This document provides a lecture on narration from SN English Center. It discusses direct and indirect narration, including the steps to change direct narration to indirect such as changing person, tense, and certain words. Examples are provided to illustrate changing assertive, interrogative, imperative, optative, and exclamatory sentences from direct to indirect narration. Homework assignments are given to further practice and understand narration.
A brief presentation on narration or reported speech. Describes the change of verbs and tense with examples. Also know what is 1st Person, 2nd Person, and 3rd Person.
by Ankush
Lesson1: Direct Speech
Lesson 2: Indirect Speech
Essential Rules for Indirect Speech
-Indirect speech for interrogative sentences
-Indirect speech for modals
-Indirect speech for exclamatory sentence
-Changes in pronoun in indirect speech
-Changes in time and adverbs in indirect speech
English Grammar needs an Understanding of the Usage of Various rules of Narration as well as other aspects like voices and tenses as well.
See this presentation by Tri Wahyuni (Source Online-Rights with the Maker only)
About all Parts of Speech
( Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection)
Explained in a very simple and easy language.
Most useful for students from 4 std.
A brief presentation on narration or reported speech. Describes the change of verbs and tense with examples. Also know what is 1st Person, 2nd Person, and 3rd Person.
by Ankush
Lesson1: Direct Speech
Lesson 2: Indirect Speech
Essential Rules for Indirect Speech
-Indirect speech for interrogative sentences
-Indirect speech for modals
-Indirect speech for exclamatory sentence
-Changes in pronoun in indirect speech
-Changes in time and adverbs in indirect speech
English Grammar needs an Understanding of the Usage of Various rules of Narration as well as other aspects like voices and tenses as well.
See this presentation by Tri Wahyuni (Source Online-Rights with the Maker only)
About all Parts of Speech
( Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection)
Explained in a very simple and easy language.
Most useful for students from 4 std.
For grades eight or nine. Gives a brief overview of the characteristics of narration and has a super Youtube video from Flocabulary [http://www.youtube.com/user/FlocabularyYT} which definitely appeals to young learners.
I created this PowerPoint based upon an article by Steven Figg, 'Understanding Narrative Writing: Practical Strategies to Support Teachers'. I have used it with a group of Year 7 students to help them revise Narrative for their Naplan testing.
Learn Indirect/reported speech. Learn tips and rules to convert active sentence into passive sentence. All rules and best practices shared with step-wise examples.
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L#14=narration
1. 0
SN English Center
Welcome
To
SN English Center
Lecture#14
Topic-Narration
Prepared by:
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib
Contact-01721123773
Email-shazib773n@gmail.com
www.facebook.com/SN.English.Center
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
2. 1
SN English Center
Narration-
Direct narration -He said to me, “I am ill.”
Indirect narration- He told me that he was ill.
Direct narration-
4. Reporting Speech-Reporter
Reported Speech-Information
He said to me, “I am ill.”
Steps of Changing direct to indirect
1. Person change
2. Tense change
3. Some word change
4. Sentence connection
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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SN English Center
1. Person Change
Subjective
form
Possessive
form
Objective
form
I Mine Me
We Us Us
You Yours You
He His Him
She Her Her
They Their Them
It Its It
Others-male/female He/she/it Follow up
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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SN English Center
1. Person Change
Position of Subject
Sub.+ V+ Ob.
Reported speech-1st person + V+ Ob.
Reporting speech---Sub+ V+ Ob.
RS-Headmaster said, “I am a good Teacher.”
RS-Headmaster said that he was a good teacher.
Reported speech-2nd person + V+ Ob.
Reporting speech---Sub+ V+ Ob.
RS-Headmaster said, “you are a good student.”
RS-Headmaster said that I was a good teacher.
Subject 3rd person-No change
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
7. He said to me, “I go to school.” He told me that he went to school.
He said to me, “You go to school.” He told me that I went to school.
He said, “He goes to school.” He told that he went to school.
We=human. No change person in indirect speech.
The teacher said, “We are mortal.”
The teacher said that we are mortal.
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SN English Center
1. Person Change
Direct Narration Indirect Narration
Have any about persons change?
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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SN English Center
2. Tense change
Reporting Speech-
verb, past tense-
,
11. ।
Reporting Speech-
verb past tense
Direct-He said to me, “I go to school.”
Indirect-He told me that he went to school.
Reporting Speech-
verb present/Future tense
1. Direct-He says to me, “I go to school.”
Indirect-He tells me that he goes to school.
2. Direct-She will say, “I like you.”
Indirect-She will say that she likes me.
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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SN English Center
2. Tense change
Direct Narration Indirect Narration
Present Indefinite Past Indefinite
Present Continues Past Continues
Present Perfect Past Perfect
Present Perfect Continues Past Perfect Continues
Past indefinite Past perfect
Past continues Past perfect continues
Must Must/ had to
Shall/will Should/ would
Have to/has to Had to
Be supposed to Was/were supposed to
Would/ could/ might/ used to/
No change
had to/ ought to/ should/ had
better/ modals+have+V-3
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
13. No change the tense
Past perfect Past perfect continues
Universal truth/ habitual fact/ geographical fact/ --present
indefinite
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SN English Center
2. Tense change
Have any about tense change?
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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SN English Center
3. Few words change
Direct Narration Indirect Narration
Now Then
Ago Before
Today That day
Tonight That night
Tomorrow The next day
Yesterday The previous day
Last night the previous night
Next week the following week
Here There
This That
These Those
Thus that way / so
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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SN English Center
3. Few words change
Direct Narration Indirect Narration
Come Go
Hence thence
Hither thither
So that is why
This day that day
Last month the previous month
Last year the previous year
Good morning wish good morning
Next month the flowing month
It that
But express dissatisfaction
The day after in two days time
The day before yesterday two days before
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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4. Sentence connection
Types of Sentence
1. Assertive Sentence
2. Interrogative Sentence
3. Imperative Sentence
4. Optative Sentence
5. Exclamatory Sentence
Classify and identify these sentences
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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SN English Center
1. Assertive Sentence
Direct Indirect
Said to told
Said said
Says to tells
Say tell
Inverted “-” that
To Change Person
To Change Tense
To change some word
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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1. Assertive Sentence
Direct Narration Indirect Narration
She said to me, She told me
She said She said
She says to me She tells
They say They tell
“I am ill.” That
She said, “I am ill.” She said that she was ill.
She said, “I am ill.” She said that she was ill.
She said, “I am ill now.” She said that she was ill then.
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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2. Interrogative Sentence
Direct Indirect
Said to Asked
Said asked
Says to asks
Say ask
Inverted “-” If/wh-word
To Change Person
To Change Tense
To change some word
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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2. Interrogative Sentence
Direct Narration Indirect Narration
She said to me, She asked me
She said She asked
She says to me She asks
They say They ask
“I am ill.” If/wh-word
She said, “Am I ill?” She asked if she was ill.
She said, “Am I ill?” She asked if she was ill.
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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D/Id Start with Verb Start with let
Said/said to According to Meaning Proposed
“__” To/not to That
Persons Yes Yes
Tense No change Should+ V1
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3. Imperative Sentence
Imperative Sentence
1. Verb- Do the work.
2. Let- Let him go there.
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
27. Inverted comma to/not to
To Change Person
To change some word
There is no change according to tense
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3. Imperative Sentence
Example:
He said to me, “Do the work.”
He ordered me to do the work.
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
29. Said to--Proposed
Inverted comma to/not to
Let---should
To Change Person
To change some word
There is no change according to tense
Imperative sentence-
Sir
33. Example:
Rani said to her friend, “let us have a visit on Saturday.”
Rani proposed to her friend that they should have a visit on Saturday.
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3. Imperative Sentence
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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3. Imperative Sentence
If start with would/could
Exam:
He said to me, “would you help me to do the sum.”
He requested me to help to do the sum.
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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4. Optative Sentence
Direct Indirect
Said to prayed/wished
Inverted “-” that
To Change Person
To Change Tense
To change some word
Direct Narration Indirect Narration
I said, “May you be happy” I wished that he might be happy.
[If have ‘God’ reported verb change by prayed]
My mother said, “May God bless you.”
My mother prayed that God might bless you.
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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5. Exclamatory Sentence
Said to---
Hurrah! What/how---Exclaimed with joy
Alas---exclaimed with sorrow
Excited---exclaimed with surprise.
By Allah/ by God---swearing by Allah
Well done/ bravo---applauded
Poor fellow---pitied
Inverted comma---that
Person change
Tense change
Some word change
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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5. Exclamatory Sentence
Examples:
The boy said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.”
The boy Exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
He said to me, “Alas! I could not save you.”
He exclaimed with sorrow that he could not save me.
He said, “What a nice bird it is.”
He exclaimed with surprise that it was a very nice bird.
He said, “By God! What a good news.”
He swearing by Allah that it was a very good news.
He said to them, “Well done! You have done well.”
He applauded them saying that they had done well.
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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5. Exclamatory Sentence
Good bye/ well come:
Said to Bade/ wished + good by/ good morning
Inverted comma that
He said, “Good by friends.”
He bade his friends’ good bye.
What/ how great/greatly, very, very much
He said to me, “how happy you are!
He said to me that I was very happy.
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
44. He said, “I will come.”
He said that he would come.
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Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
45. SN English Center
R#03
Reported speech-should/would/could/might/use
to/ought to etc. Then No change indirect speech
Nazmul said to me, “you should attend the party.”
Nazmul told me that I should attend the party.
R#04
He said to them, “Friends, help me.”
Addressing them as friend, he requested them to help him.
R#05
Direct narration Sir
Indirect narration respectfully use before object.
He said to his teacher, “Sir solves this problem.”
He requested his teacher respectfully to solve that problem.
24
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
46. SN English Center
R#06
If started with--by Allah/ by god/ by job/ by my love/ by my life/cte,
in direct narration.
Then with started, Swearing by Allah/ Swearing by god/ Swearing
by job/ Swearing by love cte, in indirect narration.
By Allah, “he replied , I will not fail in exam.”
Swearing by Allah he replied that he would not fail in exam.
R#07
Yes--replied in the affirmative and said that
No--replied in the negative and said that
“Yes I have drawn a picture,” replied Emon.
Emon replied in the affirmative and said that he had drawn a picture.
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Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
47. SN English Center
R#09
Direct narration--good morning/ good afternoon/ good
evening/ good night
Indirect narration -- ‘wish / wished’ use
I said to him, “good morning.”
I wished him good morning.
26
R#08
Direct narration--hello/ hi
Indirect narration --use ‘great’
He said, “hello, Kamrul, whre are you going.”
He greeted Kamrul and asked him where she was going.
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
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R#10
Direct narration--“If I were you, I should/would….
Indirect narration--S +advice +O+to +V of reported speech
I said to him, “If I were you, I should wait.”
I advised him to wait.
R#11
Thank you
Indirect narration S +thank/thanked +O of reporting speech.
He said to me, “Thank You.”
He thanked me.
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773
49. SN English Center
Home Tasks
1. Prepare this lesson for individual
2. Find out problems from this lesson
3.Presentation for individual
www.facebook.com/SN.English.Center
Md. Masum Bellah Shazib-01721123773 28