When phases exist together, the boundary between two of them is known as interface.
When the phase is in contact with atmosphere it is termed as surface.
In this presentation:
Surface Tension
Interfacial Tension
Definition of inerfacial tension in different ways
Measurement of interfacial and surface tesion
Surface and Interfacial tension [Part-3(a)] (Measurement of Surface and Inter...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL TENSION
Capillary Rise Method, Drop Count and Weight Method.
Wilhelmy Plate Methods ,The DuNouy Ring Method.
Capillary Rise Method: Upward force due to surface tension: Drop count and Weight method Downward Force: Drop weight method: Drop count method
When phases exist together, the boundary between two of them is known as interface.
When the phase is in contact with atmosphere it is termed as surface.
In this presentation:
Surface Tension
Interfacial Tension
Definition of inerfacial tension in different ways
Measurement of interfacial and surface tesion
Surface and Interfacial tension [Part-3(a)] (Measurement of Surface and Inter...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
MEASUREMENT OF SURFACE AND INTERFACIAL TENSION
Capillary Rise Method, Drop Count and Weight Method.
Wilhelmy Plate Methods ,The DuNouy Ring Method.
Capillary Rise Method: Upward force due to surface tension: Drop count and Weight method Downward Force: Drop weight method: Drop count method
IT INCLUDES HOW A SURFACTANT MOLECULE BEING DISTRIBUTED AT A LIQUID SURFACE/INTERFACE
ALSO EXPLAINS THE STRUCTURE OF A SURFACTANT MOLECULE AND HOW IT WILL B ORIENTED IN BOTH POLAR AND NON POLAR LIQUIDS
EXPLAIN CRITICAL MICELLAR CONCENTRATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE
MICELLE FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF MICELLE
SURFACE TENSION, INTERFACIAL TENSION, SURFACE FREE ENERGY, Measurement of surface and interfacial tension-capillary rise method, drop number method, drop weight method, Du Nuoy tensiometer method, Spreading of liquids, spreading coefficient, surface active agents, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, soluble monolayers, Adsorption on solid surface, Isotherms
Surface Tension is defined as the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area.
It is due to the phenomena of surface tension that the drops of water tend to assume a spherical shape to attain minimum surface area. the presentation gives a brief description of the methods to measue this important property of the interface of two fluid.
This presentation covers concepts such as surface tension, surface energy, liquid drops and bubbles, wetting, capillarity at the elementary school level. Comment down in a box for improvement.
Solubility of drugs: Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent interactions, ideal solubility parameters, solvation & association, quantitative approach to the factors
influencing solubility of drugs, diffusion principles in biological systems. Solubility
of gas in liquids, solubility of liquids in liquids, (Binary solutions, ideal solutions)
Raoult’s law, real solutions. Partially miscible liquids, Critical solution temperature . Distribution law, its limitations and applications
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-7)(Solid-crystalline, Amorpho...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
CRYSTALLINE SOLID, Types of Crystalline solid, AMORPHOUS SOLID, Difference between crystalline solid and amorphous solid, Why does the amorphous form of drug have better bioavaibility that crystalline couterpaerts?, Polymorphism,
TYPES OF POLYMORPHISM, PROPERTY OF POLYMORPHS, Methods of preparation of Polymorphs, Methods to determine Polymorphism Characterization of Polymorphs, Pharmaceutical Application
IT INCLUDES HOW A SURFACTANT MOLECULE BEING DISTRIBUTED AT A LIQUID SURFACE/INTERFACE
ALSO EXPLAINS THE STRUCTURE OF A SURFACTANT MOLECULE AND HOW IT WILL B ORIENTED IN BOTH POLAR AND NON POLAR LIQUIDS
EXPLAIN CRITICAL MICELLAR CONCENTRATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE
MICELLE FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF MICELLE
SURFACE TENSION, INTERFACIAL TENSION, SURFACE FREE ENERGY, Measurement of surface and interfacial tension-capillary rise method, drop number method, drop weight method, Du Nuoy tensiometer method, Spreading of liquids, spreading coefficient, surface active agents, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, soluble monolayers, Adsorption on solid surface, Isotherms
Surface Tension is defined as the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area.
It is due to the phenomena of surface tension that the drops of water tend to assume a spherical shape to attain minimum surface area. the presentation gives a brief description of the methods to measue this important property of the interface of two fluid.
This presentation covers concepts such as surface tension, surface energy, liquid drops and bubbles, wetting, capillarity at the elementary school level. Comment down in a box for improvement.
Solubility of drugs: Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent interactions, ideal solubility parameters, solvation & association, quantitative approach to the factors
influencing solubility of drugs, diffusion principles in biological systems. Solubility
of gas in liquids, solubility of liquids in liquids, (Binary solutions, ideal solutions)
Raoult’s law, real solutions. Partially miscible liquids, Critical solution temperature . Distribution law, its limitations and applications
State of matter and properties of matter (Part-7)(Solid-crystalline, Amorpho...Ms. Pooja Bhandare
CRYSTALLINE SOLID, Types of Crystalline solid, AMORPHOUS SOLID, Difference between crystalline solid and amorphous solid, Why does the amorphous form of drug have better bioavaibility that crystalline couterpaerts?, Polymorphism,
TYPES OF POLYMORPHISM, PROPERTY OF POLYMORPHS, Methods of preparation of Polymorphs, Methods to determine Polymorphism Characterization of Polymorphs, Pharmaceutical Application
This is part of IMK 209 - Physical Properties of Food, a second year level course in Food Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Lecturer: Prof. Abd Karim Alias.
3 Surface Tension and Its MeasurementSina Ebnesajjad3.1 In.docxlorainedeserre
3 Surface Tension and Its Measurement
Sina Ebnesajjad
3.1 Introduction
Surface science is an important branch of
physical organic chemistry that studies the
behavior and characteristics of molecules at or
near a surface or interface. The interface can form
between solids, liquids, gases, and combinations of
these states. Complex apparatus has been devel-
oped to identify and quantify surfaces and inter-
faces. Polymer surfaces are of special interest in
industrial and biological applications; examples of
the latter include dental implants and body part
prosthetic devices. Modification of surfaces of
these devices allows formation of controlled
interfaces to achieve characteristics such as
bondability and compatibility.
Adhesion is an interfacial phenomenon that
occurs at the interfaces of adherends and adhe-
sives. This is the fact underlying the macroscopic
process of joining parts using adhesives. An
understanding of the forces that develop the
interfaces is helpful to the selection of the right
adhesive, proper surface treatment of adherends,
and effective and economical processes to form
bonds. This chapter is devoted to the discussion of
the thermodynamic principles and work of adhe-
sion that quantitatively characterize surfaces of
materials.
Figure 3.1 Liquideliquid interface and balance of
forces on molecules of liquids.
3.2 What is an Interface?
Two solid or liquid phases in contact have atoms/
molecules on both sides of an imaginary plane called
the interface. The interfacial particles differ ener-
getically from those in the bulk of each phase due to
being on the boundary of the respective phase and
interacting with the particles of the other phase. The
composition and energy vary continuously from one
phase to the other through the interface. This region
has a finite thickness, usually less than 0.1 mm.1,2
Handbook of Adhesives and Surface Preparation, ed. Sina Ebnesajjad. DOI:
� 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
This chapter has been adapted from ‘Surface Tension and Its Measurement’ in
S. Ebnesajjad & C.F. Ebnesajjad � 2006 Elsevier Inc.
3.3 Surface Tension
The molecules of a liquid are held together by
attraction forces. The sum of all attractive forces on
any molecule present in the bulk of a liquid averages
zero. The net force (also known as cohesion force) on
a surface molecule is a nonzero quantity in the
direction toward the bulk (Fig. 3.1). This is the force
that must be counteracted to increase the surface
area; the energy consumed by this process is called
surface energy. The unbalanced forces on the inter-
face cause it to contract to the minimum. Water
droplets are spherical because a sphere has minimum
surface area for a given volume among all geometric
shapes. Although surface tension and surface free
energy of a liquid are equal, the same is not true for
a solid surface.
Surface tension is defined as the work required to
increase the area of a surface isothermally and
reversibly by unit amount. Surface ...
This pdf includes about the submerged bodies and the forces acting on the submerged bodies. Different terminologies are discussed. Definitions of different bodies in the fluid are discussed as well.
It is small pdf with great knowledge, hope it will be helpful to the students.
A contact angle goniometer measures the contact angle of a liquid on a solid surface and can
obtain surface energy of a solid. This instrument is used in all the major industries; especially
where research is done in coming up with newer materials. Low values of contact angle indicate
greater wettability and higher values mean that the solid doesn’t attract the liquid as much. This
instrument already exists but with my design it costs over ten times less, which will make it more
accessible to school labs and small-scale industries.
Analysis of Ground Effect on a Symmetrical AirfoilIJERA Editor
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For a long time we treat our classroom as our "secret garden". Nobody really knows what's going on in the classroom. Everything that happens in the classroom is between the teacher and the students within the confine of the physical boundary of the classroom. Now educators have the opportunity and platform to reach out global learners via MOOCs — Massive Open Online Courses.
In the last few years, Apple's iPad has emerged as a powerful tool for engaging students in the classroom and for educators to produce teaching and learning resources. As the iPad continues to evolve along with other mobile media devices, the way educators teach and the way students learn will significantly change for good! However, while the iPad is brilliantly designed and easy to use, most people, including educators, are only harnessing a small fraction of the productive potential of the device. With all of the amazing apps available and the ever-faster network connectivity, educators can do much more with an iPad than they can with a laptop.
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Knowledge engineering: from people to machines and back
Surface and interfacial tension
1. 1
Surface & Interfacial Tension
Photo
courtesy
of
Mike,
Flickr
Photo
courtesy
of
Joy
Ito,
Flickr
Prepared & Presented by:
Professor Abd Karim Alias
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Surface & Interfacial Tension by Prof. Abd Karim Alias is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported
License.
2. 2
} Surface tension is the property of a liquid in
contact with air that makes it behave as if it
was covered with a thin membrane under
tension.
Surface & Interfacial Tension
Abd Karim Alias, 2013
3. 3
} The molecule inside the liquid interact
equally with other molecule, from all sides,
whereas the molecule at the surface is
affected only by the molecule below it ⇒
the molecules exposed to air behave
differently & try to contract to the smallest
possible area (hence spherical shape).
Surface & Interfacial Tension
Abd Karim Alias, 2013
4. 4
} Surface tension (N/m) is defined as the
force acting over the surface of the liquid
per unit length of the surface
perpendicular to the force.
Surface & Interfacial Tension
Abd Karim Alias, 2013
6. 6
} Surface tension (γs) can also be defined as
the amount of energy (∆E) required to
increase the surface area between a liquid
and a gas (e.g. air and water) by an amount
∆A:
∆E = γs∆A
} Interfacial tension (γi) is defined as the
amount of energy required to increase the
interfacial area between two immiscible
liquids (e.g. oil & water).
Surface & Interfacial Tension
Abd Karim Alias, 2013
7. 7
} One very important quality of the
colloids is the large interfacial area
between the dispersed & the
continuous phase
Importance of Large Interfacial Area
Abd Karim Alias, 2013
8. 8
We have 20 cm3 of oil in 1
cm radius droplets. Each
has a volume of (4/3.π.r3)
5.5 cm3 and a surface area
of (4.π.r2) 12.5 cm2.
⇒ We can have about 3.6
droplets ∴ we would have
a total area of 45.5 cm2
The same oil is split into 0.1
cm radius droplets, each has
a volume of 0.004 cm3 and a
surface area 0.125 cm2.
⇒ We can have about 5000
droplets ∴ we would have a
total area of 625 cm2!
Importance of Large Interfacial Area
Abd Karim Alias, 2013
