Here are the responses with added independent clauses: 1. I finished my homework, and __I went outside to play__. 2. The dog barked loudly, but __the owner did not hear it__. 3. We went to the beach, or __we could have gone to the park__. 4. I ate an apple, so __I was not hungry for lunch__. 5. She studied all night, nor __did she get enough sleep__. ANCHOR Very good students. You have done it correctly. Now let us do one more exercise. VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN EXERCISE 2 Identify the type of each sentence - simple,

1. PES/XII/129/Transformation of Sentences Part I
A PUNJAB EDUSAT SOCIETY PRODUCTION
Revised by Baljeet Brar(pls. translate green portion into Punjabi)
SUBJECT - ENGLISH
CLASS - XII
MODULE - TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES PART II
TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES
ANCHOR
Good morning students!
How are you all feeling today?
Toady we have to continue our class on the topic TRANSFORMATION OF
SENTENCES.
I hope all of you remember what we learned in the previous class.
If yes then very good and if no then there will be recapitulation of what we have learned
in the previous class.
But before that let us see our learning objectives.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
In the following class students are going to
1. Have recapitulation of previous class.
2. They will be able to define compound sentences.
3. They would know what complex sentence means?
4. They would be able to identify both the types in sentences.
5. They would be able to give difference between the three types of sentences.
ANCHOR
Now we can begin our class.
Let us hear one story.
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN
STORY
THREE FRIENDS
Once there were three friends called simple sentence, compound sentence and
complex sentence. All three of them were true friends of each other. They used to live

2. together, eat together, and play together. Everything was done in tandem with each
other. Three of them worked in the court of the king, ENGLISH GRAMMAR.
They were sincere and dedicated courtiers. They always used to finish their work on
time. The king also loved them and appreciated them for their work.
Once, an Italian professor came to the English court. The king wants his best man to
talk and deal with the professor. After lot of thinking the king decided that his three best
men will deal with the professor.
The professor wanted to check the ability of English Court. He was welcomed with a
large heart.
No stones were left unturned for his hospitality. The professor was very happy.
He started meeting different courtiers of the court. He met Mr. noun, Mr. adjective etc.
later in the afternoon he met three best men of the king. The professor had heard about
these three men that they always work in tandem with each other. So he decided to test
them.
The professor called all three of them together. He asked all three to introduce
themselves.
Mr. Sentence said, “I am called an independent clause, contains a subject and a
verb, and expresses a complete thought.”
Mr. Compound said, “I contain two independent clauses joined by a coordinator.”
Mr. Complex said, “I always have an independent clause joined by one or more
dependent clauses.”
The professor was happy to listen to this introduction.
Then he said to Mr. sentence that you are an ordinary part of English Grammar, so I will
not waste my time on you. Rather I would like to talk more about compound and
complex sentence. They are quite important and different too.
This annoyed all three of them. Mr. Compound and Complex got furious and said to the
professor, “see Mr. Professor, we do not believe in this concept of ordinary or
extraordinary. and for your information Mr. Sentence is not just ordinary, he
holds the most crucial position in our court. He is actually the base of our court. If
he would not have been there then I and Mr. Compound would not have been
formed. After all at the end we too are sentences only, just having different
names.”
The professor was stunned to see this kind of friendship. He appreciated all three of
them and was full of respect for them. He told the king that these three are actually the
best men and best friends too. The king rewarded his three men and had applause for
them in the court too. Three of them were very happy to receive this honour and
promised each other to be together forever.
ANCHOR
Well students how was the story.
Wasn’t it interesting?
SUPER
What was the purpose of narrating this story?

3. ANCHOR
Well this story not only introduced all three types of sentences but it also told you that all
three are equally important and all three of them had their own purpose and function in
English grammar.
In the previous class we have learned few things let us recall them once before we go
further.
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN
RECAPITULATION
We have learned
1. Transformation of sentences means changing of one type of sentence into
another type.i.e.Identifying a simple sentence and then changing it into a
compound sentence or to a complex sentence or vice-versa etc.
2. Sentence is a group of words that makes sense.
3. Group of words which makes sense but not complete sense, is called a phrase.
4. Group pf words which forms a part of a sentence, and contains a subject and a
predicate of its own , is called a clause.
5. Sentence connector Is a word used to connect words or groups of words
6. A simple sentence is a sentence having one subject and one predicate, either
or both of which may be compound.
ANCHOR
Now I think we can continue further.
Well today we have to begin with COMPOUND sentences.
Let us get back to our forest scene.
(MM :SHOW A FOREST AND ONE MAN SEARCHING FOR SOMEONE.)
MAN: well Mr. Sentence had told me those Mr. Compound lives somewhere
nearby only. Where is he? Who is that standing there?
Man: hello, sir. May I know your name?
A bear; well hello I am Mr. Compound.
Man; oh hello sir, I had come to meet you only. Mr. Sentence has sent me to you.
Bear; well have a seat. How can I help you?
Man; Mr. Compound I want to know everything about you and Mr. Complex.
Bear; well I will be grateful to you to talk about myself and my friend. But what do
you want to know?
Man; I want to know who are you? What do you do? Etc.
Bear: see I am
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses
joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or,
yet, so.
And
Mr. Complex is

4. A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one
or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator such
as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that,
who, or which.
Man; sir can you give me some more details.
Bear ; well sir this was our key function. We hold a good position in English
grammar world. Both of us have their own identity. We re just another form of
classifying sentences after the category of assertive
Negative
Interrogative
Imperative
Exclamatory sentences
Man; well thank you sir. I had come to the forest to take interview of few people
out of which you were one of them. Thank you for giving your valuable time and
support.
Bear; oh you are welcome.
ANCHOR
Students see this conversation even tells you how we should talk to people.
Well let us begin our class.
You have seen definition of a Compound sentence.
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN
DEFINITION
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The
coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
FOR EXAMPLE
A. I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.
B. Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.
C. Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.
ANCHOR
In simple sentence there was a single clause
Here you have two independent clauses joined by a coordinator.
That is why you were taught coordinators in previous class.
See
In example A, two clauses are
SUPER
Can we have definition of clause once again.
ANCHOR
Yes a clause is
Group of words which forms a part of a sentence, and contains a
subject and a predicate of its own, is called a clause.

5. Ok now in example A two clauses are
1. I tried to speak Spanish
2. my friend tried to speak English
And both these two sentences are joined by the word AND.
Let us see some more examples first.
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN
EXAMPLES
1) Jack fell from the tree. Jack broke his hand.
2) I bought a new computer BUT it wasn’t working
3) Joe waited for the train, but the train was late
4) Mary and Samantha left on the bus before I arrived, so I did not see them at the bus
station.
5) The little girl agreed that they should eat more pizza, but her friend disagreed.
6) Jenny hid under the bed, while Lenny hid in the cabinet.
7) Sam went shopping, so Shelby played tennis.
8) I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak French.
9) Meg brought the food, so Kate set the table.
10) I went hiking, but my friend went jogging.
ANCHOR
So did you notice that all the examples had
o Two independent clauses
o A coordinator
o A comma.
It is quite clear from the above examples that the independent clauses of a compound
sentence may be connected in one of the three ways:
1. By using a comma before a conjunction.
2. By using a semicolon without a conjunction ( as in first example)
3. By using a conjunction without a comma.
ALWAYS REMEMBER
The point to keep in mind is that the compound sentence must be the equivalent of at
least two complete simple sentences.
For example
A. A good mother today cooks, earns and runs the home selflessly.
B. A good mother today cooks and earns, and runs the home selflessly.
SUPER
Sentence B is compound sentence.
ANCHOR
Yes true.

6. I hope students you must have understood what a compound sentence is?
Let us now do an exercise.
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN
EXERCISE 1
Each sentence below is followed by a coordinating conjunction. Add an independent
clause that would make sense, keeping in mind the relationship between clauses.
COMPLETE THE SENTENCE.
First three are done for you.
1. My dog likes to eat grass, even though she's not allowed.
2. My family is very caring, even though they may get on my nerves sometimes.
3. The dog like to play fetch, while the cat likes to roll in the grass.
4. Samuel seldom thinks for himself, so
_____________________________________.
5. I don’t believe everything I read, for
______________________________________.
6. My mother follows her horoscope, but
____________________________________.
7. The media often exaggerates events, and
_________________________________.
8. The teacher is not always right, nor
______________________________________.
9. I didn’t like the first class, yet
___________________________________________.
10. I can believe everything I hear, or
_______________________________________.
EXERCISE 2
Indicate whether the following sentences are SIMPLE or COMPOUND sentences.
1. His courage won him honour.
2. She came here and she saw me.
3. Soldiers in uniform marched down the road.
4. The boy was disobedient and so the teacher punished him.
5. Inspite of his hard work, the boy didn’t succeed.
6. Night came on and rain heavily. And we all got very wet.
7. Tom went to the shop, bought a pen, and then he went to school.
8. He confessed his crime.
9. During his boyhood, Lincoln did not go to school.
10. He worked hard to pass the examinations.
ANCHOR
ANSWERS
1. Simple
2. Compound

7. 3. Simple
4. Compound
5. Simple
6. Compound
7. Compound
8. Simple
9. Simple
10. Simple
Well now a compound sentence must be clear to you.
MM 1. SHOW A BEAR AS Mr. complex sentence walking on the screen.
2. Show him entering into the class.
3. He questions the teacher and says
Bear: teacher, when will you teach about me?
Teacher : Mr. bear have some patience. Just now I have finished talking about your
friend Mr. compound. Now it is your turn.
Bear: oh well fine. I am sorry to disturb your class.
(Mr. bear gives naughty expression , blinks his eye and moves out of the class.)
ANCHOR
A smart bear. Right students.
Well now we will study complex sentences.
SUPER
DEFINITION
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or
more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator
such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun
such as that, who, or which.
FOR EXAMPLE
1. I will be in school when you arrive.
2. I shall not go to the park if it rains.
3. This is the man whose car was stolen.
ANCHOR
In simple sentence there was a single clause
In compound sentence you have two independent clauses joined by a coordinator.
But in complex sentence
1. There is one independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses.
2. A subordinate clause does not express a complete thought. Though it has a
subject and a predicate.
3. It should never be punctuated.
Like in the above examples if you will notice:
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN

8. INDEPENDENT clause SUBORDINATE clause
1. I will be in school when you arrive.
2. I shall not go to the park if it rains.
3. This is the man whose car was stolen.
ANCHOR
In these three sentences SUBORDINATE clause has a subject and predicate but
individually it seems to be incomplete.
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN
1. when you arrive
2. if it rains.
3. whose car was stolen.
ANCHOR
When you read these sentences one feels something has happened in relation to this
action.
I hope it is clear to you now. Let us see some more examples.
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN
EXAMPLES
1. When the bell rang the children quickly lined up.
2. When the breeze blew mehul flew his new kite.
3. Although it was cold she went outside in a t-shirt.
4. Snow started to fall after the wind stopped.
5. We will win the match if we play our best.
6. The runner sprinted over the line though he was tired.
7. David, who had a sore throat, sang beautifully.
8. Mr. G, who teaches at my school, likes to play football.
9. Mary, singing to herself, skipped down the road.
10. The puppy, tired of walking, started to bark.
ANCHOR
.the part of a sentence in red is a subordinate clause. It can come anywhere in the
sentence.
Well let us do some exercise to solve our queries.
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN
EXERCISE 1
Convert the following simple sentences to complex sentences.
1. She hoped to win the prize.
Giving best shot in the competition she hoped to win the prize.
_____________________________________.
2. They admitted stealing the money.

9. __________________________________________.
3. She overheard all his remarks.
______________________________________.
4. They confessed their fault.
______________________________________.
5. Ram is said to be millionaire.
______________________________________.
6. Their hiding place is still unknown.
__________________________________.
7. They cannot understand our ideas.
_________________________________ .
8. We expect to meet the chief minister.
_________________________________ .
9. Tell the truth.
_________________________________ .
10. He requests for help.
________________________________.
ANCHOR
Let us do another exercise.
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN
EXERCISE 2
Writing a Variety of Sentence Structures
Write your own original sentences according to the following instructions.
1. a simple sentence with a compound subject
_________________________________________________ .
2. a compound sentence joined by or
___________________________________________________.
3. a complex sentence with a subordinate clause at the end of the sentence
___________________________________________________ .
4. a complex sentence with a subordinate clause that begins with who
__________________________________________________.
5. a complex sentence with a subordinate clause at the beginning of the sentence
___________________________________________________.
ANCHOR
The above exercise was to judge your overall understanding of the topic.
Even this exercise solves the same purpose.
VO WITH TEXT ON SCREEN

10. EXERCISE 3A
This is a sentence identification quiz. Please indicate whether each of the following
.sentences is simple, compound, or complex. First four are done for you,
1: Helen Keller was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama, in 1880 and died in 1968.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
2: Until she was 19 months of age, her sight and hearing were normal.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
3: At the age of 19 months, a severe illness left her deaf and blind.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
4: When she was seven, she began her education in reading and writing with Anne
Sullivan of the Perkins Institute for the Blind.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
5: Through persistence and stubbornness, Anne breaks through Helen's walls of silence
and darkness and teaches her to communicate.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
6: Helen Keller learned to read by the Braille system, and she learned to write by using
a specially constructed typewriter.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
7: Later, she entered Radcliffe College and graduated with honors in 1904.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
8: Helen Keller's story needed to be told, so in 1962, a beautiful movie was made about
her life.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
9: "If there were only joy in the world, we could never learn to be brave and patient." --
Helen Keller
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex

11. 10: "Life is either a daring adventure, or it is nothing." -- Helen Keller
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
EXERCISE 3B
1: The Americanization of Shadrach Cohen is a short story about values by Bruno
Lessing.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
2: Shadrach Cohen had two sons, Abel and Gottlieb.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
3: When Abel and Gottlieb moved to New York, they opened their own business in their
father's name.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
4: The business was successful, so Abel and Gottlieb told their father to join them in
New York City.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
5: When Shadrach came, he brought Marta, the family maidservant.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
6: When the ship landed, Shadrach was met by two dapper-looking young men.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
7: Each son wore a flashy tie with a diamond pin.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
8: Shadrach's sons welcomed him to the new land, but they were amazed by his old
fashioned appearance.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
9: Shadrach looked like so many new immigrants that Gottlieb and Abel had ridiculed in
the past.
• Simple

12. • Compound
• Complex
10: Gottlieb and Abel first wanted to take their father to a barbershop to trim his beard to
make him look more like an American.
• Simple
• Compound
• Complex
ANCHOR
Well students now we expect you to have understood the topic completely and properly.
I have given you simplified explanation with good number of examples and enough
exercises.
Now it is your duty to go through the topic surely. If there will be any query we can take
that up in the next class. But do revise your work otherwise everything will be confusing
for you.
END