Symmetric Encryption Principles
Data Encryption Standard
Advanced Encryption Standard
Stream Ciphers and RC4
Cipher Block Modes of Operation
Key Distribution
The presentation describes basics of cryptography and information security. It covers goals of cryptography, history of cipher symmetric and public key cryptography
USER AUTHENTICATION
MEANS OF USER AUTHENTICATION
PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION
PASSWORD VULNERABILITIES
USE OF HASHED PASSWORDS – IN UNIX
PASSWORD CRACKING TECHNIQUES
USING BETTER PASSWORDS
TOKEN AUTHENTICATION
BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION
An introduction to asymmetric cryptography with an in-depth look at RSA, Diffie-Hellman, the FREAK and LOGJAM attacks on TLS/SSL, and the "Mining your P's and Q's attack".
The presentation describes basics of cryptography and information security. It covers goals of cryptography, history of cipher symmetric and public key cryptography
USER AUTHENTICATION
MEANS OF USER AUTHENTICATION
PASSWORD AUTHENTICATION
PASSWORD VULNERABILITIES
USE OF HASHED PASSWORDS – IN UNIX
PASSWORD CRACKING TECHNIQUES
USING BETTER PASSWORDS
TOKEN AUTHENTICATION
BIO-METRIC AUTHENTICATION
An introduction to asymmetric cryptography with an in-depth look at RSA, Diffie-Hellman, the FREAK and LOGJAM attacks on TLS/SSL, and the "Mining your P's and Q's attack".
this presentation is on block cipher modes which are used for encryption and decryption to any message.That are Defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology . Block cipher modes of operation are part of symmetric key encryption algorithm.
i hope you may like this.
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on ... Systems as a means to effectively improve security by combining simple operations such as .... Finally, the cipher should be easily cryptanalyzable, such that it can be ...
Introduction to Public key Cryptosystems with block diagrams
Reference : Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practice , Sixth Edition , William Stalling
Information and network security 13 playfair cipherVaibhav Khanna
The Playfair cipher was the first practical digraph substitution cipher. The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone but was named after Lord Playfair who promoted the use of the cipher. In playfair cipher unlike traditional cipher we encrypt a pair of alphabets(digraphs) instead of a single alphabet
This presentation contains the contents pertaining to the undergraduate course on Cryptography and Network Security (UITC203) at Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology. This covers the classical cryptographic techniques that were in practice and the basic concepts behind the design of Feistel ciphers
Slide Deck Class Session 8 – FRSecure CISSP Mentor ProgramFRSecure
Domain 4: Communication and Network Security -Review
•Network Architecture and Design
•Fundamentals
•OSI Model
•TCP/IP Model
•Encapsulation(speaking of which)
this presentation is on block cipher modes which are used for encryption and decryption to any message.That are Defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology . Block cipher modes of operation are part of symmetric key encryption algorithm.
i hope you may like this.
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on ... Systems as a means to effectively improve security by combining simple operations such as .... Finally, the cipher should be easily cryptanalyzable, such that it can be ...
Introduction to Public key Cryptosystems with block diagrams
Reference : Cryptography and Network Security Principles and Practice , Sixth Edition , William Stalling
Information and network security 13 playfair cipherVaibhav Khanna
The Playfair cipher was the first practical digraph substitution cipher. The scheme was invented in 1854 by Charles Wheatstone but was named after Lord Playfair who promoted the use of the cipher. In playfair cipher unlike traditional cipher we encrypt a pair of alphabets(digraphs) instead of a single alphabet
This presentation contains the contents pertaining to the undergraduate course on Cryptography and Network Security (UITC203) at Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology. This covers the classical cryptographic techniques that were in practice and the basic concepts behind the design of Feistel ciphers
Slide Deck Class Session 8 – FRSecure CISSP Mentor ProgramFRSecure
Domain 4: Communication and Network Security -Review
•Network Architecture and Design
•Fundamentals
•OSI Model
•TCP/IP Model
•Encapsulation(speaking of which)
Domain 4: Communication and Network Security - Review
Network Architecture and Design, Fundamentals, OSI Model, TCP/IP Model and Encapsulation (speaking of which)
Unit 1
Information System Security
(According RTU Syllabus)
1-Introduction to security attacks Services and mechanism
2-Classical encryption techniques
3-Cryptanalysis, stream and block ciphers
4- Modern Block Ciphers: Block ciphers principals
5- Shannon’s theory of confusion and diffusion
6- Fiestal structure
7- Data encryption standard(DES)
8- Differential and linear cryptanalysis of DES
9- Block cipher modes of operations.
10- Triple Data Encryption Standard (Triple-DES)
1 Symmetric Encryption
2 Message Authentication and Hash Functions
3 Public-Key Encryption
4 Digital Signatures and Key Management
5 Random and Pseudo random Numbers
6 Practical Application: Encryption of Stored Data
7 Symmetric vs Asymmetric
Multiple Encryption using ECC and Its Time Complexity AnalysisIJCERT
Rapid growth of information technology in present era, secure communication, strong data encryption technique and trusted third party are considered to be major topics of study. Robust encryption algorithm development to secure sensitive data is of great significance among researchers at present. The conventional methods of encryption used as of today may not sufficient and therefore new ideas for the purpose are to be design, analyze and need to be fit into the existing system of security to provide protection of our data from unauthorized access. An effective encryption/ decryption algorithm design to enhance data security is a challenging task while computation, complexity, robustness etc. are concerned. The multiple encryption technique is a process of applying encryption over a single encryption process in a number of iteration. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is well known and well accepted cryptographic algorithm and used in many application as of today. In this paper, we discuss multiple encryptions and analyze the computation overhead in the process and study the feasibility of practical application. In the process we use ECC as a multiple-ECC algorithm and try to analyze degree of security, encryption/decryption computation time and complexity of the algorithm. Performance measure of the algorithm is evaluated by analyzing encryption time as well as decryption time in single ECC as well as multiple-ECC are compared with the help of various examples.
Training and Tips that are very helpful to gain knowledge in the field of information Security and passing your CISSP Certification Exam.
To be CISSP Certified Please Check out the link below:
http://asmed.com/cissp-isc2/
Symmetric Cipher Model,BruteForce attack, Cryptanalysis,Advantages of Symmetric cryptosystem,Model of conventional Encryption, model of conventional cryptosystem,Cryptography,Ciphertext,Plaintext,Decryption algorithm,Diadvantages of Symmetric Cryptosystem,Types of attacks on encrypted messages,Average time required for exhaustive key search
Computer Cryptography and Encryption [by: Magoiga].pptxmagoigamtatiro1
This presentation provides a comprehensive introduction to encryption, covering various
techniques, algorithms, and best practices used to secure data and communications. Students will gain a solid understanding of the principles
and applications of cryptography, enabling them to implement robust security solutions in real world scenarios.
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The IoT Era Begins
Components of IoT-Enabled Things
IoT Reference model
IoT Security
IoT Security & Privacy Req. defined by ITU-T
An IoT Security Framework
IoT Security Challenges
Internet of Things - Liability
IoT security tools
MEANING OF RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
CHARACTERISTICS OF RESEARCH
CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH
QUALITIES OF GOOD RESEARCH
RESEARCH MOTIVATIONS
TYPES OF RESEARCH
PROBLEMS IN RESEARCH
RESEARCH APPROACHES
RESEARCH PROCESS
LITERATURE REVIEW
HYPOTHESIS
CRITERIA OF GOOD RESEARCH
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY RESEARCHER
12.1 Security Awareness, Training, and Education
12.2 Polices and Employment Practices
12.3 E-Mail and Internet Use Policies
12.4 Computer Security Incident Response Teams
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1. 1
Symmetric Encryption and message
confidentiality
ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
Mr. RAJASEKAR RAMALINGAM
Department of IT, College of Applied
Sciences, Sur.
Sultanate of Oman.
http://vrrsekar.wixsite.com/raja
Based on
William Stallings, Lawrie Brown, Computer Security:
Principles and Practice, Third Edition
2. CONTENT
ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
2
3.1 Symmetric Encryption Principles
3.2 Data Encryption Standard
3.3 Advanced Encryption Standard
3.4 Stream Ciphers and RC4
3.5 Cipher Block Modes of Operation
3.6 Key Distribution
3. 3.1 Symmetric Encryption Principles
Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
• also known as: conventional encryption, secret-key, or
single-key encryption
– only alternative before public-key crypto in 70’s
• still most widely used alternative
• has ingredients:
– plaintext,
– encryption algorithm,
– secret key,
– ciphertext, and
– decryption algorithm
3ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
3.1.1 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
4. 3.1.2 Cryptography
Classified along three independent
dimensions:
The type of operations
used for transforming
plaintext to ciphertext
• substitution – each element
in the plaintext is mapped
into another element
• transposition – elements in
plaintext are rearranged
The number of keys
used
• sender and receiver use
same key – symmetric
• sender and receiver each
use a different key -
asymmetric
The way in which the
plaintext is processed
• block cipher – processes
input one block of elements
at a time
• stream cipher – processes
the input elements
continuously
ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality 4
6. 3.1.4 Computationally Secure Algs.
• only weak algs fail a ciphertext-only attack
• usually design algs to withstand a known-plaintext attack
• encryption is computationally secure if:
– cost of breaking cipher exceeds info value
– time required to break cipher exceeds the useful lifetime of the
info
• usually very difficult to estimate the amount of effort
required to break
• can estimate time/cost of a brute-force attack
6ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
7. 3.1.5 Block Cipher Structure
• Symmetric block cipher consists of:
– A sequence of rounds
– With substitutions and permutations controlled by key
• Parameters and design features:
Block size Key size
Number of
rounds
Subkey
generation
algorithm
Round
function
Fast
software
encryption/d
ecryption
Ease of
analysis
ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality 7
8. 3.2 Data Encryption Standard (DES)
Most widely used
encryption scheme
Adopted in 1977 by
National Bureau of
Standards (now NIST)
Algorithm is referred to
as the Data Encryption
Algorithm (DEA)
Minor variation of the
Feistel network
8ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
9. 3.2.1 Triple DES (3DES)
• standardized in 1999
• uses two or three keys
– C = E(K3, D(K2, E(K1, P)))
• decryption same
– with keys reversed
• use of decryption in second stage gives
compatibility with original DES users
• effective 168-bit key length, slow, secure
9ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
12. Substitute Bytes
• a simple table lookup in S-box
– a 1616 matrix of byte values
– mapping old byte to a new value
• e.g. {95} maps to {2A}
– a permutation of all possible 256 8-bit values
• constructed using finite field properties
– designed to be resistant to known cryptanalytic attacks
• decrypt uses inverse of S-box
12ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
15. On encryption left
rotate each row of
State by 0,1,2,3
bytes respectively
Decryption
does
reverse
To move
individual
bytes from one
column to
another and
spread bytes
over columns
Shift
Rows
ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality 15
16. Mix Columns & Add Key
• Mix Columns
– operates on each column individually
– mapping each byte to a new value that is a function of all
four bytes in the column
– use of equations over finite fields
– to provide good mixing of bytes in column
• Add Round Key
– simply XOR State with bits of expanded key
– security from complexity of round key expansion and other
stages of AES
16ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
17. 3.4 Stream Ciphers
• processes input elements continuously
• key input to a pseudorandom bit generator
– produces stream of random like numbers
– unpredictable without knowing input key
– XOR keystream output with plaintext bytes
• are faster and use far less code
• design considerations:
– encryption sequence should have a large period
– keystream approximates random number properties
– uses a sufficiently long key
17ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
18. Speed Comparisons of Symmetric Ciphers
• on a Pentium 4
Source: http://www.cryptopp.com/benchmarks.html
ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality 18
20. 3.5 Modes of Operation
• block ciphers process data in blocks
– e.g. 64-bits (DES, 3DES) or 128-bits (AES)
• for longer messages must break up
– and possibly pad end to block size multiple
• have 5 five modes of operation for this
– defined in NIST SP 800-38A
– modes are: ECB, CBC, CFB, OFB, CTR
20ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
21. 3.5.1 Block Cipher Modes of Operation
ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality 21
22. 3.5.2 Electronic Codebook (ECB)
• simplest mode
• split plaintext into blocks
• encrypt each block using the same key
• “codebook” because have unique ciphertext value
for each plaintext block
– not secure for long messages since repeated plaintext is
seen in repeated ciphertext
– to overcome security deficiencies you need a technique
where the same plaintext block, if repeated, produces
different ciphertext blocks
22ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
23. 3.5.3 Cipher Block Chaining (CBC)
23
Cj = E(K, [Cj–1 Pj])
ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality
26. 3.6 Key Distribution
• symmetric crypto needs a shared key:
• two parties A & B can achieve this by:
– A selects key, physically delivers to B
– 3rd party select keys, physically delivers to A, B
• reasonable for link crypto, bad for large no’s users
– A selects new key, sends encrypted using previous old key to B
• good for either, but security fails if any key discovered
– 3rd party C selects key, sends encrypted to each of A & B using
existing key with each
• best for end-to-end encryption
26ITSY3104 COMPUTER SECURITY - A - LECTURE 3 Symmetric Encryption and Message Confidentiality