Systemicr
•Download as PPT, PDF•
4 likes•3,095 views
The document discusses various systemic diseases that can affect the eye, including infectious diseases like toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS, as well as non-infectious conditions like diabetes, connective tissue diseases, and vasculitides. It then provides more detailed information about three conditions - thyroid eye disease, sarcoidosis, and phakomatoses - describing their typical ocular manifestations and systemic involvement.
Report
Share
Report
Share
![Common systemic diseases affecting the eye ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Syphilis
description on its causes, types, stages, sign and symptoms, its ocular or ophthalmic manifestations, investigations and treatment
Ocular manifestations of hiv
Ocular Manifestations of HIV outlines common eye diseases seen in patients with HIV/AIDS. A study in Ethiopia found 60% of HIV patients had at least one ocular manifestation, most commonly retinal microvasculopathy (24%). Posterior segment manifestations include opportunistic infections like cytomegalovirus retinitis (30-40% of patients) and varicella zoster virus retinitis. Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations occur in 10-15% of patients and include optic neuritis, optic atrophy, and cranial nerve palsies. Children with HIV have fewer ocular manifestations than adults.
Occular manifestations of HIV
An unnamed adult film star tested positive for HIV during a routine examination, prompting the Hollywood adult film industry to shut down production indefinitely. Ocular manifestations of HIV infection are common, affecting around 70-80% of those with HIV. Manifestations can include lesions around the eye, inflammation and infections of the front and back of the eye, and neurological issues. Complications depend on whether the virus causes inflammation, nerve damage, or scarring of tissues. Monitoring CD4 counts helps predict risk of specific infections, though some can occur at higher counts due to antiretroviral therapy. A variety of opportunistic infections and cancers can impact the eyes.
Ocular manifestations in aids
1) Ocular manifestations occur in around 75% of AIDS patients and can be an early indicator of the disease. They include retinal microvasculopathy, opportunistic infections like CMV retinitis, and unusual neoplasms.
2) Retinal microvasculopathy is caused by a vasoocclusive process due to the direct effects of HIV on blood vessels, presenting as cotton wool spots, hemorrhages, and microaneurysms.
3) Common opportunistic infections affecting the eye are CMV retinitis, the leading cause of blindness in AIDS patients, Candida endophthalmitis, Cryptococcal infections, and Pneumocystis choroiditis.
Chorioretinopathies of Unknown Etiology (WhiteDots)
Reported 2015, my last report in UVEA; based on AAO--With the help of Dr, Daniel Baskin and Dr, Pia Galvante
Ocular manifestations of hiv final 2
This document discusses the ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS. It begins with an introduction on HIV/AIDS and how it leads to opportunistic infections and neoplasms. It then discusses the various ocular manifestations which are divided into adnexal, anterior segment, posterior segment, neuro-ophthalmic, orbital manifestations, and drug-related toxicity. Under each section, it describes specific conditions such as herpes zoster ophthalmicus, Kaposi's sarcoma, cytomegalovirus retinitis, and their treatments.
ocular Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas in multiple organs. Ocular involvement occurs in 25-60% of sarcoidosis patients and most commonly manifests as chronic anterior uveitis. The document outlines the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features involving the eyes and other organ systems, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and complications of ocular sarcoidosis. Investigations like lab tests, imaging, and biopsy are used to diagnose sarcoidosis and rule out other differentials when the clinical features are present.
Ocular manifestations of HIV
Ocular involvement in HIV could be caused by opportunistic infections, vascular abnormalities, neoplasms, neuro-ophthalmic conditions, and adverse effects of medications.
Ocular involvement in HIV infection occurs most commonly due to opportunistic infections and neoplasms. But also can be due to drug related and direct infections.
Opportunistic infections like CMV retinitis occur with a significantly reduced CD4 T-cell count and are one of the common causes of blindness in HIV patients.
Unlike other diseases, ocular infection in these immunosuppressed patients is associated with minimal inflammatory signs.
HIV has been isolated from tears, cornea, vitreous, and chorioretinal tissue in affected persons.
The ocular structures affected by HIV include the adnexa, anterior segment, posterior segment, and orbit.
Neuro ophthalmological manifestations also may be seen.
The institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has caused a dramatic improvement in the immune status of HIV-infected individuals and a change in the clinical presentation and course of opportunistic infections.
Recommended
Syphilis
description on its causes, types, stages, sign and symptoms, its ocular or ophthalmic manifestations, investigations and treatment
Ocular manifestations of hiv
Ocular Manifestations of HIV outlines common eye diseases seen in patients with HIV/AIDS. A study in Ethiopia found 60% of HIV patients had at least one ocular manifestation, most commonly retinal microvasculopathy (24%). Posterior segment manifestations include opportunistic infections like cytomegalovirus retinitis (30-40% of patients) and varicella zoster virus retinitis. Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations occur in 10-15% of patients and include optic neuritis, optic atrophy, and cranial nerve palsies. Children with HIV have fewer ocular manifestations than adults.
Occular manifestations of HIV
An unnamed adult film star tested positive for HIV during a routine examination, prompting the Hollywood adult film industry to shut down production indefinitely. Ocular manifestations of HIV infection are common, affecting around 70-80% of those with HIV. Manifestations can include lesions around the eye, inflammation and infections of the front and back of the eye, and neurological issues. Complications depend on whether the virus causes inflammation, nerve damage, or scarring of tissues. Monitoring CD4 counts helps predict risk of specific infections, though some can occur at higher counts due to antiretroviral therapy. A variety of opportunistic infections and cancers can impact the eyes.
Ocular manifestations in aids
1) Ocular manifestations occur in around 75% of AIDS patients and can be an early indicator of the disease. They include retinal microvasculopathy, opportunistic infections like CMV retinitis, and unusual neoplasms.
2) Retinal microvasculopathy is caused by a vasoocclusive process due to the direct effects of HIV on blood vessels, presenting as cotton wool spots, hemorrhages, and microaneurysms.
3) Common opportunistic infections affecting the eye are CMV retinitis, the leading cause of blindness in AIDS patients, Candida endophthalmitis, Cryptococcal infections, and Pneumocystis choroiditis.
Chorioretinopathies of Unknown Etiology (WhiteDots)
Reported 2015, my last report in UVEA; based on AAO--With the help of Dr, Daniel Baskin and Dr, Pia Galvante
Ocular manifestations of hiv final 2
This document discusses the ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS. It begins with an introduction on HIV/AIDS and how it leads to opportunistic infections and neoplasms. It then discusses the various ocular manifestations which are divided into adnexal, anterior segment, posterior segment, neuro-ophthalmic, orbital manifestations, and drug-related toxicity. Under each section, it describes specific conditions such as herpes zoster ophthalmicus, Kaposi's sarcoma, cytomegalovirus retinitis, and their treatments.
ocular Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas in multiple organs. Ocular involvement occurs in 25-60% of sarcoidosis patients and most commonly manifests as chronic anterior uveitis. The document outlines the definition, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features involving the eyes and other organ systems, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and complications of ocular sarcoidosis. Investigations like lab tests, imaging, and biopsy are used to diagnose sarcoidosis and rule out other differentials when the clinical features are present.
Ocular manifestations of HIV
Ocular involvement in HIV could be caused by opportunistic infections, vascular abnormalities, neoplasms, neuro-ophthalmic conditions, and adverse effects of medications.
Ocular involvement in HIV infection occurs most commonly due to opportunistic infections and neoplasms. But also can be due to drug related and direct infections.
Opportunistic infections like CMV retinitis occur with a significantly reduced CD4 T-cell count and are one of the common causes of blindness in HIV patients.
Unlike other diseases, ocular infection in these immunosuppressed patients is associated with minimal inflammatory signs.
HIV has been isolated from tears, cornea, vitreous, and chorioretinal tissue in affected persons.
The ocular structures affected by HIV include the adnexa, anterior segment, posterior segment, and orbit.
Neuro ophthalmological manifestations also may be seen.
The institution of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has caused a dramatic improvement in the immune status of HIV-infected individuals and a change in the clinical presentation and course of opportunistic infections.
Ocular manifestations of HIV
This document discusses the various ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS. It begins by introducing that HIV causes a decrease in CD4+ T lymphocytes, leading to opportunistic infections and tumors. Approximately 70-75% of HIV patients develop some form of ocular involvement. The document then categorizes and describes the different types of ocular manifestations including: adnexal manifestations (herpes zoster ophthalmicus, Kaposi sarcoma, etc.), anterior segment manifestations (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, keratitis, iridocyclitis), posterior segment manifestations (HIV retinopathy, CMV retinitis, acute retinal necrosis), neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, orbital manifestations, and drug-
Cmv retinitis
This document discusses cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR), which is caused by cytomegalovirus infection and most commonly affects immunocompromised individuals. It presents the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of CMVR. The clinical presentation of CMVR ranges from asymptomatic to vision loss and includes retinal lesions that progress in a brushfire manner. Diagnosis involves clinical examination supplemented by laboratory tests when needed. Treatment involves antiviral drugs like ganciclovir, foscarnet and cidofovir.
HIV Retinopathy
This document summarizes the presentation and management of a patient with HIV who presented with vision loss in the right eye. Examination found severe vision loss and retinal necrosis in the right eye. Labs showed positive syphilis serology. The patient was diagnosed with syphilitic retinitis and treated with IV penicillin. Vision improved after treatment.
Vogt koyanagi-harada disease
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is an autoimmune reaction to melanocytes that causes bilateral uveitis and can involve other organs. It has three phases: a prodromal phase with influenza-like symptoms, an uveitic phase with ocular inflammation and retinal detachment, and a chronic phase with depigmentation and recurrence of inflammation. Diagnosis involves evaluating for ocular inflammation as well as neurological, auditory, and integumentary symptoms. Treatment is with systemic corticosteroids, though recurrence and complications are possible.
Choroiditis
This document discusses choroiditis, an inflammation of the choroid layer of the eye. It begins by introducing choroiditis and classifying it anatomically and by etiology. It then discusses infectious causes such as parasites, bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Non-infectious causes are also listed. The document outlines symptoms, signs, and characteristics of choroiditis lesions. Specific sections provide details on toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis, two common causes of choroiditis. Treatment options including medications, surgery, and procedures are mentioned. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of choroiditis, including causes, presentation, diagnosis, and management.
White dot syndromes
The white dot syndromes are a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. They include birdshot retinochoroidopathy, multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis, punctate inner choroidopathy, subretinal fibrosis and uveitis syndrome, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, and serpiginous choroidopathy. The etiology is unknown but may be autoimmune or infectious. Patients typically present with blurred vision, photopsias, and floaters. Examinations reveal multiple cream-colored lesions throughout the fundus. Treatment involves corticosteroids and immunosuppress
Vkh
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a multisystem autoimmune disorder that commonly affects the eyes, skin, brain and inner ears. It is characterized by granulomatous panuveitis with exudative retinal detachments in the eyes. The disease is most common in Asian and Hispanic populations between 20-50 years of age. The cause is unknown but believed to be a cell-mediated autoimmune reaction against melanocytes. Diagnosis is based on clinical features including retinal detachments, neurological signs, skin changes and investigations such as fluorescein angiography and lumbar puncture. Treatment involves high-dose corticosteroids with immunosuppressants to prevent recurrences
SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMIA & VKH SYNDROME
Sympathetic ophthalmia and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease are both rare granulomatous uveitides that can cause bilateral eye inflammation. Sympathetic ophthalmia occurs after trauma or surgery to one eye, while VKH disease is thought to be an autoimmune response against ocular and skin melanocytes. Both can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly with high-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Imaging like fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography are useful for monitoring disease activity and response to treatment.
White dot syndrome
White dot syndromes are a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. They include conditions like birdshot retinochoroidopathy, multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis, and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Symptoms include blurred vision, photopsias, and visual field changes. Treatment involves corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Prognosis depends on the specific condition but many white dot syndromes resolve spontaneously without long-term vision loss.
WHITE DOT SYNDROMES OF THE RETINAL INFLAMATION
This document summarizes several idiopathic inflammatory white dot syndromes of the eye, including multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC), birdshot retinochoroidopathy, multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis, and serpiginous choroidopathy. It describes the characteristics, angiographic findings, treatment approaches, clinical courses, complications, and prognoses for each condition.
Uveitis in Behcet disease and VKH
This document provides information on Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome (VKH) and Behcet's Disease. It discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of both conditions. VKH is an autoimmune disease affecting melanocytes in the skin, eyes, inner ears, and brain. It presents with uveitis, hearing loss, neurological symptoms, and depigmentation. Behcet's disease is a systemic vasculitis of unknown origin that can cause oral ulcers, skin lesions, genital ulcers, arthritis, and ocular inflammation.
Acute retinal necrosis syndrome
This document provides an overview of Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome (ARN), a rare but potentially blinding condition caused by herpes viruses like varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus. It discusses the clinical presentation, course, risk factors, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of ARN. Key points include:
1) ARN causes necrotizing retinitis and vasculitis that can lead to retinal detachment if left untreated.
2) It is typically treated with high-dose intravenous antiviral medications like acyclovir followed by long-term oral antivirals to prevent involvement of the second eye.
3) Prognosis is poor if
Eye in systemic dis
The document discusses various ocular manifestations of systemic diseases. Some key points:
- The eyes can be involved in diseases affecting other parts of the body. Ocular signs may provide diagnostic clues.
- Corneal diseases are related to skin/mucous membrane disorders and collagen disorders. Cataracts are related to genetic, metabolic, infectious and toxic causes.
- Retinal diseases are related to cardiovascular, collagen and endocrine diseases, as well as skin/gastrointestinal disorders and hematological/infectious conditions.
- Thyroid eye disease causes puffy eyelids, eye discomfort and double vision. It involves extraocular muscle and orbital fat infiltration.
- Neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis
Lecture on Sympathetic Ophthalmia For 4th Year MBBS Undergraduate Students By...
Lecture on Sympathetic Ophthalmia For 4th Year MBBS Undergraduate Students By...DrHussainAhmadKhaqan
Lecture on Sympathetic Ophthalmia For 4th Year MBBS Undergraduate Students By Prof. Dr. Hussain Ahmad KhaqanOcular manifestation of hiv
This document discusses the various ocular manifestations of HIV infection, which are categorized into adnexal, anterior segment, posterior segment, neuro-ophthalmic, orbital, and drug-related manifestations. Some of the key manifestations discussed include cytomegalovirus retinitis, which presents as a hemorrhagic necrotizing retinitis that spreads in a "brushfire" pattern and is the most common cause of intraocular infection in patients with CD4 counts below 50. Kaposi sarcoma and herpes zoster ophthalmicus are also discussed as common adnexal manifestations. Treatment options are provided for many of the ocular conditions.
AIDS and eye problem
This document discusses various opportunistic infections that can affect the eyes of patients with AIDS as their CD4+ T-lymphocyte count decreases. Kaposi sarcoma, TB uveitis, toxoplasmosis, and CMV retinitis are more likely to occur at CD4+ counts below 500, 250, and 50 cells/ml respectively. These and other infections like herpes zoster ophthalmicus and candida endophthalmitis are described in terms of their symptoms, diagnostic approach, and treatment.
MANIFESTACIONES OCULARES DE ENFERMEDADES SISTEMICAS
The document discusses several common systemic diseases that can affect the eye, including infectious diseases like toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis, as well as non-infectious conditions like diabetes, connective tissue diseases, and vasculitides. It then provides more detailed information about three conditions - thyroid eye disease, sarcoidosis, and phacomatoses - describing their typical ocular manifestations and systemic involvement.
Ocular manifestations of AIDS
This document discusses ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS. It begins by describing HIV/AIDS etiology, noting that HIV-1 is the most common type worldwide. It then discusses various ocular manifestations associated with different CD4 counts, including Kaposi's sarcoma, CMV retinitis, and HIV retinopathy. Specific conditions of the anterior segment like molluscum contagiosum and of the posterior segment like CMV retinitis are then described in more detail, including characteristics, treatment options, and images. The document emphasizes that CMV retinitis is the most common opportunistic infection and discusses antiviral treatments for it like ganciclovir and foscarnet. It concludes by noting
white dot syndrome
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on white dot syndrome and inflammatory choroidal disorders given by Dr. Shashidhar Patil. It defines white dot syndrome as a group of idiopathic immunological disorders characterized by multiple white lesions in the fundus. It classifies choroidal inflammatory disorders into inflammatory choriocapillaropathies, which involve the choriocapillaris, and stromal choroiditis, which involve the choroidal stroma. Specific disorders discussed include multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, birdshot chorioretinopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, and serpiginous
Ocular manifestations of tuberculosis infection
Ocular manifestations of TB can affect any part of the eye. Secondary ocular TB results from hematogenous spread from a distant site. Presentations include adnexal lesions like lupus vulgaris and eyelid granulomas. Anterior segment involvement includes conjunctivitis, granulomas, keratitis and iridocyclitis. Posterior segment manifestations are choroidal tubercles, tuberculomas, serpiginous-like choroiditis and subretinal abscesses. Neuro-ophthalmic signs consist of optic nerve tubercles or neuritis. Complications include cataracts, glaucoma, cystoid macular edema and retinal detachment. Treatment involves antitubercular drugs
AIDS and its ocular presentation
This document discusses AIDS and its ocular manifestations. It begins with an introduction to AIDS, noting that eye involvement occurs in 90% of autopsy cases and ocular complications are present in 75% of patients with AIDS. It then covers the global prevalence of HIV/AIDS, modes of transmission, pathophysiology involving destruction of CD4+ cells, common signs and symptoms affecting multiple organ systems, diagnosis including CD4+ cell counts and WHO staging, and various ocular manifestations such as CMV retinitis, toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis, HIV retinopathy, progressive outer retinal necrosis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and Kaposi's sarcoma.
My resume in 120 seconds july 2011
Daniel Kölsch is summarizing his resume in 120 seconds. He has over 18 years of experience in finance with a strong international background. He is multi-lingual, passionate about financial products and markets, and a global specialist for alternative asset managers. Currently he is a Senior Director at Standard & Poor's focusing on alternative asset managers globally. His goals are to be recognized as an entrepreneur and to make a meaningful impact.
More Related Content
What's hot
Ocular manifestations of HIV
This document discusses the various ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS. It begins by introducing that HIV causes a decrease in CD4+ T lymphocytes, leading to opportunistic infections and tumors. Approximately 70-75% of HIV patients develop some form of ocular involvement. The document then categorizes and describes the different types of ocular manifestations including: adnexal manifestations (herpes zoster ophthalmicus, Kaposi sarcoma, etc.), anterior segment manifestations (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, keratitis, iridocyclitis), posterior segment manifestations (HIV retinopathy, CMV retinitis, acute retinal necrosis), neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, orbital manifestations, and drug-
Cmv retinitis
This document discusses cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR), which is caused by cytomegalovirus infection and most commonly affects immunocompromised individuals. It presents the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of CMVR. The clinical presentation of CMVR ranges from asymptomatic to vision loss and includes retinal lesions that progress in a brushfire manner. Diagnosis involves clinical examination supplemented by laboratory tests when needed. Treatment involves antiviral drugs like ganciclovir, foscarnet and cidofovir.
HIV Retinopathy
This document summarizes the presentation and management of a patient with HIV who presented with vision loss in the right eye. Examination found severe vision loss and retinal necrosis in the right eye. Labs showed positive syphilis serology. The patient was diagnosed with syphilitic retinitis and treated with IV penicillin. Vision improved after treatment.
Vogt koyanagi-harada disease
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease is an autoimmune reaction to melanocytes that causes bilateral uveitis and can involve other organs. It has three phases: a prodromal phase with influenza-like symptoms, an uveitic phase with ocular inflammation and retinal detachment, and a chronic phase with depigmentation and recurrence of inflammation. Diagnosis involves evaluating for ocular inflammation as well as neurological, auditory, and integumentary symptoms. Treatment is with systemic corticosteroids, though recurrence and complications are possible.
Choroiditis
This document discusses choroiditis, an inflammation of the choroid layer of the eye. It begins by introducing choroiditis and classifying it anatomically and by etiology. It then discusses infectious causes such as parasites, bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Non-infectious causes are also listed. The document outlines symptoms, signs, and characteristics of choroiditis lesions. Specific sections provide details on toxoplasmosis and toxocariasis, two common causes of choroiditis. Treatment options including medications, surgery, and procedures are mentioned. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of choroiditis, including causes, presentation, diagnosis, and management.
White dot syndromes
The white dot syndromes are a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. They include birdshot retinochoroidopathy, multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis, punctate inner choroidopathy, subretinal fibrosis and uveitis syndrome, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, and serpiginous choroidopathy. The etiology is unknown but may be autoimmune or infectious. Patients typically present with blurred vision, photopsias, and floaters. Examinations reveal multiple cream-colored lesions throughout the fundus. Treatment involves corticosteroids and immunosuppress
Vkh
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a multisystem autoimmune disorder that commonly affects the eyes, skin, brain and inner ears. It is characterized by granulomatous panuveitis with exudative retinal detachments in the eyes. The disease is most common in Asian and Hispanic populations between 20-50 years of age. The cause is unknown but believed to be a cell-mediated autoimmune reaction against melanocytes. Diagnosis is based on clinical features including retinal detachments, neurological signs, skin changes and investigations such as fluorescein angiography and lumbar puncture. Treatment involves high-dose corticosteroids with immunosuppressants to prevent recurrences
SYMPATHETIC OPHTHALMIA & VKH SYNDROME
Sympathetic ophthalmia and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease are both rare granulomatous uveitides that can cause bilateral eye inflammation. Sympathetic ophthalmia occurs after trauma or surgery to one eye, while VKH disease is thought to be an autoimmune response against ocular and skin melanocytes. Both can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly with high-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Imaging like fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography are useful for monitoring disease activity and response to treatment.
White dot syndrome
White dot syndromes are a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the outer retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. They include conditions like birdshot retinochoroidopathy, multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis, and acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Symptoms include blurred vision, photopsias, and visual field changes. Treatment involves corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs. Prognosis depends on the specific condition but many white dot syndromes resolve spontaneously without long-term vision loss.
WHITE DOT SYNDROMES OF THE RETINAL INFLAMATION
This document summarizes several idiopathic inflammatory white dot syndromes of the eye, including multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC), birdshot retinochoroidopathy, multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis, and serpiginous choroidopathy. It describes the characteristics, angiographic findings, treatment approaches, clinical courses, complications, and prognoses for each condition.
Uveitis in Behcet disease and VKH
This document provides information on Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome (VKH) and Behcet's Disease. It discusses the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of both conditions. VKH is an autoimmune disease affecting melanocytes in the skin, eyes, inner ears, and brain. It presents with uveitis, hearing loss, neurological symptoms, and depigmentation. Behcet's disease is a systemic vasculitis of unknown origin that can cause oral ulcers, skin lesions, genital ulcers, arthritis, and ocular inflammation.
Acute retinal necrosis syndrome
This document provides an overview of Acute Retinal Necrosis Syndrome (ARN), a rare but potentially blinding condition caused by herpes viruses like varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus. It discusses the clinical presentation, course, risk factors, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of ARN. Key points include:
1) ARN causes necrotizing retinitis and vasculitis that can lead to retinal detachment if left untreated.
2) It is typically treated with high-dose intravenous antiviral medications like acyclovir followed by long-term oral antivirals to prevent involvement of the second eye.
3) Prognosis is poor if
Eye in systemic dis
The document discusses various ocular manifestations of systemic diseases. Some key points:
- The eyes can be involved in diseases affecting other parts of the body. Ocular signs may provide diagnostic clues.
- Corneal diseases are related to skin/mucous membrane disorders and collagen disorders. Cataracts are related to genetic, metabolic, infectious and toxic causes.
- Retinal diseases are related to cardiovascular, collagen and endocrine diseases, as well as skin/gastrointestinal disorders and hematological/infectious conditions.
- Thyroid eye disease causes puffy eyelids, eye discomfort and double vision. It involves extraocular muscle and orbital fat infiltration.
- Neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis
Lecture on Sympathetic Ophthalmia For 4th Year MBBS Undergraduate Students By...
Lecture on Sympathetic Ophthalmia For 4th Year MBBS Undergraduate Students By...DrHussainAhmadKhaqan
Lecture on Sympathetic Ophthalmia For 4th Year MBBS Undergraduate Students By Prof. Dr. Hussain Ahmad KhaqanOcular manifestation of hiv
This document discusses the various ocular manifestations of HIV infection, which are categorized into adnexal, anterior segment, posterior segment, neuro-ophthalmic, orbital, and drug-related manifestations. Some of the key manifestations discussed include cytomegalovirus retinitis, which presents as a hemorrhagic necrotizing retinitis that spreads in a "brushfire" pattern and is the most common cause of intraocular infection in patients with CD4 counts below 50. Kaposi sarcoma and herpes zoster ophthalmicus are also discussed as common adnexal manifestations. Treatment options are provided for many of the ocular conditions.
AIDS and eye problem
This document discusses various opportunistic infections that can affect the eyes of patients with AIDS as their CD4+ T-lymphocyte count decreases. Kaposi sarcoma, TB uveitis, toxoplasmosis, and CMV retinitis are more likely to occur at CD4+ counts below 500, 250, and 50 cells/ml respectively. These and other infections like herpes zoster ophthalmicus and candida endophthalmitis are described in terms of their symptoms, diagnostic approach, and treatment.
MANIFESTACIONES OCULARES DE ENFERMEDADES SISTEMICAS
The document discusses several common systemic diseases that can affect the eye, including infectious diseases like toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis, as well as non-infectious conditions like diabetes, connective tissue diseases, and vasculitides. It then provides more detailed information about three conditions - thyroid eye disease, sarcoidosis, and phacomatoses - describing their typical ocular manifestations and systemic involvement.
Ocular manifestations of AIDS
This document discusses ocular manifestations of HIV/AIDS. It begins by describing HIV/AIDS etiology, noting that HIV-1 is the most common type worldwide. It then discusses various ocular manifestations associated with different CD4 counts, including Kaposi's sarcoma, CMV retinitis, and HIV retinopathy. Specific conditions of the anterior segment like molluscum contagiosum and of the posterior segment like CMV retinitis are then described in more detail, including characteristics, treatment options, and images. The document emphasizes that CMV retinitis is the most common opportunistic infection and discusses antiviral treatments for it like ganciclovir and foscarnet. It concludes by noting
white dot syndrome
This document summarizes a seminar presentation on white dot syndrome and inflammatory choroidal disorders given by Dr. Shashidhar Patil. It defines white dot syndrome as a group of idiopathic immunological disorders characterized by multiple white lesions in the fundus. It classifies choroidal inflammatory disorders into inflammatory choriocapillaropathies, which involve the choriocapillaris, and stromal choroiditis, which involve the choroidal stroma. Specific disorders discussed include multiple evanescent white dot syndrome, acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, birdshot chorioretinopathy, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, and serpiginous
Ocular manifestations of tuberculosis infection
Ocular manifestations of TB can affect any part of the eye. Secondary ocular TB results from hematogenous spread from a distant site. Presentations include adnexal lesions like lupus vulgaris and eyelid granulomas. Anterior segment involvement includes conjunctivitis, granulomas, keratitis and iridocyclitis. Posterior segment manifestations are choroidal tubercles, tuberculomas, serpiginous-like choroiditis and subretinal abscesses. Neuro-ophthalmic signs consist of optic nerve tubercles or neuritis. Complications include cataracts, glaucoma, cystoid macular edema and retinal detachment. Treatment involves antitubercular drugs
What's hot (20)
Lecture on Sympathetic Ophthalmia For 4th Year MBBS Undergraduate Students By...
Lecture on Sympathetic Ophthalmia For 4th Year MBBS Undergraduate Students By...
MANIFESTACIONES OCULARES DE ENFERMEDADES SISTEMICAS
MANIFESTACIONES OCULARES DE ENFERMEDADES SISTEMICAS
Viewers also liked
AIDS and its ocular presentation
This document discusses AIDS and its ocular manifestations. It begins with an introduction to AIDS, noting that eye involvement occurs in 90% of autopsy cases and ocular complications are present in 75% of patients with AIDS. It then covers the global prevalence of HIV/AIDS, modes of transmission, pathophysiology involving destruction of CD4+ cells, common signs and symptoms affecting multiple organ systems, diagnosis including CD4+ cell counts and WHO staging, and various ocular manifestations such as CMV retinitis, toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis, HIV retinopathy, progressive outer retinal necrosis, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and Kaposi's sarcoma.
My resume in 120 seconds july 2011
Daniel Kölsch is summarizing his resume in 120 seconds. He has over 18 years of experience in finance with a strong international background. He is multi-lingual, passionate about financial products and markets, and a global specialist for alternative asset managers. Currently he is a Senior Director at Standard & Poor's focusing on alternative asset managers globally. His goals are to be recognized as an entrepreneur and to make a meaningful impact.
Glaucoma do Desenvolvimento
O documento discute vários tipos de glaucoma congênito, incluindo suas características anatômicas e fisiopatológicas. Apresenta as principais síndromes associadas como Aniridia, Axenfeld-Rieger e Anomalia de Peters, além de facomatoses. Discorre sobre epidemiologia, morbidade, tratamento e aspectos clínicos de cada uma dessas condições.
Glaucoma presentación
Este documento trata sobre el glaucoma, una neuropatía óptica progresiva que es la segunda causa más común de ceguera en el mundo. Explica que el glaucoma crónico simple es la forma más frecuente y describe los estudios complementarios y clasificaciones del glaucoma, incluyendo el congénito, adquirido, de baja presión y de ángulo cerrado. También cubre el tratamiento farmacológico y quirúrgico del glaucoma y sus factores de riesgo.
Síndrome iridocorneal endotelial
El documento describe el síndrome iridocorneal endotelial (ICE), caracterizado por anormalidades primarias del endotelio corneal que pueden causar glaucoma. Existen tres variantes clínicas de ICE - atrofia progresiva del iris, síndrome de Chandler y síndrome de Cogan-Reese - que representan un continuo de anomalías del iris y la córnea. El tratamiento incluye control del glaucoma y edema corneal mediante medicamentos, cirugía o queratoplastia.
Sindrome de Sturge Weber
El síndrome de Sturge-Weber es una angiomatosis congénita que causa una lesión vascular en la piel de la cara y el sistema nervioso central. Se manifiesta con un nevus angiomatoso en la mejilla, glaucoma y lesiones vasculares en el cerebro que pueden causar crisis epilépticas o retraso mental. El diagnóstico se basa en los hallazgos clínicos y pruebas de imagen como tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética que muestran calcificaciones y anomalías vasculares en el cerebro.
Glaucoma congenito
Este documento resume la información sobre el glaucoma congénito y juvenil. Resume las definiciones, epidemiología, clasificaciones, signos y síntomas, diagnóstico diferencial y tratamiento de ambas condiciones. Explica que el glaucoma congénito afecta a 1 de cada 10,000-15,000 recién nacidos y se diagnostica generalmente al nacer o durante el primer año de vida. El glaucoma juvenil se diagnostica entre los 4 y 40 años y suele presentar goniodisgenesias. Ambos requieren tratamiento con láser,
Glaucoma Congénito
Este documento trata sobre el glaucoma congénito. Explica que es una patología rara que causa secuelas visuales graves, especialmente en infantes. Detalla la terminología, epidemiología, genética, fisiopatología, síntomas clínicos, exámenes requeridos y opciones para el tratamiento médico y quirúrgico. El tratamiento incluye medicamentos como timolol y análogos de prostaglandinas, así como procedimientos como la trabeculotomía, goniotomía y trabeculectomía.
Sarcoidose
O documento resume as principais informações sobre a sarcoidose, uma doença granulomatosa sistêmica de etiologia desconhecida. Apresenta os achados clínicos, diagnóstico, envolvimento de órgãos e tratamento, destacando o pulmão como o principal órgão acometido e a prednisona como primeira opção terapêutica.
Sturge weber syndrome
Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare neurological and skin disorder characterized by a facial birthmark and abnormalities of the brain and eyes. It results from errors in development before birth. Symptoms may include seizures, glaucoma, developmental delays, and weakness on one side of the body. The severity varies from case to case. Treatment focuses on controlling seizures, managing glaucoma, and reducing the birthmark with laser treatments. Prognosis depends on when seizures start - earlier seizures are linked to greater intellectual impairments.
Ophthalmic review for GP
This document provides an overview of common ophthalmic conditions that may present to general practitioners. It discusses various eyelid conditions including styes, chalazions, blepharitis and lesions. It also reviews conjunctivitis etiologies and treatments. Additional topics covered include dry eyes, keratitis, subconjunctival hemorrhage, pinguecula/pterygium, and immuno-bullous diseases. Applied anatomy of eyelids, tear film and corneal layers are also demonstrated. The document aims to equip general practitioners to diagnose and manage basic ophthalmic issues or refer appropriately when needed.
Glaucoma congenito
El documento describe el glaucoma congénito, una enfermedad poco frecuente que ocurre en el primer año de vida y causa daño progresivo al ojo si no se trata. Es causado por una anomalía en el desarrollo del ángulo del ojo que aumenta la presión intraocular. Puede causar ceguera si no se reduce la presión a tiempo mediante cirugía.
Vascular anomalies ashraf
Vascular anomalies can be broadly divided into two groups: vascular tumors and vascular malformations. Infantile hemangiomas are the most common example of vascular tumors, which are true neoplasms arising from endothelial hyperplasia. Conversely, vascular malformations are congenital lesions resulting from errors in embryonic development and exhibit normal endothelial cell turnover. Infantile hemangiomas have a characteristic life cycle of rapid growth in the first year followed by spontaneous slow regression from ages 1 to 7 years, after which they never recur. Vascular anomalies can be further classified into hemangiomas and various types of vascular malformations.
Sindrome de sturge weber
Este documento presenta el caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 22 años con cefalea. Las radiografías de cráneo muestran calcificaciones intracraneanas unilaterales en el hemisferio cerebral izquierdo. La TC confirma estas calcificaciones con patrón giriforme. El diagnóstico es síndrome de Sturge-Weber, caracterizado por manchas en la piel, problemas neurológicos y calcificaciones cerebrales. Se describe la etiología, manifestaciones, tratamiento y características de imagen del síndrome.
Glaucoma
Este documento trata sobre el glaucoma y la presión intraocular. Explica que la presión intraocular es el resultado de la cantidad de humor acuoso producido y filtrado, y que los valores normales son menores a 21 mmHg. Además, clasifica los tipos de glaucoma según su origen y describe brevemente el tratamiento médico y quirúrgico para el glaucoma de ángulo cerrado y abierto.
Cancer
There are several types of malignant connective tissue tumors (sarcomas) that can develop at any age, though they are less common than carcinomas. Sarcomas spread through the bloodstream and are made up of neoplastic cells merged into the surrounding tissue (stroma). Examples include fibrosarcomas, osteosarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, and leiomyosarcomas. Teratomas are tumors composed of multiple tissue types from different germ layers arranged chaotically. They most commonly occur in the ovaries and testes of young and middle-aged individuals. While usually benign, teratomas can rarely become malignant.
Congenital glaucoma part2; developmental glaucoma
developmental glaucoma/ juvenile onset glaucoma: axenfield rieger anomaly, peter's anomaly , aniridia, associated with other syndromes and chromosomal anomalies, mucopolysacharidosis , stickler syndrome etc..
Cancer 111
This document discusses the aetiology of neoplasia (tumor development). It identifies several risk factors for cancer development including age, genetics, environment, and lifestyle habits. It describes how various carcinogenic agents like chemicals, radiation, viruses, and hormones can cause DNA damage and genetic mutations over time, leading to cancer initiation and promotion. Specifically, it explains how ionizing radiation, ultraviolet light, viruses, chemicals, and hormones may contribute to cancer development and progression through their effects on DNA and cell proliferation.
Viewers also liked (19)
Similar to Systemicr
Systemic disease SR
This document discusses common systemic diseases that can affect the eye, including infectious diseases like toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis, and non-infectious diseases like diabetes, connective tissue diseases, and vasculitides. It provides details on diabetic retinopathy, including risk factors, stages of progression from background retinopathy to proliferative retinopathy, and treatment with laser panretinal photocoagulation. It also summarizes ocular features and systemic signs of sarcoidosis, phakomatoses including neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, and Sturge-Weber syndrome. Giant cell arteritis is also briefly discussed.
Systemic Diseases and the Eye
Systemic Diseases and the Eye
Various systemic diseases affect the eye and it's functioning. Here we present those common systemic diseases that are responsible to cause effects in the eye.
What are the diseases that affect eye?
Eye is affected by the following diseases:
Systemic Hypertension (Increased blood pressure of the body)
Diabetes Melitus (Increased blood sugar level)
Systemic Lupus Erythromatosus (SLE)
AIDS and other Venereal Diseases like Syphilis
Sickle Cell Anemia,
Eales Disease and many more.
Look at the slides.
optho help.docx
Intermediate uveitis is a form of uveitis localized to the vitreous and peripheral retina, with primary sites of inflammation in the vitreous. Common causes include tuberculosis, Lyme disease, syphilis, sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, and lymphoma. Symptoms include painless floaters, blurred vision, and rarely pain or photophobia. Signs involve vitritis and inflammation of the posterior structures. Posterior uveitis affects the choroid and can lead to vision loss, with symptoms like floaters and scotomata and signs such as retinitis and choroiditis. Pan uveitis inflames all uveal components and has numerous infectious, immune, ne
Ophthalmic Manifestations of Systemic Disorders
Ophthalmic Manifestations of Systemic Disorders Central Park Medical College and WAPDA Teaching Hospital Lahore
Comprehensive review of Ophthalmic Manifestations of Systemic Disorders for undergraduate medical students and general practionaers. Lecture was taken by Associate Professor Dr. Zia ul Mazhry at Central Park Medical College Lahore Pakistan.DISORDERS OF THE EYELIDS 2
This document summarizes various disorders of the eyelids including:
1) Types of entropion such as involutional, cicatricial, and acute spastic entropion. Treatment options are discussed.
2) Types of ectropion including involutional, cicatricial, and paralytic ectropion. Management focuses on prevention of exposure keratopathy and surgical release of scarring.
3) Benign eyelid tumors like xanthelasma, basal cell papilloma, solar keratosis, and hemangioma are described along with associated characteristics and treatment approaches.
Disc edema
This document discusses various causes of optic disc edema. It begins by defining disc edema as swelling of the optic disc that can be caused by active or passive factors other than papilledema. Several pseudoedemas are described including drusen, myelinated fibers, tilted discs, and hypoplastic discs. True disc edemas can result from inflammation, vascular issues like CRVO, infiltrative diseases, or papilledema from increased intracranial pressure. Papilledema is usually bilateral non-inflammatory swelling caused by conditions that raise ICP like brain tumors, infections, pseudotumor cerebri, or venous sinus thrombosis. The pathogenesis and features of optic neuritis, multiple sclerosis, and papille
Behçet Disease.pptx
This document summarizes Behcet's disease (BD), a multisystem inflammatory vasculitis affecting blood vessels of all sizes. It is characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and eye inflammation. It can also involve other organ systems like the arteries, veins, intestines, and brain. The cause is unknown but may involve genetic and infectious factors. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and pathergy testing can support the diagnosis. Prognosis depends on organ involvement and treatment aims to reduce inflammation and prevent complications.
Vasculitis
This document discusses various types of vasculitis and their ocular manifestations. It begins by describing the typical presentations of ocular vasculitis such as decreased vision, floaters, and scotomata. Imaging findings on fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography are also summarized. The document then differentiates between primary ocular vasculitis, secondary ocular vasculitis, and systemic vasculitis involving the eye. Specific conditions are outlined including Eale's disease, giant cell arteritis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and lupus retinopathy. Treatment options are briefly mentioned for some conditions.
Orbital pseudotumor
This document discusses non-specific orbital inflammation (also known as idiopathic orbital inflammation or orbital pseudotumor). It is characterized by orbital inflammation without an identifiable local or systemic cause. The document outlines various subtypes including dacroadenitis (inflammation of the lacrimal gland), myositis (inflammation of the extraocular muscles), and orbital apex syndrome. Clinical features, diagnostic workup, differential diagnoses, treatment with corticosteroids, and references are provided in detail over multiple sections.
Orbital pseudotumor
This document discusses non-specific orbital inflammation (also known as idiopathic orbital inflammation or orbital pseudotumor), which is characterized by orbital inflammation without an identifiable local or systemic cause. It is a heterogeneous group of disorders that can involve different orbital structures individually or together. The document outlines the various subtypes based on location and clinical features. It also discusses the diagnostic workup, which aims to rule out other causes, and includes imaging studies and biopsy when needed. Pathologically, these disorders range from acute inflammatory infiltrates to more chronic fibrotic lesions.
Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas in multiple organs. It most commonly involves the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, and eyes. The cause is unknown but believed to be due to an abnormal immune response to unknown antigens in genetically predisposed individuals. Diagnosis is based on clinical features and identification of granulomas on biopsy, and exclusion of other conditions. While often asymptomatic, it can cause respiratory symptoms as well as involvement of other organs. Treatment involves corticosteroids, with hydroxychloroquine or methotrexate as steroid-sparing options. Prognosis is generally good, though some degree of permanent organ dysfunction occurs in about half of
Introduction to uveitis
Uveitis refers to inflammation of the uveal tract of the eye. It can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, trauma, medications, or rarely malignancies. It is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Symptoms and signs depend on the location and severity of inflammation in the eye. Examination findings provide clues to the etiology and classification of uveitis. A thorough history and comprehensive ocular examination are important for diagnosis and management.
Diseases of the eye.pdf
The document summarizes diseases of the eye. It discusses diseases affecting different parts of the eye, including the orbit, lacrimal apparatus, eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, sclera, uveal tract, lens, retina, optic nerve and glaucoma. Specific conditions covered include orbital cellulitis, blepharitis, conjunctivitis, trachoma, pterygium, neonatal conjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Diagnostic features and treatment approaches are provided for many of the discussed diseases.
Orbital cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis is an infection behind the orbital septum that can spread from adjacent sinuses or bloodstream. It is classified by Chandler into 5 groups based on location and severity. Group 1 is preseptal cellulitis anterior to the septum. Group 2 is orbital cellulitis within the orbit. Group 3 is a subperiosteal abscess between the bone and periosteum. Group 4 is an orbital abscess within orbital contents. Group 5 is cavernous sinus thrombosis spreading bilaterally. Symptoms include eyelid swelling, pain, and vision issues. Imaging helps locate the infection and guide treatment which involves intravenous antibiotics, analgesics, and sometimes surgery.
The ocular presentation of systemic diseases
The document summarizes various ocular manifestations of systemic diseases. It discusses how conditions like diabetes, hypertension, sarcoidosis, thyroid disease, and infections can present with issues like uveitis, cataracts, retinal vessel abnormalities, proptosis, ptosis, and abnormal eye movements. It provides details on characteristic signs, potential etiologies, and implications for underlying systemic illnesses for each type of ocular presentation.
Review of Uveitis
Uveitis is a general term for intraocular inflammation that does not indicate the specific site or cause of inflammation. It can be caused by autoimmune or infectious processes. Uveitis is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. It is classified based on the site of inflammation - anterior, intermediate, posterior or panuveitis. Developing a differential diagnosis involves considering factors such as acuity of onset, laterality, associated symptoms and response to previous therapies. Common etiologies include idiopathic disease, infections like tuberculosis, and autoimmune diseases like sarcoidosis and Behcet's disease. Treatment involves corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapies.
Anterior eye structures disorders
This document provides information on various disorders, pathologies, and diseases that can affect the anterior structures of the eye. It discusses conditions such as:
- Disorders of the eyelashes including trichiasis, distichiasis, and madarosis.
- Benign eyelid lesions including chalazions, molluscum contagiosum, and xanthelasma.
- Malignant eyelid tumors such as basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
- Conjunctival disorders including bacterial and viral conjunctivitis, vernal conjunctivitis, and pterygium.
- Corneal pathologies such as infectious keratitis
Posterior uveitis by Dr. VIJAY PRATAP VIPSY
This document discusses various types of uveitis including classification, signs, symptoms, complications, investigations, and treatments. It covers infective causes like toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, syphilis, and fungal infections. It also discusses immune-mediated uveitis associated with conditions like VKH syndrome, Behcet's disease, and sarcoidosis. Intermediate uveitis is characterized by inflammation of the pars plana, peripheral retina, and choroid. Posterior uveitis involves the retina and choroid and can be caused by infections, autoimmune diseases, or unknown etiologies.
Common eye conditions in General Practice
Dr. Chamath Fernando
Lecturer,
Department of Family Medicine,
Faculty of Medical Sciences,
University of Sri Jayewardenepura,
Sri Lanka.
Similar to Systemicr (20)
More from Flavio Guzmán
Ops
This document discusses the classification and cellular mechanisms of opioid receptors. There are four main types of opioid receptors: mu, delta, kappa, and ORL-1. Each receptor type is activated by different endogenous peptides and exogenous drugs. When activated, the receptors modulate various central and physiological processes like pain, locomotion, stress, and reward/addiction pathways. The document provides an overview of the endogenous and exogenous agonists and antagonists that act on each receptor subtype.
Pk2
This document discusses clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. It defines pharmacokinetics as how the body affects a drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination. Factors like age can impact these processes in pediatric patients. It also discusses pharmacodynamics, how drugs act on the body, and how pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics together can help individualize drug therapy and decrease adverse effects.
Kinetika En 2002
- Pharmacokinetics is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs in the body over time. It aims to quantitatively account for the amount of drug in the body and the rate it is cleared.
- Distribution of drugs throughout tissues is affected by factors like membrane permeability, blood flow, lipid solubility, pH, and plasma protein binding. The apparent volume of distribution indicates how much volume a drug appears to distribute into based on its concentration in plasma.
- Clearance is the rate of drug elimination from plasma relative to its concentration and depends on hepatic and renal elimination. It is used to calculate maintenance dosing to achieve a target concentration.
Pk1 Ppt
This document provides an overview of pharmacokinetic concepts including the four main processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and various pharmacokinetic models. It discusses how drugs move through the body, factors that affect drug concentrations over time, and complexity of drug interactions within the body. Examples are provided to illustrate key pharmacokinetic principles such as the effect of dosage form on absorption rate and how organ function influences drug elimination rates.
Kinetika En 2002
Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the body. The key pharmacokinetic parameters include volume of distribution (Vd), clearance (CL), and elimination half-life (t1/2). Vd represents the apparent volume needed to contain the total amount of drug at the observed plasma concentration. CL is the volume of plasma cleared of drug per unit time, determined by metabolism and excretion. t1/2 is the time for drug concentration to reduce by half, dependent on Vd and CL. These parameters allow quantification of drug behavior in the body over time.
Ceorins
Cephalosporins are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics that share a beta-lactam ring structure with penicillins and other beta-lactams. They work by binding to penicillin-binding proteins in bacterial cell walls to inhibit cell wall synthesis. First generation cephalosporins are mainly active against gram-positive cocci, while later generations have increased gram-negative coverage. Each generation also has distinct and expanded clinical uses depending on their antimicrobial spectrum.
AUPDATE
This document discusses various antibiotics, their uses, and emerging issues with antibiotic resistance. It provides guidance on empiric treatment for common infections like community-acquired pneumonia and skin/soft tissue infections.
For a case of community-acquired pneumonia, the patient was initially treated empirically with Augmentin and clarithromycin per guidelines. Testing later found penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, requiring a change to higher dose beta-lactams, vancomycin, or fluoroquinolones.
A case of cellulitis grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus despite initial Augmentin treatment. The drug of choice for MRSA is vancomycin,
05052008OvarianTelehealth
The document discusses ovarian cancer treatment and management. It covers symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis methods, surgical staging and debulking, chemotherapy options including the gold standard of intravenous carboplatin and paclitaxel as well as emerging intraperitoneal chemotherapy showing increased survival. It emphasizes the importance of complete surgical staging and aggressive cytoreductive surgery for optimal outcomes and challenges of ensuring all patients receive standard of care treatment by gynecologic oncologists.
mati
- Ovarian cancer is the 4th leading cause of cancer death in women in the US, with a 5-year survival rate of only 35% for advanced cases. Most cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to non-specific early symptoms.
- There is no consensus on screening guidelines due to a lack of evidence that screening reduces mortality. Current screening methods like ultrasound and CA-125 lack sensitivity and specificity.
- Several large trials are underway to evaluate new screening strategies using ultrasound, tumor markers, and genetic testing to enable earlier detection when treatment is most effective. Improved screening methods are needed to reduce ovarian cancer mortality rates.
DrTerespolsky
This document discusses hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and the role of genetics in cancer risk. It provides an overview of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes which are known to increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers when mutated. Individuals with mutations in these genes have a high lifetime risk, up to 85%, of developing breast cancer and 16-44% risk for ovarian cancer. Referral to a cancer genetics clinic is recommended for those with a strong family history or personal history of related cancers to determine risk and recommend screening and management options.
15
1. Ovarian cancer is the most common type of ovarian tumor and the 7th most common cancer in women.
2. Early stages of ovarian cancer are often asymptomatic but later stages can cause pressure symptoms like abdominal pain or bloating.
3. Ovarian cancer commonly spreads directly to nearby structures in the abdomen or through the lymphatic system to distant lymph nodes.
gopalan031607
Ovarian cancer is the 8th most common cancer in women and the 5th leading cause of cancer death. It has a median age of diagnosis of 60 years old and 68% of cases are metastatic at diagnosis. Risk factors include family history, personal history of breast cancer, infertility, and lack of pregnancy. Genetic mutations like BRCA1/2 account for 10-15% of cases. Symptoms are often vague. Treatment involves surgical staging and debulking followed by platinum-based chemotherapy, with the goal of optimal cytoreduction to ≤1cm residual disease.
IncidentalomaTalk
The document discusses the evaluation and management of incidental adrenal lesions, or "incidentalomas", discovered on imaging. It outlines criteria for categorizing incidentalomas as benign, indeterminate low/intermediate/high risk, or malignant based on imaging features and patient history. Benign lesions may require no follow up, while potentially malignant lesions are further evaluated using imaging algorithms, biopsy, or functional testing to establish a diagnosis and guide management.
Nikiforov
This document summarizes genetic alterations involved in the progression of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas to poorly differentiated and anaplastic carcinomas. It discusses mutations in genes such as BRAF, RAS, RET/PTC, and PAX8-PPARγ that are involved in early-stage well-differentiated and follicular carcinomas. Additional mutations in p53 and β-catenin are thought to direct dedifferentiation and progression to later stages. Studies of mutations and loss of heterozygosity support a model where well-differentiated tumors progress through poorly differentiated to anaplastic carcinomas through the accumulation of these genetic alterations.
Thpt
1. The patient has a history of thyroid cancer with metastases to the lungs and skull, and underwent total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.
2. Treatment options for recurrent or metastatic thyroid cancer include radioactive iodine treatment, surgery, external beam radiation, and molecularly targeted therapies.
3. Molecular targeted therapies that show promise for thyroid cancer work by inhibiting pathways involved in cell signaling and angiogenesis, such as the MAPK and PI3K pathways, or by restoring radioiodine uptake.
Thyroid Disease
- Thyroid cancer accounts for 1.5% of cancers in the US, with papillary carcinoma being the most common at 80% of cases.
- A 45-year-old female presented with a thyroid nodule that was found to be papillary carcinoma on biopsy. Near-total or total thyroidectomy is the recommended treatment.
- Her prognosis is favorable at ~90% 10-year survival given her diagnosis of papillary carcinoma and surgery. Ongoing monitoring is still recommended.
THYCER
1. Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, with papillary thyroid cancer being the most common type.
2. Treatment involves surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland followed by radioactive iodine ablation and thyroid hormone suppression.
3. Follow up care involves monitoring of thyroid levels and imaging tests to check for recurrence or spread of cancer. Outcomes depend on cancer type, stage, and individual risk factors.
DrRobertFoxUtahSSF
1. New diagnostic criteria have been developed to clarify the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome and diminish confusion in clinical practice and research.
2. The diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome can be challenging as minor salivary gland biopsies and ANA blood tests sometimes have variable or non-specific results.
3. While Sjogren's syndrome and SLE share some similarities, Sjogren's syndrome has distinct clinical manifestations and treatment considerations compared to SLE.
Sjögren's_syndrome~_Role_for_Cevimeline
1) The document discusses Sjogren's Syndrome, an autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes and mouth, and evolving concepts for treating it based on pathogenesis involving lymphocytic infiltrates impairing salivary and lacrimal gland function rather than full destruction.
2) It explores using the muscarinic receptor agonist cevimeline to stimulate residual gland function by activating M1/M3 receptors, and insights from Sjogren's into related conditions involving dryness from cholinergic imbalances like multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, and fibromyalgia.
More from Flavio Guzmán (20)
Recently uploaded
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
vonoprazan A novel drug for GERD presentation
Vonoprazan, a new potassium acid channel blocker used in the conditions of GERD and gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer ....
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
All info about Diabetes and how to control it.
One health condition that is becoming more common day by day is diabetes.
According to research conducted by the National Family Health Survey of India, diabetic cases show a projection which might increase to 10.4% by 2030.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa CentralClinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Learn about body grief and ways to cope with it. We will also explore methods to heal from this challenging experience.
LOOPS in orthodontics t loop bull loop vertical loop mushroom loop stop loop
vertical loop
horizontal loop
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Do you have abnormal smell after periods? It may be vaginitis. Do not worry, herbal medicine Fuyan Pill can help you get a cure.
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Swisschem Dermacare has mentioned the List of The Best Antifungal Soap In India 2022. All of these soaps are trusted by various Dermatology Experts.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Recently uploaded (20)
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Tests for analysis of different pharmaceutical.pptx
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic Approach
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Vestibulocochlear Nerve by Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Clinic ^%[+27633867063*Abortion Pills For Sale In Tembisa Central
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
Part II - Body Grief: Losing parts of ourselves and our identity before, duri...
LOOPS in orthodontics t loop bull loop vertical loop mushroom loop stop loop
LOOPS in orthodontics t loop bull loop vertical loop mushroom loop stop loop
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Post-Menstrual Smell- When to Suspect Vaginitis.pptx
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
Top Effective Soaps for Fungal Skin Infections in India
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
Systemicr
- 1. Systemic disease and the eye
- 4. Soft tissue involvement Periorbital and lid swelling Chemosis Conjunctival hyperaemia Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis
- 29. Eyelid neurofibromas in NF-1 Nodular Plexiform May cause mechanical ptosis May be associated with glaucoma
- 30. Intraocular lesions in NF-1 Lisch nodules Very common - eventually present in 95% of cases Congenital ectropion uveae Uncommon - may be associated with glaucoma Retinal astrocytomas Rare - identical to those seen In tuberous sclerosis Choroidal naevi Common - may be Multifocal and bilateral
- 31. Ocular features of NF-2 Common - combined hamartomas of RPE and retina Very common - presenile cataract
- 38. Ocular features of Sturge-Weber syndrome Normal eye Buphthalmos in 60% May be associated with episcleral haemangioma Affected eye Diffuse choroidal haemangioma Glaucoma
- 40. Peripheral corneal involvement in Wegener granulomatosis and polyarteritis nodosa Circumferential and central ulceration similar to Mooren ulcer Unlike Mooren ulcer sclera may also become involved Treatment - systemic steroids and cyclophosphamide
- 41. Ocular manifestations of HIV infection
- 55. Rifabutin induced anterior uveitis
- 60. CMV Retinitis
- 67. MRI T1 showing an uniformly enhancing lesion in the midbrain One week later, the lesion showing ring enhancement