Summary of lmtd and e ntu
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Summary of lmtd and e ntu. The Log Mean Temperature Difference Method (LMTD) The Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference(LMTD) is valid only for heat exchanger with one shell pass and one tube pass. For multiple number of shell and tube passes the flow pattern in a heat exchanger is neither purely co-current nor purely counter-current. The temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids varies along the heat exchanger. It is convenient to have a mean temperature difference Tm for use in the relation. s mQ UA T 3. The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process depends on the direction of fluid flows involved in the process. The primary and secondary fluid in an heat exchanger process may flow in the same direction - parallel flow or cocurrent flow in the opposite direction - countercurrent flow or perpendicular to each other - cross flow
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3. A typical double pipe heat exchanger basically consists of a tube or pipe fixed concentrically inside a larger pipe or tube They are used when flow rates of the fluids and the heat duty are small (less than 5 kW) These are simple to construct, but may require a lot of physical space to achieve the desired heat transfer area.
4. Double-pipe exchangers is the generic term covering a range of jacketed 'U' tube exchangers normally operating in countercurrent flow of two types which is true double pipes and multitubular hairpins. One fluid flows through the smaller pipe while the other fluid flows through the annular space between the two pipes. Two types of flow arrangement: Parallel flow Counter flow
5. • The fluids may be separated by a plane wall but more commonly by a concentric tube (double pipe) arrangement shown in fig. If both the fluids move in the same direction, the arrangement is called a parallel flow type. In the counter flow arrangement the fluids move in parallel but opposite directions. In a double pipe heat exchanger, either the hot or cold fluid occupies the annular space and the other fluid moves through the inner pipe. The method of solving the problem using logarithmic mean temperature difference is typical and more iteration must be done. So it takes more time for the problem to solve. Therefore another method is practiced for solving this type of problems. This method is known as Effectiveness and Number of Transfer Units or simply ε-NTU method.“Effectiveness of heat exchangers is defined as actual heat transfer rate by maximum possible heat transfer rate”.The LMTD method may be applied to design problems for which the fluid flow rates and inlet temperatures, as well as a desired outlet temperature, are prescribed.
6. Application of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Pasteurization or sterilization of food and bioproducts Condensers and evaporators of air conditioners Radiators for internal combustion engines Charge air coolers and intercoolers for cooling supercharged engine intake air of diesel engines.
heat exchanger design formula Sheet
This document provides formulas and information related to heat transfer and heat exchangers. It includes formulas for:
1. Heat transfer through plane walls, tubular pipes, and surfaces with fouling or scaling.
2. Temperature effectiveness and heat transfer for counterflow, parallel flow, and multipass heat exchanger arrangements.
3. Overall heat transfer coefficients and effectiveness that account for efficiency.
4. Common heat exchanger configurations like double pipe and multipass exchangers.
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This document summarizes a project completed by Arnov Sett from February 13, 2014 to May 20, 2014 at Colleagues Consultants Pvt. Ltd. in Gurgaon, India. During the project, Arnov exercised project management skills, applied concepts in fluid mechanics, heat transfer, strength of materials, and computational fluid dynamics. Software skills in CATIA, ANSYS, and Microsoft Project 2013 were also employed. The results of the research work were used to generate design configurations for a rotary kiln and positions for cooling fans installed at a cement plant in Nepal in July 2013. Using a project management tool, the total cost of the research work was calculated to be Rs. 202,500.
How to Use Sim CFD (to your advantage): A Primer for Computational Fluid Dyna...
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This design project aims to propose a plate type heat exchanger that can meet given heat duty and find the number of plates required. Plate type heat exchanger uses metal plates to transfer heat between two fluids. Starting point of this design is to define given properties
Selection of Heat Exchanger Types
Selection of Heat Exchanger Types
0 INTRODUCTION/PURPOSE
1 SCOPE
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION
3 DEFINITIONS
4 BACKGROUND
5 FACTORS INFLUENCING SELECTION
5.1 Type of Duty
5.2 Temperatures and Pressures
5.3 Materials of Construction 5.4 Fouling
5.5 Safety and Reliability
5.6 Repairs
5.7 Design Methods
5.8 Dimensions and Weight
5.9 Cost
5.10 GBHE Experience
6 TYPES OF EXCHANGER
6.1 Shell and Tube Exchangers
6.2 Cylindrical Graphite Block Heat Exchangers
6.3 Cubic Graphite Block Heat Exchangers
6.4 Air Cooled Heat Exchangers
6.5 Gasketed Plate and Frame
6.6 Spiral Plate
6.7 Tube in Duct
6.8 Plate-fin
6.9 Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE)
6.10 Scraped Surface/Wiped Film Exchangers
6.11 Welded or Brazed Plate
6.12 Double Pipe
6.13 Electric Heaters
6.14 Fired Process Heaters
TABLE
(1) ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENT SHELL AND TUBE DESIGNS
FIGURES
1 ESTIMATED MAIN PLANT ITEM COSTS
2 ESTIMATED INSTALLED COSTS
3 TEMA HEAT EXCHANGER NOMENCLATURE
4 F ‘CORRECTION FACTORS' : TEMA E SHELL WITH EVEN NUMBER OF PASSE
5 SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER HEAD TYPES
6 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF A CYLINDRICAL GRAPHITE BLOCK HEAT EXCHANGER
7 EXPLODED VIEW OF A CUBIC GRAPHITE BLOCK
HEAT EXCHANGER
8 TYPICAL AIR COOLED HEAT EXCHANGER
9 GENERAL VIEW OF ONE END OF A 3-STREAM
PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGER
10 TYPICAL PCHE PLATE
11 VICARB ‘COMPABLOC' EXCHANGER
12 ‘BROWN FINTUBE' MULTITUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
13 FIRED HEATER : SCHEMATICS AND NOMENCLATURE
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Summary of lmtd and e ntu
- 1. NURUL AFIFAH BINTI MOHD YUSOFF 2013275464 EH110 4A FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
- 2. The Log Mean Temperature Difference Method (LMTD) The Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference(LMTD) is valid only for heat exchanger with one shell pass and one tube pass. For multiple number of shell and tube passes the flow pattern in a heat exchanger is neither purely co-current nor purely counter-current. The temperature difference between the hot and cold fluids varies along the heat exchanger. It is convenient to have a mean temperature difference Tm for use in the relation. s mQ UA T
- 3. The mean temperature difference in a heat transfer process depends on the direction of fluid flows involved in the process. The primary and secondary fluid in an heat exchanger process may flow in the same direction - parallel flow or cocurrent flow in the opposite direction - countercurrent flow or perpendicular to each other - cross flow
- 5. 1 2 12 ln T T TT TLn Co-current flow ∆ T1 ∆ T2 ∆ A A 1 2 T 1 T 2 T 4 T 5 T 6T 3 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 P ara ll e l Fl ow 731 TTTTT in c in h 1062 TTTTT out c out h
- 6. Counter-current flow T1 A 1 2 T2 T3 T6 T4 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 Wall T 1 T 2 T 4 T 5 T 3 T 7 T 8 T 9 T 10 T 6 Co un t e r - C u r re n t F l ow 731 TTTTT out c in h 1062 TTTTT in c out h
- 7. LMTD Counter-Flow HX icohch ocihch LMLM TTTTT TTTTT TT TT TTUAQ ,,2,2,2 ,,1,1,1 )12 12 :FlowCounterforWhere /ln( Tlm,CF > Tlm,PF FOR SAME U: ACF < APF
- 8. LMTD- Multi-Pass and Cross-Flow Apply a correction factor to obtain LMTD CFLMLMLM TFTTUAQ , t: Tube Side
- 10. In a multi-pass exchanger, in addition to frictional loss the head loss known as return loss has to be taken into account. The pressure drop owing to the return loss is given by- Where, n=the number of tube passes V=linear velocity of the tube fluid The total tube-side pressure drop is ∆PT = ∆Pt + ∆Pr
- 13. THE EFFECTIVENESS-NTU METHOD LMTD method is useful for determining the overall heat transfer coefficient U based on experimental values of the inlet and outlet temperatures and the fluid flow rates. A more convenient method for predicting the outlet temperatures is the effectiveness NTU method. This method can be derived from the LMTD method without introducing any additional assumptions. Therefore, the effectiveness-NTU and LMTD methods are equivalent. An advantage of the effectiveness-NTU method is its ability to predict the outlet temperatures without resorting to a numerical iterative solution of a system of nonlinear equations. The heat-exchanger effectiveness ε is defined as
- 14. • Heat exchanger effectiveness, : max q q 0 1 • Maximum possible heat rate: max min , ,h i c iq C T T min if or h h cC C C C Will the fluid characterized by Cmin or Cmax experience the largest possible temperature change in transit through the HX? Why is Cmin and not Cmax used in the definition of qmax?
- 15. • Number of Transfer Units, NTU min UANTU C A dimensionless parameter whose magnitude influences HX performance: withq NTU
- 16. Heat Exchanger Relations , , , , h i h oh h h i h o q m i i or q C T T • , , , , c c o c i c c o c i q m i i or q C T T min , ,h i c iq C T T • Performance Calculations: min max, /f NTU C C Cr Relations Table 11.3 or Figs. 11.14 - 11.19
- 17. • Design Calculations: min max, /NTU f C C Relations Table 11.4 or Figs. 11.14 - 11.19 • For all heat exchangers, with rC • For Cr = 0, to all HX types.a single relation appliesNTU 1 exp NTU or 1n 1NTU
- 19. References http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/arithmetic-logarithmic- mean-temperature-d_436.html http://www-old.me.gatech.edu/energy/laura/node5.html http://www.che.ufl.edu/unit-ops-lab/experiments/HE/HE- theory.pdf http://web.iitd.ac.in/~prabal/MEL242/(30-31)-Heat-exchanger- part-2.pdf