This document discusses different types of conditional sentences in English. It covers conditional type 1 (probable condition using if + present, will + bare infinitive), type 2 (unreal past condition using if + past, would/could + bare infinitive), and type 3 (impossible past condition using if + past perfect, would have + past participle). It also discusses using as if/though to indicate something is not actually the case, and the difference between hope which indicates possibility and wish which indicates impossibility.

1. 34. CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES : TYPE 1

2. 34. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES : TYPE 1
34-1 Conditional sentence type 1 : Probable conditional
Conditional sentence type 1 digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu hal
yang mungkin atau tidak mungkin terjadi di waktu yang akan datang.
Conditional sentence type 1 dibentuk dengan if clause (dalam simple
present tense) dan main clause (dalam simple future tense).
If + Simple present, subject + will + bare infinitive
If I finish work early, I will play tennis.
If she has enough time, she will come to your house.

3. 34-2 If + simple present + modal auxiliary (can, may, must, will) digunakan
untuk menunjukkan suatu kemungkinan (possibility), izin (permission),
kepastian (certainty).
Can
If + simple present, subject + May + bare infinitive
Must
If he starts now, he will arrive in time.
If she starts now, she may arrive in time.
If you are in a hurry, you can use my car.
If their house in on fire, they may stay here.

4. 34-3 If + should
If should bisa digunakan sebagai pengganti if + simple present tense untuk
menunjukkan suatu yang lebih sopan atau lebih meragukan.
If I should see him, I’ll ask him to ring you.
(= If I see him, I will ask him to ring you)
If you should see him, please give him this message.
(= If you see him, please give him this message)
If you should go out, please get me a magazine.
(= If you go out, please get me a magazine.

5. 34-4 Should + subject + bare infinitive bisa digunakan sebagai ganti
If + simple present tense.
Should he come here, tell him I am not in.
Should this machine fail to give satisfaction, we guarantee to
refund the purchase.
34-5 Imperative + and, main clause
Imperative + and + clause bisa digunakan sebagai ganti if clause dan
digunakan untuk menunjukkan komentar (comment), ancaman (threat),
atau suatu permintaan (request).
If he fails to pay, we will cut off the electricity.
Fail to pay and we will cut off the electricity.

6. 34-6 If ….. Not = unless
Unless bisa digunakan untuk menggantikan if … not jika kita ingin
menunjukkan suatu pengecualian (exception). Unless lebih tegas dari
If … not dan digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu ancaman (threat).
If you do not invite me, I will not come to your house.
Unless you invite me, I will not come to your house. (Except if you
invite).
34-7 Imperative + or, main clause
Imperative + or/and + clause digunakan sebagai ganti if clause dalam
bentuk negatif.
If you don’t stop borrowing the money, you will be in trouble.
Stop borrowing the money, or you will be in trouble.

7. 34-8 If + present tense bisa diikuti imperative, should, dan must.
If you see him tell him to call me.
If you are sick, you ought to be in bed.
If need any help, you may come to me again.
If you love your parents, you should respect him.

8. 35. CONDITIONAL
SENTENCE : TYPE 2

9. 35. CONDITIONAL SENTENCE : TYPE 2
35-1 Conditional sentence type 2
Conditional sentence type 2 digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang
bertentangan dengan fakta atau yang sesungguhnya di waktu sekarang.
would/
If + subject + Simple past, subject + could/ + bare infinitive
might
If you had longer legs, you would be able to run faster.
If she spoke English well, she would be accepted to work.

10. 35-2 Conditional sentence juga digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu yang
tidak kita harapkan terjadi di waktu sekarang.
If a robber came into my house, I would throw a stone at him.
If he chased me, I would ran away.
35-3 If + were, would
“Were” digunakan sebagai ganti “was” sesudah semua subjek dan
menunjukkan sesuatu yang lebih formal atau untuk menunjukkan suatu
keraguan (doubt) dan untuk membayangkan sesuatu.
If I were sick, I would stay home today.
If he were in Jakarta today, he would come to my house.
If I were in your position, I would accept him as a new staff.

11. 35-4 If + simple past bisa diikuti might atau could untuk menunjukkan
kepastian, kemungkinan, kemampuan, atau izin di masa lampau.
If you tried again, you would succed. (Certainty)
If you tried again, you might succed. (Possibility)
If it stopped raining, we could go out. (Ability)

12. 36. CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES : TYPE 3

13. 36. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES : TYPE 3
36-1 Conditional sentence type 3 : Past unreal / Impossible condition
Conditional sentence type 3 digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu penyesalan
(regret,dll) tentang sesuatu yang tidak akan pernah terjadi lagi di waktu
sekarang.
would/
If + subject + past perfect, could/ + have + past participle
might

14. If you had gone by car, ypu would have arrived in Bandung.
If you had studied English seriously, you would have spoken English
well.
If she had tried harder, she would have been successful.
36-2 If I had been you/in your position
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan apa yang sudah akan kita lakukan jika kita
berada dalam posisi orang lain.
If I had been in your position, I would have accepted his offer.
If I had been Mary, I would have paid $ 200 for the TV.
If I had been in his position, I would not have quitted my job.

15. 36-3 Past unreal condition juga bisa dinyatakan dengan menempatkan
“had” didepan kalimat. Bentuk ini adalah yang paling lazim digunakan
dalam conditional type 3.
Had + subject + past participle, subject + would have + past participle
Had I known you were not there, I wouldn’t have come.
Had he found the right buyer, he would have sold the car.
Had he studied harder, he would have spoken fluently.
Had I met him at the airport, I would have given your letter.

16. 37. AS IF-AS THOUGH

17. 37-1 As if dan as though adalah kata penghuung (conjunction) yang
menunjukan bahwa sesuatu tidak sesungguhnya atau bertentangan dengan yang
sebenarnya.
Subject + verb (present) + as if/as though + subject + verb (past)
• He speaks as if he were my superior.
Dia bericara seolah-olah dia atasan saya. (sebetulnya dia bukan atasan saya)
Suject + (verb past) + as if/as though + subject + past perfect
• Jane talked as if she had known everything.
Jane berbicara seolah-olah dia sudah tahu segalanya. (sebetulnya dia tidak tahu)

18. 38. HOPE-WISH

19. 38-1 Hope digunakan untuk menunjukan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi/mungkin akan terjadi.
Wish digunakan untuk sesuatu yang sama sekali tidak/tidak akan terjadi. Hope bisa diikuti
tenses apa saja, sedangkan wish tidak.
• I hope that she will come tonight. (saya tidak tahu dia akan datang)
• I wish that she would come. (dia tidak akan datang)
Wish sama dengan sesuatu yang bertentangan dengan fakta atau present unreal condition.
Present unreal condition : If i were rich, i would uy a house.
Present wish : I wish I were rich.
Past unreal condition : If you had been here last night, we would been very
happy.
Past wish : We wish that you had been here last night.

20. 38-2 Perhatikan dalam struktur berikut ini bahwa that bersifat opsional
Present
Subject + wish (that) + subject + simple past
• I wish that I had enough time to finish the work.
Past
S + wish (that) + S + past perfect could have + past participle
• I wish (that) he had cleaned the house yesterday.
Future
S + wish (that) + S + could/would/were (verb+ing)
• I wish that he would stopped smoking.