- Tablet compression machines use punches and dies to compress powder ingredients into tablets of precise shapes and sizes. - They can produce tablets in round, oval, or other geometric shapes, and can imprint logos or text on the tablets. - Tablet presses work by filling powder into dies, then pressing the powder between an upper and lower punch to form tablets. - Punches and dies come in different types depending on the tablet shape needed, such as round, oval, capsule, or irregular shapes.

1. TABLET COMPRESSION
MACHINES

2. Introduction
 The tablet press is a high-speed mechanical
device. It compresses the ingredients into the
required tablet shape with extreme precision. It
can make the tablet in many shapes, although
they are usually round or oval. Also, it can press
the name of the manufacturer or the product into
the top of the tablet .
 Tablet punching machines work on the principle of
compression.
 A tablet is formed by the combined pressing
action of two punches and a die.

3. Tooling Station :- The upper
punch ,the lower punch and
the die which accommodate
one station in a tablet press.
Tooling Set :- A complete set
of punches and dies to
accommodate all stations in a
tablet press.
Punches & Dies

4. B and D tooling
 Tablet compression machines are made in
keeping in view the type of dies and punches will
be used on them , The dies and punches and
their setup on compression machine is called
tooling , it is classified as B and D mainly .
The B tooling dies and punch can be further have
specifications as BB and D tooling can also be
dies and punches can be utilsed on B tooling
machine which is called as DB
Mainly there are two standards, a D and B .

5. Difference between B and D
tooling

6. Different Shapes of Dies and
Punches
 Round shape punch die set
 Oval shape punch die set
 Capsule shape punch die set
 Geometric shape punch die set
 Irregular shape punch die set

7. Used by pharmaceutical
and veterinary industry.
Can manufacture following
type of tablets:
Shallow Concave Ball
Shape
Deep Concave Flat
Faced
Concave with Edges Flat
with Bevel Edges
Normal Concave
Round shape Punch Die Set

8. Applicable to pharmaceutical
and ayurvedic industries.
Can manufacture following
types of tablets:
Flat Faced Flat with bevel
edges
Concave/Deep/Deep
Concave with bevel edges.
Oval Shape Punch Die Set

9. Applicable to
pharmaceutical and
ayurvedic industries.
Can manufacture
following types of tablets:
Concave with Edges
Deep Concave Flat
Faced
Normal concave Flat
with Bevel Edges.
Capsule shape punch die set

10. Applicable to
pharmaceutical,
confectionery, chemical,
industrial powder
metallurgy industries.Can
manufacture following
types of tablet:
Triangular
Benzene
Rhombus Rectangular
Square
Geometric Shape Punch Die Set

11. Are applicable to
confectionery
industries.
Available with different
size, concavity, and flat
in plain or engraved
break line.
Irregular Shape Punch Die Set

12. Parts Of A TabletPress
Tablet presses are designed with following basic
components:
1.Hopper for holding and feeding granulation
2.Dies that define the size and shape of the tablet.
3.Punches for compressing the granulation
within the dies.
3.Cam tracks for guiding the
movement of the punches.
4.A feeding mechanism for moving granulation from
hopper into the dies.

14. Auxiliary Equipments
1.Granulation Feeding Device:
In many cases, speed of die table is such that the time of
die under feed frame is too short to allow adequate or
consistent gravity filling of die with granules, resulting in
weight variation and content uniformity. These also seen
with poorly flowing granules. To avoid these problems,
mechanized feeder can employ to force granules into die
cavity.
2.Tablet weight monitoring devices:-
High rate of tablet output with modern press requires
continuous tablet weight monitoring with electronic
monitoring devices

15. 3. Tablet Deduster : -
In almost all cases, tablets coming out of a tablet
machine bear excess powder on its surface and are
run through the tablet deduster to remove that
excess powder.
4. Fette machine
Fette machine is device that chills the compression
components to allow the compression of low
melting point substance such as waxes and
thereby making it possible to compress product
with low meting points.

16. Types of tablet compression
machines
Single punch tablet compression machine
Multi-punch tablet compression machines
Rotary tablet compression machine
Multilayer rotary tablet compression machine

18. Single Punch Tablet Press
 Single punch tablet press is also called as a
eccentric press or single station press
 It is most simplest machine for tablet
manufacturing
 Single station tablet press employs a single
tooling station that is a die and a pair of upper
and lower punches
 This tablet press is available as both manually
operated and power driven

19. In this single punch
tablet press, the
compaction force on
the fill material is
exerted by only the
upper punch while
the lower punch is
immovable such as
action equivalent to
hammering motion

21. Multi-punch tablet compression m

22. It is also called multi
station tablet press.
Multi station presses
are termed rotary
because the head of
the machine that
holds the upper
punches, dies and
lower punches in
place rotates.
Rotary Tablet Press

23. Steps associated with Single punch & Rotatory
punch machine

24. Working Principle of
Compression Machine:
1. Filling and Dosing of the Dies
The material to be pressed reaches the rotary or
gravityfeeder
from the material supply. The fill cam below the feeder
pulls
the lower punches down by a fixed amount and the dies
are
filled with material. The quantity of the material filled in is
larger than the actual amount required i.e. excess dosing
is
done.
Thereafter, the dosing unit lifts the lower punches until
only

25. 2. Compression of the Tablets
After that, the upper cam course lowers the
upper punch until the upper punches are
inserted into the dies. The lower punches are
guide to the pre-compression cam.
When the punches pass the pre-compression
cam, they are inserted a little more into the
dies and the material is pre-compressed and
the slugs are formed. Thereafter, in the main
compression roller,
the tablets reach their final height and hardness.

26. 3. Ejection and Exit of the Tablets
After the compression, the upper cam course pulls
the
upper punches into their top position and
simultaneously the ejection device lifts the lower
punches until the tablets are ejected from the dies.
The tablet stripping device strips the tablets off the
lower punches and passes them on to the
discharge chute.

27. The stages in the compression cycle are shown in figure

30. Multilayer rotary tablet
compression machine