This document provides information about syphilis in Canada. It describes what syphilis is, how it spreads through sexual or skin-to-skin contact, and its various stages from primary to latent to tertiary if left untreated. Statistics are presented on rising rates of syphilis infections in Canada from 2001-2017, particularly among men who have sex with men. Preventative measures and importance of screening are discussed. Syphilis can also spread from mother to fetus, resulting in potential stillbirths or birth defects. Overall rates remain low compared to other STDs but continued education and awareness is needed.
HIV/AIDS among Persons aged 50 years and older
United States Population Boom
HIV/AIDS Risk Factors for Persons aged 50 years and older
Age-related Disparities in HIV/AIDS Prevention Barriers for Older Persons
Major Efforts to Address HIV/AIDS among Older Persons
Next Steps
The National HIV Prevention Inventory provides the first, comprehensive inventory of HIV prevention efforts at the state and local levels in the United States. Based on a survey of 65 health departments, including all state and territorial jurisdictions and six U.S. cities, the Inventory is intended to offer a baseline picture of how HIV prevention is delivered across the country in an effort to provide policymakers, public health officials, community organizations, and others with a more in depth understanding of HIV prevention and the role played by health departments in its delivery.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); An approach to preventing new HIV infections is the expectation that people living with the virus will disclose their status to their partners, healthcare providers, and family members.
A REVIEW OF THE AGENCIES OF THE CONTROL MEASURES OF HIV/AIDS IN NAGALANDpaperpublications3
Abstract: This article is an evaluation of the agencies of control measures towards HIV/AIDS in ‘Nagaland’ a North-Eastern state in the country of India. HIV/AIDS is not only a health problem but it is also a developmental issue that raises economic and social causes and consequences. The pandemic impacts all aspects of development from education to human rights to economic development. In a state like Nagaland, it has been considered necessary to look into the role of the religious organizations, the intervention by governmental as well as non - governmental organizations, institutions of learning, the family and the individuals etc. These agencies are the backbone towards the controlling of the epidemic. A critical evaluation of the HIV control machineries has been undertaken to examine their contribution towards controlling HIV/AIDS.
HIV/AIDS among Persons aged 50 years and older
United States Population Boom
HIV/AIDS Risk Factors for Persons aged 50 years and older
Age-related Disparities in HIV/AIDS Prevention Barriers for Older Persons
Major Efforts to Address HIV/AIDS among Older Persons
Next Steps
The National HIV Prevention Inventory provides the first, comprehensive inventory of HIV prevention efforts at the state and local levels in the United States. Based on a survey of 65 health departments, including all state and territorial jurisdictions and six U.S. cities, the Inventory is intended to offer a baseline picture of how HIV prevention is delivered across the country in an effort to provide policymakers, public health officials, community organizations, and others with a more in depth understanding of HIV prevention and the role played by health departments in its delivery.
Madridge Journal of AIDS (ISSN: 2638-1958); An approach to preventing new HIV infections is the expectation that people living with the virus will disclose their status to their partners, healthcare providers, and family members.
A REVIEW OF THE AGENCIES OF THE CONTROL MEASURES OF HIV/AIDS IN NAGALANDpaperpublications3
Abstract: This article is an evaluation of the agencies of control measures towards HIV/AIDS in ‘Nagaland’ a North-Eastern state in the country of India. HIV/AIDS is not only a health problem but it is also a developmental issue that raises economic and social causes and consequences. The pandemic impacts all aspects of development from education to human rights to economic development. In a state like Nagaland, it has been considered necessary to look into the role of the religious organizations, the intervention by governmental as well as non - governmental organizations, institutions of learning, the family and the individuals etc. These agencies are the backbone towards the controlling of the epidemic. A critical evaluation of the HIV control machineries has been undertaken to examine their contribution towards controlling HIV/AIDS.
Factors Influencing Gender Disparities in the Prevalence of HIV AIDS in Fako ...ijtsrd
There is a prevalence of HIV AIDS in the society among men and women and there is gender disparity in the prevalence of HIV AIDS. Biological and other factors are pointing to the fact that the women are more vulnerable and therefore have more possibilities of spreading it. This study was done in Fako Division in the South West Region of Cameroon. The general objective of this study was to investigate the factors leading to the gender disparity in the prevalence of HIV AIDS. The research is a descriptive survey. The target population was the HIV AIDS patients that are treated in the Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals. These hospitals were purposively selected with a purposive sampling of 50 males and female. This research involves the use of both primary and secondary data with the use of questionnaires, check list and review of secondary data on problems leading to a gender difference in the prevalence of HIV AIDS in these areas. Analysis of data was done with the use of windows SPSS. Findings of the study show that there is a high gender difference of about 39.21 in Buea Regional Hospital and a gender difference of 24.4 in Limbe Regional Hospital. Some factors were found responsible for this disparity that include early start of sexual activities for females, low level of education, multiple sexual partners, unemployment for females and others. Recommendations have been made to the government, the women themselves, health professionals, NGOs and other significant stakeholders. Bisong Prisca Mboh "Factors Influencing Gender Disparities in the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Fako Division Cameroon: Case Study of Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29236.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/29236/factors-influencing-gender-disparities-in-the-prevalence-of-hivaids-in-fako-division-cameroon-case-study-of-limbe-and-buea-regional-hospitals/bisong-prisca-mboh
Ellington, Katherine. ‘Invisible Hope: HIV/AIDS and Women’ in ed. Grace Bantebya-Kyomuhendo. Women’s Health: African and Global Perspectives. Kampala: Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University, 2005.
This presentation covers the essential information about Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), including transmission, treatment, prevention, and national and Maryland statistics. Presented by Jill Smith, MHS, CAC-AD, Maryland Department of Health.
Statistical analysis on household factors influencing annual episodes of malariacimran15
Malaria is responsible for about 66 per cent of all clinic visits in Nigeria. It accounts for 25% of under-5 mortality, 30% childhood mortality and 11% maternal mortality. At least 50% of the population will have at least one episode of malaria annually. Moreover, environment dictates the incidence and prevalence of diseases all over the world and if timely action is not taken, it may lead to diseases. Three (3) out of six (6) major towns in Ido local government area are considered and accumulated one hundred and ninety one (191) individuals as respondents using haphazard non probability sampling technique for selection. The obtained data through questionnaire was presented on frequency table and charts while inferential statistics were analysed using dummy variables in regression. It was revealed that majority of the respondents suffered from one or more incidences of malaria in a year, where female had the higher percentage of the incidence and there was high incidence of malaria among the adult ages 30years and above. The qualitative predictor variable in regression analysis revealed significant relationship between annual episode of malaria and number of members of household, toilet type, absent ceiling, building type, disposable site and source of domestic water. The ANOVA, F – test was significant for all predicted factors. Conclusively, in the view of the discovery, it was therefore recommended that people need awareness on densely populated area / household are more prone to experience more episodes of malaria incidence than sparsely populated one, encouragement on utilization of closed domestic water system instead of open system to avoid reservoir for mosquito, enlightenment on type toilet used and avoid absence ceiling to prevent being a breeding site for mosquitoes, government to stage more campaign against malaria especially for adult not for children under 5year alone and create a task force officer/ sanitary inspectors to checkmate sanitation of our environment to avoid unkempt toilet habit which serves as breeding site for mosquitoes.
Statement on the National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United StatesDana Asbury
The National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States: Updated to 2020 (“NHAS 2020”) is a critically important and compelling review of the status of our nation’s response to the HIV epidemic in America and an action plan for the continuing fight.
Since the emergency of COVID-19 pandemics, many countries have been encountered a multitude of challenges. People have been facing health related and other social consequences throughout the world. It is too early to know the aggravated impact of COVID-19 on people living in resource-limited setting, like east Africa countries. In these countries, besides direct public health impact, the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked social stigma and discriminatory behaviors against people of certain ethnic backgrounds as well as anyone perceived to have been in contact with the virus. Social stigma can negatively affect those with the disease, as well as their caregivers, family, friends and communities.COVID-19 pandemics have also been provoked great impacts on daily social consumptions such as food and other food supplements. In addition, COVID-19 pandemic were overshadowed endemics diseases such as malaria, TB and HIV related care and antenatal care services as well as other non-communicable diseases prevention and control. Social stigma coupled with other consequences could result in more severe health problems, can undermine social cohesion and prompt possible social isolation of groups, which might contribute to a situation where the virus is more, not less, likely to spread and difficulties controlling a disease outbreak. Therefore, how we communicate about COVID-19 is critical in supporting people to take effective action to help combat the disease and to avoid fuelling fear and stigma. An environment needs to be created in which the disease and its impact can be discussed and addressed openly, honestly and effectively. This is a message for government, media and local organizations working on the COVID-19 infections.
Gender,HIV/AIDs Transmission: Socio Economic And Socio Cultural Impact in Tan...Sandeep Singh
The research was done in Tanzania and presented at Banaras Hindu University International Conference who also published Complete article in "EDUCATION FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM" by Nutan Publication Chapter 6 ISBN: 978 81 927002 1 2
This presentation will give you a brief overview about the history of AIDS in Africa. It inlcudes also the view of the govermental side and the public health. You will see that there exist a huge gap between access to the medicine and the prevention for new infections.
Thesis on Hiv
Essay on The Spreading of HIV/AIDS
Reaction Paper On The Aids Epidemic
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hiv/Aids
AIDS and HIV Essay
Hiv Aids Conclusions
Reflection Paper on Hiv/Aisd
Mary Fisher- a Whisper of Aids Essay
Aids Awareness
HIV and AIDS: The Epidemic Essay example
Prevention Of Hiv / Aids Essay
Aids Awareness By Larry Kramer Essay
Awareness To Aids Analysis
Hiv-Reaction Paper
HIV/AIDS Intervention Report
Aids Awareness
Essay On AIDS
Reflection Paper On HIV
Essay on The Stigma Attached to HIV and AIDS
HIV and AIDS Essay
Factors Influencing Gender Disparities in the Prevalence of HIV AIDS in Fako ...ijtsrd
There is a prevalence of HIV AIDS in the society among men and women and there is gender disparity in the prevalence of HIV AIDS. Biological and other factors are pointing to the fact that the women are more vulnerable and therefore have more possibilities of spreading it. This study was done in Fako Division in the South West Region of Cameroon. The general objective of this study was to investigate the factors leading to the gender disparity in the prevalence of HIV AIDS. The research is a descriptive survey. The target population was the HIV AIDS patients that are treated in the Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals. These hospitals were purposively selected with a purposive sampling of 50 males and female. This research involves the use of both primary and secondary data with the use of questionnaires, check list and review of secondary data on problems leading to a gender difference in the prevalence of HIV AIDS in these areas. Analysis of data was done with the use of windows SPSS. Findings of the study show that there is a high gender difference of about 39.21 in Buea Regional Hospital and a gender difference of 24.4 in Limbe Regional Hospital. Some factors were found responsible for this disparity that include early start of sexual activities for females, low level of education, multiple sexual partners, unemployment for females and others. Recommendations have been made to the government, the women themselves, health professionals, NGOs and other significant stakeholders. Bisong Prisca Mboh "Factors Influencing Gender Disparities in the Prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Fako Division Cameroon: Case Study of Limbe and Buea Regional Hospitals" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29236.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/29236/factors-influencing-gender-disparities-in-the-prevalence-of-hivaids-in-fako-division-cameroon-case-study-of-limbe-and-buea-regional-hospitals/bisong-prisca-mboh
Ellington, Katherine. ‘Invisible Hope: HIV/AIDS and Women’ in ed. Grace Bantebya-Kyomuhendo. Women’s Health: African and Global Perspectives. Kampala: Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University, 2005.
This presentation covers the essential information about Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), including transmission, treatment, prevention, and national and Maryland statistics. Presented by Jill Smith, MHS, CAC-AD, Maryland Department of Health.
Statistical analysis on household factors influencing annual episodes of malariacimran15
Malaria is responsible for about 66 per cent of all clinic visits in Nigeria. It accounts for 25% of under-5 mortality, 30% childhood mortality and 11% maternal mortality. At least 50% of the population will have at least one episode of malaria annually. Moreover, environment dictates the incidence and prevalence of diseases all over the world and if timely action is not taken, it may lead to diseases. Three (3) out of six (6) major towns in Ido local government area are considered and accumulated one hundred and ninety one (191) individuals as respondents using haphazard non probability sampling technique for selection. The obtained data through questionnaire was presented on frequency table and charts while inferential statistics were analysed using dummy variables in regression. It was revealed that majority of the respondents suffered from one or more incidences of malaria in a year, where female had the higher percentage of the incidence and there was high incidence of malaria among the adult ages 30years and above. The qualitative predictor variable in regression analysis revealed significant relationship between annual episode of malaria and number of members of household, toilet type, absent ceiling, building type, disposable site and source of domestic water. The ANOVA, F – test was significant for all predicted factors. Conclusively, in the view of the discovery, it was therefore recommended that people need awareness on densely populated area / household are more prone to experience more episodes of malaria incidence than sparsely populated one, encouragement on utilization of closed domestic water system instead of open system to avoid reservoir for mosquito, enlightenment on type toilet used and avoid absence ceiling to prevent being a breeding site for mosquitoes, government to stage more campaign against malaria especially for adult not for children under 5year alone and create a task force officer/ sanitary inspectors to checkmate sanitation of our environment to avoid unkempt toilet habit which serves as breeding site for mosquitoes.
Statement on the National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United StatesDana Asbury
The National HIV/AIDS Strategy for the United States: Updated to 2020 (“NHAS 2020”) is a critically important and compelling review of the status of our nation’s response to the HIV epidemic in America and an action plan for the continuing fight.
Since the emergency of COVID-19 pandemics, many countries have been encountered a multitude of challenges. People have been facing health related and other social consequences throughout the world. It is too early to know the aggravated impact of COVID-19 on people living in resource-limited setting, like east Africa countries. In these countries, besides direct public health impact, the COVID-19 pandemic has provoked social stigma and discriminatory behaviors against people of certain ethnic backgrounds as well as anyone perceived to have been in contact with the virus. Social stigma can negatively affect those with the disease, as well as their caregivers, family, friends and communities.COVID-19 pandemics have also been provoked great impacts on daily social consumptions such as food and other food supplements. In addition, COVID-19 pandemic were overshadowed endemics diseases such as malaria, TB and HIV related care and antenatal care services as well as other non-communicable diseases prevention and control. Social stigma coupled with other consequences could result in more severe health problems, can undermine social cohesion and prompt possible social isolation of groups, which might contribute to a situation where the virus is more, not less, likely to spread and difficulties controlling a disease outbreak. Therefore, how we communicate about COVID-19 is critical in supporting people to take effective action to help combat the disease and to avoid fuelling fear and stigma. An environment needs to be created in which the disease and its impact can be discussed and addressed openly, honestly and effectively. This is a message for government, media and local organizations working on the COVID-19 infections.
Gender,HIV/AIDs Transmission: Socio Economic And Socio Cultural Impact in Tan...Sandeep Singh
The research was done in Tanzania and presented at Banaras Hindu University International Conference who also published Complete article in "EDUCATION FOR THE NEW MILLENNIUM" by Nutan Publication Chapter 6 ISBN: 978 81 927002 1 2
This presentation will give you a brief overview about the history of AIDS in Africa. It inlcudes also the view of the govermental side and the public health. You will see that there exist a huge gap between access to the medicine and the prevention for new infections.
Thesis on Hiv
Essay on The Spreading of HIV/AIDS
Reaction Paper On The Aids Epidemic
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hiv/Aids
AIDS and HIV Essay
Hiv Aids Conclusions
Reflection Paper on Hiv/Aisd
Mary Fisher- a Whisper of Aids Essay
Aids Awareness
HIV and AIDS: The Epidemic Essay example
Prevention Of Hiv / Aids Essay
Aids Awareness By Larry Kramer Essay
Awareness To Aids Analysis
Hiv-Reaction Paper
HIV/AIDS Intervention Report
Aids Awareness
Essay On AIDS
Reflection Paper On HIV
Essay on The Stigma Attached to HIV and AIDS
HIV and AIDS Essay
This is a presentation on HIV more commonly known as AIDS. There are lot of HIV possitive patients in this world, and we need to treat them with sympathy and care. Let's not hate them.
13Importance of Preventing Sexually Transmitted AnastaciaShadelb
13
Importance of Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Daniela Montalvo
Miami Regional University
ENC2201: Report Writing and Research Methods
Dr. Uliana Gancea
April 11, 2022
Abstract
While research shows that no one preventative measure can curb cases of HIV prevalence, high rates of infertility, and pelvic inflammatory diseases, STIs prevention has shown to be an effective way of drastically reducing these cases. This is because most STIs are the leading causes of these conditions. Therefore, reducing the rates of STIs is an essential aspect of reducing these cases worldwide. We shall look into the relationship between STIs and HIV prevalence, high infertility rates, and pelvic inflammatory diseases. Using a systematic review of previous research papers, we shall seek to show the importance of preventing STIs.
Keywords: preventing STIs, curbing HIV prevalence, infertility rates, pelvic inflammatory diseases, reproductive health.
Importance of Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases
An astounding 376 million sexually transmitted (STI) curable infections emerge annually across the globe. Sexual transmission accounts for more than 80% of all new HIV diagnoses (WHO, 2019). The immense strain of STI morbidity and death has a significant effect on the quality of life, sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and infant health, and as co-components for the transmission of HIV subsequently (Mayaud & McCormick, 2001). The risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV is significantly increased by sexually transmissible diseases like syphilis, chancroid ulcer, and genital herpes simplex virus ulcer. In some instances, they represent over 40% or more HIV transmissions (WHO, 2019).
In the evolution of sexually transmitted infection (STI) management, as with other infectious diseases, the pendulum moves around vertical disease-specific and broader horizontal interventions, from a focused emphasis on conditions and their care to people's more extensive interests that harbor and spread them. STI prevention efforts have been more and more established with respect to the goals of HIV programs since the introduction of HIV in the 1980s. While HIV itself is an STI, attempts to deter its transmission are primarily controlled by funding, execution, and evaluation programs, regardless of other STI management efforts.
Such a broken model has a harmful effect. Too frequently, the overlooked STI programs - the basis on which attempts were made to avoid HIV - fail when funding is limited. As a result, STI hospitals and programs are under-personalized, overlooked, or entirely lost (Steen et al., 2009). HIV testing may be provided for pregnant mothers, but STIs such as syphilis are no longer being thoroughly checked. Furthermore, STI reporting, a vital indicator for sexually transmitted infection inclinations, has withered away. This paper seeks to evaluate the need for putting more emphasis on the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
Back ...
13
Importance of Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Daniela Montalvo
Miami Regional University
ENC2201: Report Writing and Research Methods
Dr. Uliana Gancea
April 11, 2022
Abstract
While research shows that no one preventative measure can curb cases of HIV prevalence, high rates of infertility, and pelvic inflammatory diseases, STIs prevention has shown to be an effective way of drastically reducing these cases. This is because most STIs are the leading causes of these conditions. Therefore, reducing the rates of STIs is an essential aspect of reducing these cases worldwide. We shall look into the relationship between STIs and HIV prevalence, high infertility rates, and pelvic inflammatory diseases. Using a systematic review of previous research papers, we shall seek to show the importance of preventing STIs.
Keywords: preventing STIs, curbing HIV prevalence, infertility rates, pelvic inflammatory diseases, reproductive health.
Importance of Preventing Sexually Transmitted Diseases
An astounding 376 million sexually transmitted (STI) curable infections emerge annually across the globe. Sexual transmission accounts for more than 80% of all new HIV diagnoses (WHO, 2019). The immense strain of STI morbidity and death has a significant effect on the quality of life, sexual and reproductive health (SRH), and infant health, and as co-components for the transmission of HIV subsequently (Mayaud & McCormick, 2001). The risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV is significantly increased by sexually transmissible diseases like syphilis, chancroid ulcer, and genital herpes simplex virus ulcer. In some instances, they represent over 40% or more HIV transmissions (WHO, 2019).
In the evolution of sexually transmitted infection (STI) management, as with other infectious diseases, the pendulum moves around vertical disease-specific and broader horizontal interventions, from a focused emphasis on conditions and their care to people's more extensive interests that harbor and spread them. STI prevention efforts have been more and more established with respect to the goals of HIV programs since the introduction of HIV in the 1980s. While HIV itself is an STI, attempts to deter its transmission are primarily controlled by funding, execution, and evaluation programs, regardless of other STI management efforts.
Such a broken model has a harmful effect. Too frequently, the overlooked STI programs - the basis on which attempts were made to avoid HIV - fail when funding is limited. As a result, STI hospitals and programs are under-personalized, overlooked, or entirely lost (Steen et al., 2009). HIV testing may be provided for pregnant mothers, but STIs such as syphilis are no longer being thoroughly checked. Furthermore, STI reporting, a vital indicator for sexually transmitted infection inclinations, has withered away. This paper seeks to evaluate the need for putting more emphasis on the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.
Back ...
Sexually transmitted diseases in the elderly in South FloridaArete-Zoe, LLC
Florida is attractive for retired Americans, and their population continues to grow. In primary care, sexual health is often overlooked in elderly patients, since they rarely open the topic themselves, and physicians often assume their patients are no longer sexually active. Drugs for erectile dysfunction, as well as attractions of life on the beach, create opportunities that may no longer be out of reach. Mature adults do indeed have girlfriends and friends with benefits, along with their regular partners and spouses.
The number of reported STDs in older adults has been steadily increasing since 2000. The most frequently reported infections are chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV. The population of adults over 50 years of age now reached 99 million (32%) and should not be ignored in regards to screening for STDs and related research. Clinical trials rarely study the sexual behavior of people over 50 or even 65 years of age. In the age group between 57 and 85 years of age, nearly 75% were still sexually active at 64, 53% at 74, and 25% at 85 years of age. The sexual life of mature adults is often neglected during preventative screenings. This omission may lead to late diagnosis of HIV or undetected relapse of STDs contracted earlier in life. AIDS-related dementia or neurosyphilis can be easily misdiagnosed as Alzheimer’s disease. Failure to detect STDs in mature adults can result in unnecessary early death and unmitigated exposure of relatives to the disease (Purpora & Claire, 2012).
Many STDs are notifiable diseases that require regular screening of patients who are sexually active or engage in potentially risky sexual behavior. Clinicians need to keep track of relevant federal and state legislation and comply with the reporting requirements as applicable.
Running head RESEARCH PAPER1RESEARCH PAPER.docxtodd521
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER
1
RESEARCH PAPER
1
Research Paper on HIV and AIDS
Kimberly H. Morgan
EDRC-533: Medical and Psychosocial Aspects
Dr. Michelle L. Priester
April 30, 2018
HIV/AIDS
Abstract
HIV is a virus that causes AIDS. The term in full stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This virus has led to massive deaths globally with many more people being infected as well as being affected by the effects of the virus. In this paper, we shall describe the virus in depth, showing how it gets into a person's body, its causes and symptoms. We shall also discuss its prevalence and how it has affected people's lives. Most importantly, we shall discuss how a person can be treated after being infected with the virus. Finally, we shall study various preventative measures that can be used against the virus.
HIV Definition
The term HIV means Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This is a virus that makes the immune system of a person weak through destruction of vital cells that fight infection and diseases. To date, there is no existence of a cure in the United States nor in other parts of the world. Nevertheless, it is easy to prevent HIV infection through varying control measures. . Depending on different factors, some people are more prone to getting infected than others. Such factors include risky sexual behaviors, sex partners and environment (CDC, 2018).HIV is to a large extent spread through unsafe sex, blood contamination, needles, breastfeeding, and delivery and from a mother to her child during pregnancy.
AIDS Definition
Unlike HIV that is a virus, AIDS is a full-blown disease caused by HIV virus. Once a person's immune system becomes extremely weak, then he\she is said to have AIDS. At this moment, a person's immune system is not able to fight diseases or infection. There are certain illnesses and symptoms that develop as a result of a person contracting AIDS. This can also be described as the last HIV stage since at this moment the infection is highly advanced. If the symptoms of this disease are not controlled or treated, a person ends up losing life (Avert, 2017).
How a Person Get Infected with HIV and HIV Life-cycle
HIV attacks T- helper cells which are also known as CD4 cells. This are some forms of white cells. A person is able to have a strong immune system through CD4 cells being healthy because it's the only way they can be able to fight infections and diseases. It is not possible for HIV to reproduce or grow without being in T-helper cells. HIV makes many copies or reproduces while inside these cells. As a result of the reproduction, the immune system gets damaged which causes it to weak a person's natural immune system. The overall health of a person is the main determinant of how the HIV virus grows. Other determinants of HIV growth is how constant a person takes treatment and how early a person gets diagonalzed. If the antiretroviral treatment is taken correctly, then the immune system remains healthy hence pr.
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THIS MATERIAL IS EDUCATIONAL: (It was presented for school work only)
An Assumed Consultant QS selling a new software that will revolutionize Quantity Surveying in Canada
As you might know, Samsung has introduced new smart-phones recently: Galaxy S6 and S6 Edge (for more information regarding these phones, check Samsung Galaxy S6). For professional reviews regarding the aforementioned phones, check Cnet and Techtarget.
You are hired to consult Apple to design their next smart-phone iPhone X to compete with Galaxy S6 and S6 Edge.
Apple surpassed Samsung in March 2015 as the world’s biggest smart-phone maker (see TheGuardian). You are assigned at Apple headquarter in California to come up with improvement/redesign ideas for iPhone.
Presented in-class @ The University of Lethbridge (Calgary Campus), Alberta.
On the 11th of April 2014 by Zirgham Abeer, Gabriel Fortin, Ehimiaghe Emosi, Evrol Clarke and Moses Seriki
For "Management Information Systems - MIS" course under the watchful eyes of
Dr. Randall Dyck
The app is meant to assist users know a current available parking spots in real time.
We used two train stations to investigate for our Pilot study.
This is developed for academic purpose only.
The purpose of the presentation is to discuss some management principles learnt in-class to assess Dollarama. In this presentation, functional departmentalization, SWOT Analysis and Social responsibility were looked into.
This was also a requirement for "Introduction to Management MGT-1000-Y. 2013
Presented in-class @ The University of Lethbridge (Calgary Campus), Alberta.
On the 23rd of November 2013 by Cody Leavitt and Moses Seriki
For "The Introduction to Music" course under the watchful eyes of
Professor John Anderson.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
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ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
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This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
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1. A CASE ON SYPHILIS
SUBMITTED FOR PUBLIC HEALTH ISSUES IN CANADA
MOSES SERIKI
11/15/2017
2. 2
Contents
SYPHILIS – What is it?..................................................................................................................................3
How it spreads:.............................................................................................................................................3
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT................................................................................................................4
EFFECTS OF SYPHILIS................................................................................................................................4
The Primary Stage........................................................................................................................................4
The Secondary Stage ...................................................................................................................................5
The Latent Stage ..........................................................................................................................................5
The Tertiary Stage........................................................................................................................................5
A Look into Syphilis in Canada......................................................................................................................6
Preventing Syphilis..........................................................................................................................................9
Syphilis not Associated with Sex: Pregnant Mothers and Newborns ..........................................................9
What to do now about Syphilis.....................................................................................................................10
Works Cited ...................................................................................................................................................11
3. 3
SYPHILIS – What is it?
Syphilis is a sexuallytransmittedbacterial infectionthat has been on a slow but steady rise in Canada
(Government of Canada, 2015). The incidence of infectedand reportedcases has beenon a rise recently
from 2001 in Canada. This disease is classifiedas a communicable Sexually TransmittedInfectionwith
an acronym STI as it is commonlyused (CATIE, 2015).
One major danger of this disease is that people may have syphilis and not know it. Some people develop
visible symptoms of the syphilis infection, but others don’t. This disease has great affiliationto Human
Immuno Virus (HIV) if it is not treatedearly.
Prior to 2001, Syphilis cases were rare inCanada, but the incidence has been on the rise more recently
than ever before acrossthe country. The attack rate and outbreaks began occurringinurban centers across
the country (Government of Canada, 2015). More cases have beenreportedinBC than any other province
in Canada. The populationat riskhas beenprimarily among men who have sexwith men, many of whom
are taking antiretroviral drugs to treat HIV, (Johnson, 2017). The age of men affectedby this disease is
men between 20 to 39 years oldin Canada. More cases have been reportedwithmen in this category
(Government of Canada, 2015).
Recentlyin the province of BritishColumbia, researchers are proposingabiological reasonbehind the
"astounding" increase insyphilis cases. They are caught in a school of thought “saying high-risksexual
behavior doesn't explainthe outbreaks that are happening”. Although, the prevalence of this disease cases
continues to grow, suggestingthat people are not consistentlyusingsafer sexmethods (Government of
Canada, 2015).
How it spreads:
This disease canbe transmittedthrough oral, genital, or anal sexwith an infectedperson. Accordingto the
Government of Canada website (2015), it is saidthat pregnant woman with syphilis can pass this bacteria
on to her unborn child. The result of this is usually birthdefects or death. Although less common, it can
also be transmittedthroughsharing needles or through brokenskin.
The disease is also communicable by the use of sharing drug use equipment (Smart Sex Resources, 2016).
Sharing needles and other form of injections mayalso expose someone to the riskof spreadingthis deadly
disease. This practice is commonwith the Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) community.
4. 4
Using or sharing needles to inject hormones is also consideredahigh riskactivity that can lead to having
syphilis (CATIE, 2015).
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
The primary diagnosis of Syphilis is through a simple bloodtest and is easilytreatedwith penicillinor
other antibiotics (Government of Canada, 2015). Syphilis has two major modes of which it is contracted.
It is infectious andnoninfectious stage. When this disease is not treatedearlyenough, it is communicable
at the first three stages before it gets to the fourthlate stage when it is more cumbersometo treat. The
stages are from the Primarystages, secondarystages, Latent Stages and Tertiary stages.
As mentionedearlier, the disease Syphilis is usuallycommunicable during the first three stages. It's
potencyof transmissionare higher during the primary and secondarystages, and early in the latent stage.
At this stage, it responds to treatment without much ado. When it remains untreated, syphilis may
progress to the tertiarystage. The Tertiary stage of syphilis can cause damages to the central nervous
system, the cardiovascular system, eyes, skinand other internal organs. Untreatedsyphilis could increase
the riskof contractingand transmittingHIV (Public HealthAgency of Canada, 2008).
The biggest challenge of the syphilis disease is that not everyone infectedwiththe bacteriawill develop
symptoms. This makes it a very dangerous disease. From a public health perspective, it is important to
know if you are at risk and how to take preventative action (Smart Sex Resources, 2016).
EFFECTS OF SYPHILIS
Syphilis comes witha great deal of various symptoms. These symptoms can easilybe confusedwith those
of other conditions byhealthcare professionals. The reasonis because; the prevalence of the disease has
not been high in Canada until recently (Government of Canada, 2015).
The PrimaryStage
With the primary syphilis, it couldstart with a painless open sore where the bacteriafirst enteredthe
body. This couldbe the genital area, throat, anus, or swollenglands may be present inthe groin.
Sometimes the symptoms couldmanifest veryslowly and can occur withina few days or a couple of
months after infection. Hence, because sorecouldbe painless, individuals affectedmay not pay much
5. 5
attentionto the infection. In Canada, most people do not report cases of primarysyphilis because theyare
not aware they are infected. In some cases, the sore mayheal over the periodwithout any treatment.
While this is very commonwith the disease infection, the infectionwill remainand progress to secondary
syphilis (Sexual Health Ontario, 2017).
The SecondaryStage
This stage starts with a rash on one or multiple areas of the body. These rashes can appear from time to
time even after the original sore has healed. Sometimes the rashmay not be itchywhich makes it more
dangerous because it still does not puts pressure onthe infectedindividual to carry out a medical checkup.
The rash may appear to be rough, reddishbrown spots onthe palms of the hands or appear at the bottom
of the feet. Most times, infectedpeople maymisinterpret them for birthmarks because it appears faints on
the skin (Sexual HealthOntario, 2017) .
With the secondarysyphilis, the symptoms can overlap with those of the primary stage and vary
considerably. These symptoms include patchy hair loss, rashon the soles of the feet, the palms of the
hands, or elsewhere onthe body, fever, malaise, swollenglands, and flat grayish-white sores inmouthand
on genitals (Government of Canada, 2015).
If the immune system of the infectedindividual is strong, treatments maynot be requiredas such but if
the immune system fails at the time of protractingthe disease, it is important to treat as soonas possible.
Without the right treatment, the infectionmayprogress to the latent stage of syphilis (Sexual Health
Ontario, 2017).
The Latent Stage
At this stage, the disease exists but not yet developed or manifested. It can be said that it is hidden or
concealedinthe body. The latent stage of syphilis is a periodof time when there are no visible signs or
symptoms of syphilis. If you do not receive treatment, youcan continue to have syphilis in your body for
years without any signs or symptoms (Centers for DiseaseControland Prevention, 2017). Hence it is
important to do regular checkup to catch the existence at this stage (Government of Canada, 2015).
The TertiaryStage
At this stage, it affects bodysystems and can affect vital organs in the body. Syphilis can cause damage to
the body, affectingthe brain, bloodvessels, heart, and bones. When it is untreated, syphilis can eventually
6. 6
lead to death. Accordingto the CDC website, Tertiary syphilis is very serious and would occur 10–30
years after your infectionbegan. It can also lead to high chances of contractingthe HIV. The transformed
syphilis to HIV oftenmakes HIV difficult to treat. (CDC, 2017),
A Lookinto Syphilis inCanada
Syphilis was first noticedinCanada is 1924. (Public HealthAgencyof Canada, 2008). The overall
reportedrate of infectious syphilis increasedinthe last decade that is from 2007 to 2017. The rate of
increase was by 568.2%. It was reportedthat the rate of infectionwas commonamong men than women
in Canada. Men between the age group of 20 - 39 were mostlyaffectedwhile women had an age range of
20 - 24.
In Canada, outbreaks have been reportedinthe last decade in places like Vancouver, Edmonton, Ottawa,
Montreal, Winnipeg, Toronto and the Yukon areas. Most recently, outbreaks have been reportedin
Northwest TerritoriesandNova Scotia. The rate increase was highly significant betweenmen who have
sexwith men and the bisexuals’ community. Although, a proper ratio has not been establishedbecause
most people do not willingly give informationas regard to their sexuality. The male to female ratio is
much higher in some jurisdictions like Quebec, Ontario and BritishColumbia
Source: (Public HealthAgency of Canada, 2008)
7. 7
In 2008, people above 30 years oldaccountedfor 73.6% of the populationaffectedbysyphilis. In
mean, the highest reportedrate of infectious syphilis was shared between 25 to 29 years oldand 30 to
39 year olds (13.3 per 100,000). Together, these age groups accountedfor almost 40% of the reported
cases inmen in 2008 (PublicHealthAgency of Canada, 2008). In women, the highest reportedrate was
in 20 to 24 years olds (3.6 per 100,000).
Public HealthAgency of Canada, 2008, reportedthat Cases in menare more commoninthe case of
syphilis. In 2008, Menaccountedfor 86.1% of the populationof infectious Syphilis that were reported.
But before then, cases were stable between genders from 1993 to 2001. Cases spikedup in Canada from
2001. This coincidedwithwhen the LGBT rights came into play among provinces until it was finally
adopted nationally in July 20, 2005 (Historical Canada, 2005).
Source: (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2008)
While in 2016, Albertarecordedwithinits province and reportedthe highest outbreakof syphilis. Numbers
show that syphilis cases inAlberta as at 2014 was 150 cases and the number doubledin 2015 to 350
reportedcases. As at April 2016, 123cases of syphilis have been reported. More cases were reportedin
8. 8
Edmonton than other citiesinAlberta (MarionWarnica, CBC News, 2016). Marionalso reportedthat
provinces like BritishColumbia, Saskatchewan and Newfoundland have also reportedspikes insyphilis
cases with more cases inthe male gender. It was also found that men who had sexwith men were about
86% of the cases reported.
FIGURE 1: ReportedRates ofInfectious Syphilis, 1993 - 2008
Source: (Public HealthAgency of Canada, 2008)
Source: (Public HealthAgency of Canada, 2008)
9. 9
Although Syphilis is on the rise incomparisonto previous historical years, its numbers are still
comparably small in connectionwithother forms of STDs like Gonorrheaand Chlamydia. See this
table belowto see the comparison.
In conclusionas regardto syphilis in Canada over a 10-year period, Canada has witnesseda 40%
decrease insyphilis rates in women and a 128% increaseinsyphilis rates inmen, which is consistent
with trends seenin other Westerncountries (Statistics Canada, 2015).
Preventing Syphilis
The upstream measure to prevent syphilis is to practice safer habits in the community. The best way to
prevent syphilis is to practice safe sex. In modernsocieties, using condoms duringany type of sexual
contact is a good idea. Furthermore it may be helpful to avoid having sec with multiple partners, avoid
sharing sex toys and above all get screened for sexuallytransmittedinfections andtalk to your partners
about their results (Honor Societyof Nursing(STTI), 2017).
Syphilis not associated withSex: Pregnant MothersandNewborns
Mothers infectedwithsyphilis are at high riskfor mishaps suchas miscarriages, still births, and in most
cases of premature birth. There is also high riskthat an infectedmother will pass the disease to her
fetus. This is known as congenital syphilis (HealthLine, 2014).
Congenital syphilis is a form of syphilis that is acquired by the child and can be life-threatening. Babies
born with congenital syphilis are seento have deformities, developmental delays, seizures, rashes,
fever, swollenliver or spleen, jaundice and infectious sores (HealthLine, 2014).
10. 10
When a baby has congenital syphilis and it is not detectedat birth, the babies stand the riskof
developing late-stage syphilis. This can lead to damage to their bones, teeth, eyes, ears, brain etc. Hence
proper checkand regular checkup is recommendedfor mothers that have at one time or the other been
diagnosed with syphilis (HealthLine, 2014).
What to do now about Syphilis.
The nature of the disease suggest that everyone can go test for syphilis especiallyif one has had
unprotectedsexwith someone before, or maybe pregnant, or man that has had sexwith another man.
Others may be someone who engaged unprotectedsexwith multiple partners. Since this disease can
have an incubationperiodof up to 10years, it is imperative to have for all to do the test in Canada.
Government can also intervene by providing great educationabout the subject around the community
that it is mostlyprevalent, that is the LGBT. Safer measures of sexual practices couldbe taught on how
to pleasure themselves. Other measures are abstinence which is very unpopular.
11. 11
Works Cited
CATIE. (2015). Syphilisis Serious and its here. Retrievedfrom catie.ca/syphilis:
http://www.catie.ca/syphilis
Centers for Disease Control andPrevention. (2017). SexaullyTransmittedDiseases (STDs). Retrieved
from cdc.gov/std: https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis.htm
Government of Canada. (2015, July29). Syphilis. Retrievedfrom Government of Canada:
https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/syphilis.html
HealthLine. (2014). Syphilis. Retrievedfrom https://www.healthline.com:
https://www.healthline.com/health/std/syphilis#overview1
Honor Societyof Nursing(STTI). (2017, August). Does syphilisaffect men differentlythanwomen?
Retrievedfrom Sharecare.com: https://www.sharecare.com/health/stds-sexually-transmitted-
diseases/syphilis-affect-men-differently-women
Johnson, L. (2017, January 17). Risky behaviournot only cause of syphilisoutbreaks, new study
proposes. Retrievedfrom cbc.ca/news: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-
columbia/syphilis-hiv-study-1.3939462
MarionWarnica, CBC News. (2016, April 26). Social media blamedfor Alberta's gonorrhea and
syphilis 'outbreaklevels'. Sexually transmitted infectionrates in theprovince arethe highest they
have beenin 3 decades. Retrievedfrom CBC News Edmonton:
http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/social-media-blamed-for-alberta-s-gonorrhea-and-
syphilis-outbreak-levels-1.3554228
Public HealthAgency of Canada. (2008). Reports onSexuallyTransmitted Infections in Canada.
Retrievedfrom phac-aspc.gc.ca: http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/std-mts/report/sti-its2008/PDF/10-
047-STI_report_eng-r1.pdf
Sexual HealthOntario. (2017). Syphilis: What it is, How you prevent it if you think you have it .
Retrievedfrom sexualhealthontario.ca:
https://sexualhealthontario.ca/en/syphilis?gclid=CjwKCAiA6K_QBRA8EiwASvtjZbuKS9CB8n
gvjdADm15BEUfi7yrjc1oYRd9h0aq1k3-25qx23bafxxoCZQYQAvD_BwE#STIS-1
Smart Sex Resources. (2016). Napoleon May be History But Syphilis is not. Retrievedfrom
syphistory.ca.
Statistics Canada. (2015). Infectioussyphilis in Canada:2003-2012. Retrievedfrom Statistics Canada:
https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/reports-publications/canada-communicable-