SYPHILIS this is topic is explained briefly and easy to study...

2. SYPHILIS :- Syphilis is an acute or chronic bacterial
infectious disease spread primarily by sexual activity,
Including oral and anal sex which is caused by
treponema pallidum .

3.  The causative organism of syphilis is
Trapenoma pallidum.

4.  The most common route of transmission is through
contact with an infected person,s sore during any
sexual contact genital , oral genital or anal-genital.
 The bacteria enter body through minor cuts or
abrasions in skin mucous membranes.
 it is also transmitted by infected blood or other body
fluids such as saliva.
 Syphilis is contagious during its primary and
secondary stages,and some time in the early latent
period.

5.  Engage in unprotected sex .
 Have sex with multiple partners.
 Are a man who has sex with men.
 Are infected with HIV ,the virus that causes AIDS.

6.  Syphilis develops in stages and symptoms vary with
each stage
 There are 4 stages:-
1. Primary syphilis:-
 The primary stage of the syphilis occurs about 3to4
weeks after infection with bacteria.
 It begins with a small round sore called as chancre.
 A chancre is painless but it’s highly infectious.
 This sore may appear wherever the bacteria entered
body such as on or inside mouth genitals ,or rectum.

7. 2.Secondary syphilis:-
 Secondary syphilis appear any time from 2 weeks to
6 months after primary lesion (chancre).
 Patient have skin rash especially on palms of the
hand or soles the feet mucous patches in the oral
cavity.
 Sore throat generalized lymphadenopathy , arthritis ,
meningitis , condyloma lata on labia , anus or corner
of the mouth flu like symptoms, alopecia and weight
loss.
 These manifestations subside within 2to 6 weeks and
then disease progress to latent phase.
 Other symptoms of secondary syphilis may include.

8. 3. Latent syphilis:-
 The third stage of syphilis is the latent or hidden
stage .
 This stage begins 2years after initial infection and
may last for 50 years.
 Mostly asymptomatic but it can infect multiple organ
and cause infiltrating tumours in skin , bones , liver
which response promptly to treatment.
 In this stage aortitis and neuro syphilis can present
which can be represented by dementia psychosis ,
paresis , stroke or meningitis.

9. 4.Tertiary syphilis:-
 The last stage of infection is tertiary syphilis.
Approximately 15to 30 % of the people who don’t
receive treatment for the syphilis will enter this stage
.
 Tertiary syphilis can occur years or decades after
your initially infected .
 Tertiary syphilis can be life-threatening .
 Some other potential outcomes of tertiary syphilis
include :blindness , deafness , mental illness ,
memory loss ,destruction of soft tissue and bone ,
neurological , disorder such as the stroke or
meningitis , heart disease and neurosyphilis which is
an infection of brain or spinal cord .

11.  Careful history taken regarding presentation.
 Blood test can confirm the presence of antibodies that
the body produce to fight infection.
 Fluid from sores; doctor may scrape a small sample of
cells from a sore to be analysed by microscope in a lab.
 CSF analysis; If nervous system complication of
syphilis suspected doctor may also suggest collecting a
sample of CSF through a procedure called a lumbar
puncture ( spinal tap)
 VDRL or rapid plasma regain circle card test ( RPR-
CT) used for screening and diagnosis.
 FTA – ABS ( flurocent treponemal antibody
absorption) test done which is specific to T. pallidum.

13.  1 PREVENTION – To help prevent the spred of syphilis
follow this suggestion;
 Abstain or be monogamous. The only certein way to avoid
syphilis is to forgo having sex. The next best option is to
have mutually monogamous sex with one partner who is
uninfected.
 Use the latex condom. Condom can reduce your risk of
contracting syphilis, but only if the condom covers the
syphilis sores.
 Exessive use of alcohol or other drugs can cloud your
judgement and lead to unsafe sexual practices.
 Screening for pregnant women; people can be infected with
the syphilis and not now it. In light of the often deadly
effects syphilis can have on unborn children, health officials
recommend that all pregnant women be screened for the
disease.

15.  When diagnosed and treated in its early stage, syphilis is
easy to cure.
 The preferred treatment at all stages is penicillin an
antibiotics medication that can kill organism that causes
syphilis.
 Penicilline is a one of the most widely used antibiotics and
is usually affectiive in treating syphilis.
 If the patient is the sensitive to penicilline oral doxycycline
or tetracylime given for 28 days.
 During the treatment make a sure to avoid sexual contact
until all sores on body are healed and doctor tells its safe to
resume sex.
 If sexual active, partner should be treated as well.
 Patient should not resume sexual activity until the
treatment are complete.

17.  Late stage; Untreated syphilis can cause damage
to the brain, heart and other organ in the body.
 Sever cases of the disease can cause death.
 Neurosyphilis; infection of the central nervous
system can occur at any stage.
 Symptoms may include headache, dizziness,
personality changes, balance problem, dementia,
vision changes, hearing loss, nunbness or
weakness in the legs.
 Congenital syphilis; pregnant women can pass
syphilis to an unborn child, resulting in still birth,
preterm birth, and abnormalities in the baby.

19.  Advice the patient to maintain strict compliance to
described treatment.
 Teach abstinence from sexual contact until
recovery occurs.
 Advice the patient to use the condom to prevent
further infection.
 Provide privacy and confidently to patient.
 Advice the patient regarding importance of
regular follow up.
 Advice the patient regarding hand washing and
sex hygiene to prevent sp4esd of infection.