The document discusses 16 different tenses in Indonesian including their usage, examples of nominal and verbal sentences, and conjugation rules for each tense. The tenses covered include: simple present, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous, simple past, past continuous, past perfect, past perfect continuous, future, future continuous, future perfect, future perfect continuous, past future, past future continuous, past future perfect, and past future perfect continuous.

1. 1. Simple Present Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan sehari-hari dan digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum. A. Kalimat Nominal Rumus : (+) Subject + am/is/are + Complement (-) Subject + am/is/are + not + Complement (?) Am/is/are + Subject + Complement Contoh : * I am handsome (Saya tampan). * She is a dentist (Dia adalah seorang dokter gigi). * They are singer (Mereka adalah penyanyi).

2. B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + Verb 1 (s / es) + Complement (-) Subject + do/ does + not + Verb 1 + Complement (?) Do / Does + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement Contoh : We play football together. * He buys a book. * My mother cooks in the kitchen. * The sun rises in the east

3. 2. Present Continuous Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang sedang berlangsung di waktu sekarang. A. Kalimat Nominal Sama dengan Simple present tense. B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing + Complement (-) Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing + not + Complement (?) Am/is/are + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement Contoh : * We are singing now. * She is blowing the candle. * They are building the stable.

4. 3. Present Perfect Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah selesai dilakukan dalam waktu yang tidak tentu dimasa lampau dan biasanya membawa akibat dimasa sekarang. A. Kalimat Nominal Rumus : (+) Subject + Has/Have + been + Complement (-) Subject + Has/Have + not + been + Complement (?) Has/Have + Subject + been + Complement Contoh : * I have been here for an hour. * He has been in Sidney since two years ago.

5. B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + Has/Have + Verb 3 + Complement (-) Subject + Has/Have + not + Verb 3 + Complement (?) Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + Complement Contoh : * Mr. Ali has finished taught the students. * Rudi and Firman have played badminton.

6. 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang dimulai pada masa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang. A. Kalimat Nominal Sama dengan present perfect tense B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + Has/Have + been + Verb-ing + Complement (-) Subject + Has/Have + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement (?) Have/Has + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement Contoh : * The policeman has been chasing the robber for two hours. * My brother has been sleeping since six o’clock.

7. 5. Simple Past Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang terjadi pada waktu lampau. A. Kalimat Nominal Rumus : (+) Subject + was/were + Complement (-) Subject + was/were + not + Complement (?) Was/were + Subject + Complement Contoh : * I was in Jakarta last month. * You were angry last time. * She was sad yesterday.

8. B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + Verb 2 + Complement (-) Subject + did + not + Verb 1 + Complement (?) Did + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement Contoh : * I wrote the letter for you yesterday. * He replied the message a few minutes ago. * They came to my house last week.

9. 6. Past Continuous Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang berlangsung ketika peristiwa yang lain terjadi diwaktu yang lampau. A. Kalimat Nominal Sama dengan past tense B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + was/were + Verb-ing (-) Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing (?) Were/was + Subject + Verb-ing Contoh : * Roni was eating some meals when you came. * The bus driver was driving quickly when you called me.

10. 7. Past Perfect Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah selesai dilakukan ketika atau sebelum peristiwa yang lain terjadi pada waktu lampau. A. Kalimat Nominal Rumus : (+) Subject + had been + complement (-) Subject + had + not + been + Complement (?) Had + Subject + been + Complement Contoh : * They had been in Garuda restaurant before the punkers came. * She had been on the second floor of apartment when the telephone rang.

11. B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + had + Verb 3 + Complement (-) Subject + had + not + Verb 3 + Complement (?) Had + Subject + Verb 3 + Complement Contoh : * Santoso had written the novel. * The workers had built the bridge.

12. 8. Past Perfect Continues Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah sedang berlangsung selama jangka waktu tertentu ketika peristiwa yang lain terjadi pada waktu lampau. A. Kalimat Nominal Sama dengan past perfect tense B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + had + been + Verb-ing + Complement (-) Subject + had + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement (?) Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement Contoh : * Marissa had been swimming in the swimming pool

13. B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + will/shall + Verb 1 + Complement (-) Subject + will/shall + not + Verb 1 + Complement (?) Will/Shall + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement Contoh : * They will get an examination. * Mr. Ibnu will feed the fish.

14. 11. Future Perfect Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sudah selesai dilakukan dimasa mendatang. A. Kalimat Nominal Rumus: (+) Subject + will/shall + have been + Complement (-) Subject + will/shall + not + have + been + Complement (?) Will/shall + Subject + have + been + Complement Contoh : * They will have been in this garden at seven o’clock tomorrow..

15. 10. Future Continues Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung dalam waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang. A. Kalimat Nominal Sama dengan future tense B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + will/shall + be + Verb-ing + Complement (-) Subject + will/shall + not + be + Verb-ing + Complement (?) Will/shall + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Complement Contoh : * We will be fishing fish in the river at eight o’clock tomorrow. * Susi will be getting award from the teachers at this time next week.

16. 12. Future Perfect Continues Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan telah sedang berlangsung beberapa lama pada waktu yang akan datang. A. Kalimat Nominal Sama dengan future perfect tense B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + will/shall + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement (-) Subject + will/shall + have + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement (?) Will/shall + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement Contoh : * My family will have been staying in London for 3 years by next August. * My little sister will have been sleeping for five hours by eight o’clock.

17. 13. Past Future Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan dilakukan dimasa lampau namun tidak terjadi. A. Kalimat Nominal Rumus : (+) Subject + would/should + be + Complement (-) Subject + would/should + not + be + Complement (?) Would/should + Subject + be + Complement Contoh : * I would be nervous. * My friends would be in the hospital..

18. . Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + would/should + Verb 1 + Complement (-) Subject + would/should + not + Verb 1 + Complement (?) Would/should + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement Contoh :B * My father would blame you last week. * I would invite you to my party three days ago

19. 14. Past Future Continues Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dan pada masa yang lampau. A. Kalimat Nominal Sama dengan past future tense B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + would/should + be + Verb-ing + Complement (-) Subject + would/should + not + be + Verb-ing + Complement (?) Would/should + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Complement Contoh : * Jane would be cooking by this time yesterday * Ahmad would be reading newspaper.

20. 15. Past Future Perfect Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang seharusnya telah selesai dilakukan pada masa lalu. A . Kalimat Nominal Rumus : (+) Subject + would/should + have + been + Complement (-) Subject + would/should + not + have + been + Complement (?) Would/should + Subject + have + been + Complement Contoh : * Mr. James would have been here before he went to his office.

21. B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + would/should + have + Verb 3 + Complement (-) Subject + would/should + not + have + Verb 3 + Complement (?) Would/should + Subject + have + Verb 3 + Complement Contoh : * Michael would have made a good toy. * Susan would have finished her examination.

22. 16. Past Future Perfect Continues Tense Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang seharusnya telah sedang berlangsung selama jangka waktu tertentu pada masa lampau. A. Kalimat Nominal Sama dengan past future perfect tense B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : (+) Subject + would/should + have + been + Verb-ing + complement (-) Subject + would/should + not + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement (?) Would/should + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement Contoh : * The red hat boy would have been catching the ball. * I would have been staying here for 3 hours by yesterday.