Supercomputers are designed to handle extremely large jobs through innovative designs and parallel processing. Early supercomputers from CDC in the 1960s pioneered these approaches. The CDC 6600 from 1964 is considered the first supercomputer. Seymour Cray further advanced the technology with machines like the CDC 7600 and Cray-1. Modern supercomputers use tens of thousands of processors and advanced networking, with the fastest reaching over a petaflop in performance. They are used for complex tasks in fields like science, engineering, and weather modeling.

1. Efforts by: Brendon
VI NBy: Brendan
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2. Supercomputer is a broad term for one of
the fastest computer currently available.
Super computers were designed and built
to work on extremely large jobs that could
not be handled by no other types of
computing systems.
WHAT IS A SUPERCOMPUTER?

3. The history of supercomputing goes back to the
1960s when a series of computers at Control Data
Corporation (CDC) were designed by
Seymour Cray to use innovative designs and
parallelism to achieve superior computational peak
performance.
The CDC 6600, released in 1964, is generally
considered the first supercomputer
HISTORY OF SUPERCOMPUTERS

4. CDC 6600

5. Cray then developed the CDC 7600 in
1970.
Cray-1 supercomputers project started in
1972 and finished in 1974 and was twice
as fast as the 7600 with a vector speed of
80 MFLOPS.
HISTORY OF SUPERCOMPUTERS
(CONT’D)

6. In 1990 Cray successful build Cray-4 the fastest
supercomputer in the world at around 10 gigaflops
HISTORY OF SUPERCOMPUTERS
(CONT’D)

7. Supercomputers speed are measured in
floating point operations per second
(FLOPS) in units of :
megaflops (MFLOPS)
gigaflops (GFLOPS)
teraflops (TFLOPS)
MEASUREMENT
OF SPEED :

8. scientific simulations
Molecular Dynamics Simulation
analysis of geological data
nuclear energy research
Computational fluid dynamics
Weather forecasting and meteorology
Aerodynamic research
Probabilistic analysis
USES OF SUPERCOMPUTERS :

9. While the supercomputers of the 1970s used only
a few processors, in the 1990s, machines with
thousands of processors began to appear and by
the end of the 20th century, massively parallel
supercomputers with thousands of "off-the-
shelf" processors were the norm.
Supercomputers of the 21st century can use
over 100,000 processors.
HARDWARE

10. modern massively parallel supercomputers
typically separate computations from other
services by using multiple types of nodes, they
usually run different operating systems on
different nodes, e.g. using a small and efficient
lightweight kernel on compute nodes, but a larger
system such as a Linux-derivative on server and
I/O nodes.
OPERATING SYSTEM :

11. Approaches to supercomputer architecture have taken dramatic turns since the
earliest systems were introduced in the 1960s. Early supercomputer architectures
pioneered by Seymour Cray relied on compact innovative designs and local
parallelism to achieve superior computational peak performance.
However, in time the demand for increased computational power ushered in the
age of massively parallel systems
ARCHITECTURE

12. Systems with a massive number of
processors use one of two paths:
In first approach, e.g. in grid computing the
processing power of a large number of computers in
distributed, diverse administrative domains, is used
whenever a computer is available.

13. In another approach, a large number of processors are
used in close proximity to each other, e.g. in a
computer cluster.
In such a centralized massively parallel system the
speed and flexibility of the interconnect becomes very
important and modern supercomputers have used
various approaches ranging from enhanced Infiniband
systems to three-dimensional torus interconnects.

14. Cluster computers are two or more
computers working parallel to achieve
greater performances. Cluster computers
breakup work among the computers in the
cluster.
WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY
CLUSTER COMPUTERS

15. Each computer in the cluster is a cpu itself
with its own processor, memory, and disk.
The computers communicate with each
other via an interconnecting bus.
CLUSTER COMPUTERS (CONT’D)

16. A multi-processor computer has 2 or
more
cpus. Each processor is capable of
running
different program simultaneously (true
multitasking).
WHAT ARE MULTI-PROCESSOR
COMPUTERS

17. The cpus all shared the other parts of the computers:
memory, disk system, bus, etc.
Cpu communicate via memory and the system bus.
Cheaper than cluster computers but does not perform as
well.
MULTI-PROCESSOR (CONT’D)

18. RANK NO.1:-JAGUAR SUPERCOMPUTER
RANK NO.2:-ROADRUNNER
RANK NO.3:-TENNESSEE’s KRAKEN
TOP 3 SUPER COMPUTERS

19. Oak Ridge ‘Jaguar’
WORLD’S FASTEST SUPERCOMPUTER:

20. SITE:-Oak Ridge National Laboratory(ORNL’s)
SYSTEM MODEL:-Cray XT5-HE
COMPUTER:-Cray XT5-HE Operation Six Core 2.6GHz
VENDOR:-Cray Inc.
INSTALLATION YEAR:-2009
OPERATING SYSTEM:-Linux
PROCESSOR:-AMD x86-64 Operation Six Core 2600MHz(10.4 Gflops)
ABOUT JAGUAR :

21. Cray XT computer system
2.595 petaflops peak theoretical performance
255,584 processing cores
System memory: 362 terabytes
Unmatched input/output bandwidth to read and
write files: 284 gigabytes per second
FEATURES OF JAGUAR
SUPERCOMPUTER

22. High speed(1.759Petaflop)
Greater performance.
High data transfer rate(284gb/s)
High system memory(362tb)
ADVANTAGES OF JAGUAR
SUPERCOMPUTER

23. Required large area.
Very costly($19.5 million).
Required more electricity.
Large no . of chips(37,376chips).
DISADVANTAGES OF JAGUAR
SUPERCOMPUTER

24. HP Cluster Platform 3000 BL460c :
Dual Intel Xeon 2.6 GHz eight core
Performance : 303.9 TFLOPS
HP and Wipro Heterogeneous Cluster
Dual Intel Xeon E5530 quad core and Xeon E5645
hexa core CPUs, and dual Intel 448-core
Performance : 188.7 TFLOPS
SUPERCOMPUTERS IN INDIA
SOME TOP RANKED SUPERCOMPUTERS
ARE:

25. IBM cluster :
IBM P6 4.7 GHz sixteen dual-core
processor
Performance : 45.84 TFLOPS
PARAM cluster :PARAM cluster :
Intel Xeon (Tigerton) 2.93 GHz
quad core processor
Performance : 38.1 TFLOPS