Supercomputers are the fastest computers designed to process large volumes of data rapidly, significantly outperforming general-purpose computers in computing power. They are characterized by high RAM and storage capacities, the ability to perform extensive calculations simultaneously for multiple users, and are essential in fields like climate modeling, nuclear weapon development, and big data analysis. The history of supercomputers includes significant milestones, such as the CDC 6600 being the world's first supercomputer and the development of various models across countries, with notable examples like Summit and Sunway TaihuLight.

1. SUPER COMPUTERS

2. COMPUTER
• A Computer is a machine or device that performs processes,
calculations and operations based on instructions provided by a
software or hardware program.
• It is designed to execute applications and provides a variety of
solutions by combining integrated hardware and software
components.

3. SUPER COMPUTERS
• Supercomputer is the fastest in the world that can process significant
amount of data very quickly.
• The computing performance of super computers is measured very
high as compared to a general purpose computer.

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPER COMPUTER
• Supercomputers have a high capacity of RAM and storage.
• Capable of handling the massive amount of calculations that are
beyond the human capabilities, i.e., the human is unable to solve
such extensive calculations.
• Many individuals can access supercomputers at the sametime.
• These are the most expensive computers that can ever be made.

5. COMPUTERS
• Its components are: multiple
input/output devices, magnetic
disk, tape storage and many
banks of internal storage.
• It can do millions of instructions
per second.
• It is used for bulk data
processing like consumer
statistics, financial transaction
processing, etc.
• Only one person can use the
computer at a time.
SUPER COMPUTER
• A supercomputer usually
includes more than one CPU.
• It can do floating point
operations per second(FLOPS).
• It is used for nuclear weapon
development, host processes
weather forecasting, for a local
computer.
• They can support more than one
users at a time.

6. HISTORY OF SUPER COMPUTERS
• The founder of super computer is SEYMOUR ROGER CRAY, an
American Electrical Engineer.
• He is known as “Father of Supercomputing”.
• World’s first Super computer is “CDC 6600” (1964).
• India’s first Super computer is “PARAM 8000” (1991).

7. ARCHITECTURE OF SUPER COMPUTER
• Most of supercomputers are clusters of MIMD multiprocessors.
• A SIMD processor executes the same instruction on more than one
set of data at the same time.
• MIMD is achieved parallelism, by using a number of processors that
function asynchronously and independently.

9. MEASUREMENT OF SPEED
• Super computers speed are measured in floating point operations
per second(FLOPS) in units of:
❖Megaflops(MFLOPS)
❖Gigaflops(GFLOPS)
❖Teraflops(TFLOPS)

10. OS USED IN SUPER COMPUTER
• Most of the supercomputers run on a Linux or Unix operating
systems.Since,
❑they are extremely flexible, stable and efficient.
❑Thousands of small programs can be joined together to make
large jobs manageable.

11. SUPERCOMPUTERS IN THE WORLD
SUMMIT
Owned by OAK Ridge National Laboratory.
Speed – 200petaFLOPS.
Storage – 250PB.

12. SUNWAY TAIHULIGHT
Owned by National Supercomputing Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu,China.
Storage - 20 PB.
Speed – 125petaFLOPS.

13. SIERRA
Located in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory – USA.
71.6 PFLOP.
Ranked 3rd in the World.

14. TRINITY
Located in Los Almos – USA.
14.14 PFLOPS.
Ranked 7th in the world.

15. SUPER COMPUTERS IN INDIA
PRATYUSH
Owned by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology.
Processor - Intel Xeon Broadwell E5-2695 v4.
World Ranking – 45th.

16. MIHIR
Owned by National Centre for Medium Range Weather
Forecasting.
Processor - Intel Xeon Broadwell E5-2695 v4.
World Ranking - 73rd.

17. SAHASRA T
Owned by Indian Institute Of Science.
Processor – Intel Xeon E5-2680 v3.
World Ranking – 488th.

18. PARAM YUVA 2
Located at Center for Development of Advanced
Computing (C-DAC) in Pune.
The System is rated at 388.44 TFLOPS.

19. ADVANTAGES OF SUPER COMPUTER
• Low processing time
• Solves bigger problems
• Saves money
• Run more problem in shorter time
• Reduces human works

20. LIMITATIONS OF SUPER COMPUTER
• High electricity consumption
• Takes up lot of space
• Produce more heat
• Requires Trained Staff
• Expensive

21. APPLICATIONS OF SUPER
COMPUTER
• Predicting Climate change
• Testing Nuclear weapons and Reactors
• Aerospace
• Big Data Analysis
• In Medical field

22. Reference
• https://www.top500.org/lists/2019/06/
• https://www.networkworld.com/article/3236875/embargo-10-of-
the-worlds-fastest-supercomputers.html
• https://www.isro.gov.in/update/02-may-2011/isro-builds-indias-
fastest-supercomputer
• https://www.lanl.gov/discover/news-release-
archive/2017/November/1116-trinity-supercomputer.php

23. THANK YOU!