Vitamin A-intoduction, functions, sources, storage, WHO statistics, deficiency, treatment, prevention and control of deficiencies, Vit. A deficiency in India, assessment of Vit. A deficiency, recommended allowances, toxicity.
Vitamin A-intoduction, functions, sources, storage, WHO statistics, deficiency, treatment, prevention and control of deficiencies, Vit. A deficiency in India, assessment of Vit. A deficiency, recommended allowances, toxicity.
Iodine Deficiency Disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine. The adverse consequences of iodine deficiency lead to a wide spectrum of problems ranging from abortion and still birth to mental and physical retardation and deafness, which collectively known as Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs).
Assessment Methods For Nutritional StatusDrSindhuAlmas
By the end of this lecture the you should be able:
To know the different methods for assessing the nutritional status To understand the basic anthropometric techniques, applications, & reference standards
This was done as a student presentation using photographs & content from various web sites & textbooks on the assumption of fair usage for studying & is for NON-COMMERCIAL purposes.
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
Iodine Deficiency Disorders refer to a spectrum of health consequences resulting from inadequate intake of iodine. The adverse consequences of iodine deficiency lead to a wide spectrum of problems ranging from abortion and still birth to mental and physical retardation and deafness, which collectively known as Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs).
Assessment Methods For Nutritional StatusDrSindhuAlmas
By the end of this lecture the you should be able:
To know the different methods for assessing the nutritional status To understand the basic anthropometric techniques, applications, & reference standards
This was done as a student presentation using photographs & content from various web sites & textbooks on the assumption of fair usage for studying & is for NON-COMMERCIAL purposes.
Nutritional assessment using anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and dietary methods with a larger understanding of anthropometric methods used in Ethiopia
This ppt was prepared by Mohammed Seid Ali (Researcher, Educator, Clinician; Assistant professor) from Gondar, Ethiopia. The ppt contains 52 slides about nutritional assessment in children. The topic is very important for all readers across the world to identify nutritional problems easily, design appropriate interventions, implement nutritional-related health policies, and for the clinicians as a baseline to treat nutritional abnormalities
AssignmentA Comparison of Three Dietary Assessment Method.docxssuser562afc1
Assignment:
A Comparison of Three Dietary Assessment Methods
Word count: 1900Introduction
The high prevalence of chronic no communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease, some cancers, diabetes, obesity and osteoporosis, not only in developing countries but also in developing countries, highlights the need to improve the methods assessment of dietary intake of food in order to identify the role of diet in the aetiology and prevention of these diseases (Vuckovic et al. 2000). Dietary assessment methods are essential tools in determining food intake of population groups. Because each method has its advantages and limitations, the present review is to analyze and discuss the most important aspects related to these methods. The assessment of nutritional status can be performed after the application of various methods, scope and limitations (Thompson et al. 2001).
Although the intake effect on health has received attention a long time, and there are historical studies of interest which is reviewed in another paper in this report, the development of modern methodology began to consider rigorously only from for a couple of decades. There are many dietary methods for diet assessment that include 24-hour recall and telephone recall that are retrospective methods, in addition there are methods such as food frequency and semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires, methods that include history of dietary, food record weighed, food diary, prospective method, duplicate portion analysis etc (Wang et al. 2006). However, the three dietary assessment plans used for the completion of this paper are 7-day weighed record, 3-day estimated record, 24 hour recall.
The 24 hour recall method is to define and quantify all beverages and food ingested during a period prior to the interview, usually 24 hours before the meeting. Basically the person is asked to remember and describe the type and amount of all foods (including beverages) taken during the previous 24 hours. On the other hand, the 7 day weighed record or food diary is the one in which the practical application of the direct method of assessing individual intake is that the respondent or a representative of this (e.g., A mother for her child) scores in appropriate forms for a period of time, every food and beverages consumed over that period. The method can be carried out without accurately quantify the intake of food and drinks. Finally, the 3-day estimated record or food frequency is useful for providing information about food groups and typical food consumed; reflects the habitual consumption of food (Trabulsi, et al. 2001).
Method: Dietary Intake
24 hr recall
This method attempts to obtain complete information on dietary intake of an individual during a period of 24 hours. The method required an interviewer that was a classmate to take from 20 to 30 minutes to interview the subject. The interviewer asked extensively on food and beverage consumption during 24 hours prior to the ...
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India is a developing country where the percentage of malnutrition and undernutrition is higher than that of developed countries. Nutritional status is such a state of health of a person, which is affected by the usefulness of food elements.
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MS Wine Day 2024 Arapitsas Advancements in Wine Metabolomics Research
Dietary survey
1. Dietary Survey
Dr. Chirag R. Sonkusare
Junior Resident
Dept of Community Medicine
GGMC & JJH, Mumbai-08
2. Specific learning objectives
Describe and discuss
dietary surveys for
nutritional assessment of
communities.
Demonstrate the various
nutritional assessment
methods for individual,
family
3. Introduction
Dietary survey
• A nutritional survey is never complete without diet
survey.
• We may be able to find out that there is a nutritional
deficit through clinical, laboratory, or
anthropometrical methods, but to find out whether
this nutritional deficiency is because of diet and due
to which diet/nutrient, we must invariably resort to a
diet survey.
4. Introduction
• It is thus an integral part of nutritional survey.
• A diet survey objectively defines the importance of
diet in various health states and disease.
• Diet survey is the scientific assessment of food
consumption, and this data can be used for various
purposes, including assessment of the nutritional
status.
6. 1. Food Balance Sheet Method.
• This method is used when information regarding
availability and consumption of food is required at a
macro level such as the global, national, region, or
state level.
• The difference between receipt (of food of various
sources) and expenditure of food over a given
period gives an estimate of the food consumed by
population.
• These figures are used for various types of planning
and budgeting at national and state levels.
7. 2. Inventory Method
• This method is used at an institutional level for a
homogenous group (e.g., hostel, jail, mess, army barrack,
orphanage).
• Amounts of various food stuffs available as per records at
the beginning and end of a certain period (say a week)
are taken into consideration
• The balance of various food items is again checked.
• Individual consumption/day=
Stocks at beginning of week −
Stocks at end of week
Number of individuals
x Number of days
8. 3. Weighment Method.
• In this method, both raw and cooked foods
are weighed.
• The amount (weight or volume) eaten by
each individual is also assessed.
• One can thus calculate the nutrients
consumed by each person.
• This method is more accurate than the
inventory method. But it is a very
cumbersome, time-consuming, and tedious
process as it involves weighing of all
foods.
9. 4. 24-Hour Recall (or
Questionnaire) Method.
• This method is a relatively easy
method based on the recall
capabilities of individuals about the
food intake over a period of past 24
hours.
• Although it might be the most
widely used method, as it is a short-
term retrospective method, it is more
prone to errors.
10. 5. Food Frequency
Questionnaire
(FFQ) Method
• It is an epidemiological technique based on counting the
frequency of consumption of an item over a period of
time.
• It can be used to assess specific dietary intakes during
pregnancy, lactation, and so on.
• It can even be conducted through post.
• For example, a FFQ may read "In 1 week how often
do you consume the following items....”
• This filled-up questionnaire is analyzed using pre-decided
nutrient values for different foods.
11. 6. Food Diary.
• A food diary is a daily log of what one eats
and drinks each day.
• It is a useful method to understand the
eating habits of an individual.
• It is better than the 24-hour recall
questionnaire method as there is no recall
bias. These days, there are many mobile
phone apps available which can maintain e-
record/diary of an individual.
12. Nutritional assessment methods for
individual, family
Direct Indirect
Deals with individual and are
based on objective criteria.
Based on community health
indices.
Clinical Examination. Vital statistics
Anthropometric measurement. Assessment of ecological
factors.
Biochemical evaluation and
laboratory methods.
Dietary assessment/dietary
survey.
Functional indicators.
13. Clinical Examination:
• Simplest and most practical.
• Head to toe examination:-hair, angles of mouth, gums, nails, skin, eyes etc.
• Rapid, easy, inexpensive and noninvasive
• Disadvantage- not detect early cases, malnutrition can't be quantified, missed diseases.
• Clinical signs are classified into three categories:-
• Signs not related to nutrition- eg. Pterygium
• Signs that need further investigation- eg. Corneal vascularization
• Signs known to be of value- eg. Bitot’s spots
14. Anthropometric methods
• Anthropometry is the measurements of body height, weight and
• calculating related proportions.
• Used to evaluate both undernutrition and overnutrition.
• Body weight, height, crown-heel length, mid upper-arm circumference, HC, CC,
skinfold thickness, WHR and waist circumference.
• Height- stadiometer/ infantometer, long term illness, remains unaffected in acute
stages
• Weight-mc used, Salter scale
15. • Anthropometric indicators:-
• Weight for age(%)= (Weight of child/weight of normal child of same age) X 100
• Weight for height(%)= (Weight of child/weight of normal child of same height)
X 100 (age Independent indicator)
• Body mass index= weight (kg)/height(m2)
• Anthro is objective, easy, reproducible readings, inexpensive, minimal training,
• Disadvantage;- human, instrument errors, standard of measurement
16. Biochemical and lab assessment
• Hb
• Stool examination
• Urine examination
• Serum iron, Vit B12, Vit D etc
• Appear before Clinical signs
• Time Consuming, Expensive, Needs Training
18. Dietary Assessment
• Recognize problems related to eating patterns and constitute a valuable
tool to deliver nutritional education.
• Assessment of nutritional intake of an individual, family or a population
is important to have an idea about existing pattern of dietary habits and
deficiencies prevalent among the population esp. vulnerable groups.
• Individual level
• Household level
• State/national level
19. Individual level
• 24- hour dietary recall -suitable for large scale surveys and ease of
administration; limitations are that it is memory dependent and bias.
• Multiple 24 hour recalls, or multiple days of diet records- 7 days of dietary
record is considered as a dietary cycle, atleast 3 days of data is required; suitable
for large scale surveys.
• Food records- individuals are asked to record all foods eaten for usually 3-7 days;
quantification of food is estimated by measuring frequencies of standard portion
sizes; memory independent.
• Weighed food records -individual/investigator weighs each item of food and
drink prior to consumption by the individual for a period of 3-7 days; 2
investigators required –one for taking history and weighing and other to record
observations.
• Food frequency questionnaire- consists of list of food items and a corresponding
set of frequencies like daily/twice etc; not a valid method to quantify calorie
intake.
• Video and photographic method -not feasible for large scale surveys
20. Infants and young children
• Minimum diet diversity- 6 to 23.9 months of age
• Minimum meal frequency- 6 to 23.9 months of age of breast-fed r on breast fed
children
• Minimum adequate diet
21. Household level
• Food account method- individual of the house keeps a daily record of all food
items which are purchased during a given time period, usually 7 days; gives info
about mean food consumption; food eaten outside not taken into assessment
• List recall method- recall all food items utilized by whole household; quanity and
price of foods noted.
• Inventory method-record of stock of food items prepared at the beginning and end
of specified period, usually 1 week; avg intake of food per person per day ; used
for hostels, orphanages etc; large sample is covered in a short time
• Household food record method -Household methods are used for their national
food consumption surveys Info regarding socio-economic status, purchasing
practices, meals n snacks consumed outside home, eating patterns, dietary
supplements etc can be collected simultaneously
• Telephone survey
22. National level
• Food balance sheets- gross national food supply is calculated; useful for
administrators, planners
• Market databases- used to analyze trends in consumer
• preferences.
• Computerized dietary assessment
• Nutrient analysis system
23. Indirect methods
• Vital statistics:- -under5 mortality rate, prev of anemia, etc
• Ecological studies:- socio economic, cultural, health and educational services,
food production etc
• Nutritional surveillance/ nutritional Survey/ réhabilitation
