.
Example: The farmers
had done the work and
left the field.
Since/As+subject+have/ha
d+verb(past
participle)+ext.
Example: When the
farmers had done the
work, they left the field.
23. When subject is same:
Subject +having
+v(past
participle)+ext.,+second
sentence.
The sun having risen,
we went to play in the
fields.
Subject+to have
verb(have/has/had)+ver
b(p.p.)+Ext.+and
+second sentence.
Example;The sun had
risenand we went to
play in the field.
24. Having +been
+verb(P.P)+other word
+subject +verb +other
word.
Having been dismissed
from the job the man is
now at a loss.
Subject+verb+other
word+and+subject+verb
+other word.
The man was dismissed
and he was at a loss.
When/After+subject+have
/had+verb(P.P)+sub+verb
+other word.
When the man lost the
job,he was at a loss.
25. Because of, due to,
owing to, on account of
+possessive case+
verb(Participle
form)+adjective/noun
+Ext. +Next sentence.
Due to his blindness,
he cannot see.
It +to be verb+adjective
form+and+…………….
Example.He is blind and
cannot see.
Since/As+ Subject +to be
verb +Adjective/Noun +,+
Subject+………………
Since/As he is blindand he
cannot see.
26. Because of, due to,
owing to +cold/fog/rough
weather /raining
/snowing, +Next sentence.
It +to be verb+
cold/fog/roughweather
/raining /snowing, +and
+Next sentence.
Since/As +it +to be verb
+Adjective/Noun,
+subject+…………………
…………
6. Example: Because of
raining, I did not go to
college.
Example: It was raining
and I did not go to
college.
Since it was raining, I did
not go to college.
27. Besides
+verb(ing)……………..su
bject+……………
Besides knowing
English, Our Headmaster
know Bangla.
Subject +not
only+…………but
also……………
Example: Our
headmaster knows not
only Englishbut also
Bangla.
X
28. Both +Subject +and
+S
+verb+……………………
…
Example; Both Kamal
and Jamal went there.
Not only+ First subject+
but also +second
sentence +verb+…….
Example; Not only
kamal but also Jamal
went there.
X
29.Subject +verb to be+
both+a+ noun/adjective+
and+a+ noun/ adjective.
He is both a singer
and a composer.
Subject+ verb to be+ not
only+a+ Noun+but
also+subj+verb to be
+a+ noun.
He is not only a singer
but also a composer.
He who is a singer as well
as a composer.
30. Subject +verb+
adverb +to +verb.
Example: He reads
attentivelyto pass.
Subject +verb+ adverb
+and +subject +want
to/wanted to/desire to+
verb+……………………
……………
Example:He reads
attentivelyand he
desires to pass.
Subject+ verb+ adverb +so
that +subject +may/might
+verb+…………………
Example: He reads
attentivelyso that he
might pass.
31.By+verb+ing +Ext,
Subject +can/could
+verb+Ext.
By reading books, you
can acquire knowledge.
Verb +ext.
+and+Subject+can/coul
d+verb+Ext.
Read books and you can
acquire knowledge.
If+ Subject +verb+ ext, S
+can/could +verb +ext.
If you read books, you can
acquire knowledge.
32. Subject +verb
+noun/adjective/adverb+
……………
Example: Honesty is
the best policy.
Heath is
wealth
Subject+verb+other
word+and
subject+verb+other
word.
It is honesty and that is
the best policy.
It is health and that is
wealth
It+to be
verb+Subject+relative
pronoun (who,that,which)
+verb+Noun/Adjective/ad
verb……
Example:It is honesty that
is the best policy.
It is health which is
7. wealth.
33.Subject+verb+the way
of+ possessive+ verb +ing
I know the way of his
doing the work.
Sub+verb+other
word+and+subject+verb
+other word.
He did the work and I
know that.
Subject+verb+how+sub+v
erb+
I know how he did the
work.
34.Subject+ verb+ upto
+possessive +verb +verb
+ing +other word.
Students will stayin
the classroom upto taking
examination sheets by
their teachers.
Sub+verb+other
word+and
+then+sub+verb+other
word
Students will stayin the
classroom and their
teacher will take their
examination sheets.
Subject+verb+other
word+till/until+sub+verb+
other word.
Student will stay inthe
classroom till/until their
teachers take their
examination sheets.
35. Just at the time of
+verb +ing +other word+
sub +verb+ other word.
Just at the time of
coming here I saw him.
.Sub+verb+other
word+and just
then+sub+verb+other
word.
I came here and just
then I saw him.
As soon as +sub+ verb
+other word +sub +verb
+other word.
As soon as I came here, I
saw him.
36. Subject +verb+the
reason of +verb+
ing+Noun+other word.
I know the reason of
his absence.
Sub+verb+other
word+and
+sub+verb+other word.
He is absent and I know
the reason.
Sub+verb+why+verb+othe
r word.
I know why he is absent.
37. Subject+ verb+ the
place of +verb +ing /at/in
+place.
I was born in Dhaka.
Subject+verb+other
word+and+sub+verb+ot
her word.
It is Dhaka and I was
born here.
Subject+verb+other
word(noun)+where+sub+v
erb+other word.
It is Dhaka where I was
born.
38. Subject +verb
+possessive +verb+ ing
/noun+other word.
I know his demand.
Sub+ verb +conjunction
+subject+verb+other
word.
He demands and I know
it.
Subject+verb+what+sub+v
erb+other word.
I know what he demands.
39. Just+ before
+possessive +verb +ing
+other word.
The train started just
before our reaching at
the station.
Subject+ verb +other
word+and+just
then+subject+verb+….
We reached the station
and just then the train
left.
No sooner
had+sub+verb(pp)+than+s
ubject+verb(Past)+other
word.
No sooner had we reached
the station than the train
left.
40.subject+verb+to+verb( Sub+ verb+other Sub+verb+other word+so
8. present)/inorder to
+verb(present)+other
word.
He came to know the
matter/in order to know
the matter.
word+and+subject+verb
+other word.
He came to me and he
wanted to know the
matter.
that+subject+can/could+ve
rb(present)+other word
He came to me so that he
could know the matter.
41.With/for all,
notwithstanding
+possessive case+ noun+
principal clause.
For all/withall its
beauty, it is very short
But However/whatever
However beautiful it may
be, it is very short.
42.
Subject+verb+adjective+l
ike+noun/pronoun
The boy is brave like
his brother.
As ……as, so……..as
The boy as brave as his
brother.
43. With a view to
We went to library
witha view to reading
books.
Subject+so that/in order
that/that
+may/might/can/could+ver
b
We went to libraryso that
we couldread books.
44.Every+noun
Every man wants to
prosper in life.
There is/was
no+noun+but+verb+….
There is no man but wants
to prosper in life.
45. Adjective+ verb+noun
A studious student
can make a better result.
The +noun+who/which+to
be
verb+adjective+verb+/….
The student who is
studious can make a better
result.
46.Adjective(Common
Noun)
The idle cannot
prosper in life.
Those+who+verb to
be+adjective+verb…..
Those who are idle cannot
prosper in life.
47.Subject+Verb+adjecti
ve+noun
I saw a pious man.
Subject+verb+noun+who/
which+to be verb+…..
I saw a man who was
pious.
48.subject+verb+NP+inte Subject+ verb+ NP+
9. rrogative adverb
Teacher showed us
how to solve the problem.
Interrogative adverb+
subject+ should/could
+verb
Teacher showed us how we
could /should solve the
problem.
49.Adevrb
Unfortunately, the girl
failed in the examination.
It is +adjective+ that+….
It is unfortunate that the
girl failedinthe
examination.
50.Sub+want/wish/desire/
expect/like/advise/urge/pe
rsuade
/request/beg/order+
indirect object +to be
verb+..
Mother wishes me
to be an ideal citizen
Subject+ verb +that
+subject+ should+
infinitive case+…
Mother wishes that I
could/should be an ideal
citizen.
51. Adjective+
noun=Noun Phrase
He is an honest man.
……………and………
He is a man and he is
honest.
Principal clause+
Subordinate adjective
clause.
He is the man who is
honest.
52.Until/till/after/before+
Gerund/Noun
Wait here till raining.
Wait here until our
arrival arrive.
Subject+verb…………….u
ntil/till/after/before+subjec
t+verb
Wait here till it rains.
Wait here until we arrive.
53. After possessive case
+Noun; /
At the time of
+Gerund/Noun
At the time of his waking
up, it was raining.
When+ subject
+verb+……..subject
+verb+…………
When we woke up ,it was
raining.
54.
While/During+(Possessiv
e case)+Gerund/Noun+
Principal clause.
Wait here while
raining.
As long as as/so long
Wait here as long as it
rains.