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This is a presentation on super computers which gives you a better overview on the information of super computers.And i hope that this ppt has been useful for you.
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2. Overview
Definition
History of Supercomputer Uses
of Supercomputer
Supercomputer challenges
Operating system of
Supercomputer Processing
speed
Top 10 Supercomputer
Supercomputer in India
3. Defintion
• A supercomputer is the fastest type of
computer. Supercomputers are very
expensive and are employed for
specialized applications that require large
amounts of mathematical calculations.
4. History
• 1946: John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert
construct ENIAC (Electronic Numerical
Integrator And Computer) at the University of
Pennsylvania.
• 1956: IBM develops the Stretch supercomputer
for Los Alamos National Laboratory. It remains
the world's fastest computer until 1964.
• 1957: Seymour Cray co-founds Control Data
Corporation (CDC) and pioneers fast.
• 1976: First Cray-1 supercomputer is installed at
Los Alamos National Laboratory. It manages a
speed of about 160 MFLOPS
5. • 1989: Seymour Cray starts a new company, Cray
Computer, where he develops the Cray-3 and
Cray-4.
• 1993: Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel becomes the
world's fastest computer using 166 vector
processors.
• 1997: ASCI Red, a supercomputer made from
Pentium processors by Intel and Sandia National
Laboratories, becomes the world's first teraflop
(TFLOP) supercomputer.
• 2008: The Jaguar supercomputer built by Cray
Research and Oak Ridge National Laboratory
becomes the world's first petaflop (PFLOP)
scientific supercomputer. Briefly the world's fastest
computer, it is soon superseded by machines from
Japan and China.
6. ,
• Predicting climate change:
The challenge of predicting global climate
is immense. There are hundreds of variables, from the reflectivity of the
earth's surface(high for icy spots, low for dark forests) to the vagaries of
ocean currents.
Dealing with these variables requires supercomputing capabilities.
One model, created in 2008 at Brookhaven National Laboratory in New York,
mapped the aerosol particles and turbulence of clouds to a resolution of
30 square feet.
• Testing nuclear weapons
The Stockpile Stewardship program uses non-nuclear lab tests and, yes,
computer simulations to ensure that the country's cache of nuclear
weapons are functional
and safe. In 2012, IBM plans to unveil a new supercomputer Sequoia, at
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California.
According to IBM, Sequoia will be a 20 petaflop machine, meaning it will be
capable of performing twenty thousand trillion calculations each second.
7. • Recreating the Big Bang
The Big Bang Researchers at the Texas Advanced
Computing Center (TACC) at the University of Texas in
Austin have also used supercomputers to
simulate the formation of the first galaxy, while scientists
at NASA’s Ames Research Center in Mountain View,
Calif., have simulated the creation of stars from cosmic
dust and gas.
• The "Big Bang," or the initial expansion of all energy
and matter in the universe, happened more than 13
billion years ago in trillion-degree Celsius temperatures,
but supercomputer simulations make it possible to
observe what went on during the universe's birth.
8. Forecastinghurricanes
This supercomputer, with its cowboy moniker and 579 trillion
calculations per second processing power, resides at the
TACC in Austin, Texas. Using data directly from National
Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency airplanes, Ranger
calculated likely paths for the storm. According to a TACC
report, Ranger improved the five-day hurricane forecast by
15 percent.
9. Supercomputerchallenges
• A supercomputer generates large amounts of heat and
therefore must be cooled with complex cooling systems.
• Another issue is the speed at which information can be
transferred or written to a storage device, as the speed
of data transfer will limit the supercomputer's
performance.
• Supercomputers consume and produce massive
amounts of data in a very short period of time. Much
work on external storage bandwidth is needed to
ensure that this information can be transferred quickly
and stored/retrieved correctly.
10. Operatingsystemof Supercomputer
• Most supercomputers run on a Linux or Unix operating
system, as these operating systems are extremely
flexible, stable, and efficient. Supercomputers typically
have multiple processors and a variety of other
technological tricks to ensure that they run smoothly.
11. ProcessingSpeeds
• Supercomputer computational power is rated in
FLOPS
(Floating Point Operations Per Second).
• The first commercially available supercomputers
reached speeds of 10 to 100 million FLOPS. The next
generation of supercomputers is predicted to break
the petaflop level.
• This would represent computing power more than
1,000 times faster than a teraflop machine.
• A relatively old supercomputer such as the Cray
C90(1990s) has a processing speed of only 8
gigaflops. It can solve a problem, which takes a
personal computer a few hours, in
.002 seconds.
12. Top10Supercomputers
• Manufacture: NRCPC
• Cores: 10,649,600 cores
• Power: 15 megawatts
• Interconnect: Custom
• Operating System : Kylie Linux
• Sunway Taihulight –Specification:
There are a total of 10,649,600 Intel cores and 125.44 petaflops of
peak performance of RAM, making Sunway by far the largest
installation of Intel CPUs in the world . Total no of computer nodes is
40,960.
It has no accelerator chips, relying instead on 40,960 Sunway 26010
processors . Each has 260 cores.
1. SunwayTaihulight [CHINA]
13. 2. Tainhe-2 [CHINA]
• Manufacture: NUDT
• Cores: 3,120,000
cores
• Power: 17.6
megawatts
Interconnect: Custom
Operating System :
Kylie Linux
• Tainhe-2 –Specification:
There are a total of 3,120,000 Intel cores and 54.90 petaflops of peak
performance of RAM, making Tianhe-2 by far one of the largest
installation of Intel CPUs in the world.Each compute node has a total
of 88GB of RAM.
Total having 125 cabinets housing 16,000 compute nodes each of
which contains two Intel Xeon (Ivy Bridge) CPUs
14. 3. Piz Daint [SWITZERLAND]
• Manufacturer : Cray
• Cores:361,760 CPU cores
• Interconnect: Gemini
• Operating System: Cray Linux Environment
Piz Daint Specification: Its 361,760 cores deliver the
maximum sustained performance.
• Performance is 19.59 petaflops.
• Having total 361,760 cores.
• Peak performance of 25.33 petaflops.
15. 4. Gyoukou [JAPAN]
• Manufacturer : ExaScaler
• Cores:19,840,000 cores
• Interconnect: Gemini
• Operating System: Cray Linux Environment
Gyoukuo Specification: Its 19,840,000 cores
deliver the maximum sustained performance.
• Performance is 19.14 petaflops.
• Peak performance of 28.19 petaflops.
16. 5. Titan [USA]
• Manufacturer : Oakridge
• Cores:560,640 cores
• Interconnect: Gemini
• Operating System: Cray Linux Environment
Titan Specification: Its 560,640 cores deliver
the maximum sustained performance.
• Performance is 17.59 petaflops.
• Peak performance of 27.11 petaflops.
17. 6. SequoiaLawrence Livermore National
Laboratory United-
States, 2013
• Manufacture: IBM
• Cores:1,572,864processorcores
• Power:7.9MW
• OperatingSystem:RedHatEnterprise
Linux
• Sequoia Specification:
96 racks containing 98,304 compute nodes. The
compute nodes are 16-corePowerPC A2 processor
chips with16 GB of DDR3 memory each.
18. 7. Trinity [USA]
• Manufacturer : Los Alamos National Laboratory
• Cores:979,968 cores
• Interconnect: Gemini
• Operating System: Cray Linux Environment
Titan Specification: Its 979,968 cores deliver the
maximum sustained performance.
• Performance is 14.14 petaflops.
• Peak performance of 43.90 petaflops.
19. 8. Cori [USA]
• Manufacturer : Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Cores:622,336 cores
• Interconnect: Gemini
• Operating System: Cray Linux Environment
Titan Specification: Its 622,336 cores deliver
the maximum sustained performance.
• Performance is 14.01 petaflops.
• Peak performance of 27.88 petaflops.
20. 9. Oakforest-PACS [JAPAN]
• Manufacturer : JCAHPC
• Cores:556,104 cores
• Interconnect: Gemini
• Operating System: Cray Linux Environment
Titan Specification: Its 556,104 cores deliver
the maximum sustained performance.
• Performance is 13.55 petaflops.
• Peak performance of 24.91 petaflops.
21. 10. Kcomputer RIKENJapan,
2011
• Manufacture: Fujitsu
• Cores:640,000 cores
• Power:12.6 Mw
• Interconnect: six-dimensional torus interconnect
• Operating System: Linux Kernel
K Computer Specification:
• The K computer comprises over 80,000 2.0 GHz 8-core SPARC64
VIIIfx processors contained in 864 cabinets, for a total of over
640,000 cores.
• Each cabinet contains 96 computing nodes, in addition to 6 I/O
nodes.
• The computer's water cooling system is designed to minimize failure
rate and power consumption.
• K had set a record with a performance of 8.162petaflops, making it
the fastest supercomputer
• K computer has the most complex water cooling system in the world.
22. Supercomputerin India
Aaditya: Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology,
Pune, has a machine with a theoretical peak of
790.7 teraflop/s, called Aaditya, which is used
for climate research and operational forecasting.
• It ranked 36th among the world's top 500
supercomputers June 2013 list.
23. PARAMYuvaII
• This supercomputer was made by Centre for Development of
Advanced Computing in a period of three months, at a cost of ₹160
million (US$2 million).
• It performs at a peak of 524 teraflop/s, about 10 times faster than
the present facility.
• Param Yuva II will be used for research in space, bioinformatics,
weather forecasting, seismic data analysis, aeronautical
engineering, scientific data processing and pharmaceutical
development.
