Surveillance and monitoring are important public health activities. Surveillance involves the ongoing collection and analysis of health data to plan, implement, and evaluate public health programs. It can be used to monitor disease trends, assess prevention programs, and recognize disease outbreaks. There are different levels of surveillance from individual to international. Types include active, passive, sentinel, behavioral, and nutritional surveillance. India has integrated disease surveillance programs to monitor communicable and non-communicable diseases across public and private sectors. Monitoring tracks program implementation and identifies solutions to improve performance using routine data collection. The health management information system is a web-based tool used in India to monitor health services and programs.