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Sturcture of tooth
This document describes the structure and diseases of teeth. It discusses the parts of a tooth including the crown, root, and tissues like enamel, dentin, and cementum. It describes the tissues surrounding teeth like the alveolar process, bone, and periodontal ligament. Common dental diseases are also summarized such as dental caries, pulpitis, gingivitis and periodontitis. The surfaces and structures of teeth are defined including the facial, lingual, incisal edges and occlusal surfaces. Other oral cavity structures like leukoplakia, fissured tongue, fibroma and hairy tongue are also briefly mentioned.
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Sturcture of tooth
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- 2. Parts of Tooth •Crown – top portion of the tooth covered by enamel. – Clinical crown - portion of the tooth that is visible in the mouth. – Anatomical crown – the total portion of the crown that is covered by the enamel. • Root – bottom part of the tooth; may be single-, double-, or triple-root. – Clinical root – portion of the root covered by the gingival (gum) tissue. – Anatomical root – total portion of the root covered by the cementum.
- 3. Parts of Tooth •Cervix – neck – the neck of the tooth at the cementoenamel junction. • Apex – the anatomic area at the end of the tooth root.
- 4. Tissues of theTooth • Enamel – the hard tissue that covers the crown portion of the tooth (hardest substance in the body). • Dentin – the material forming the main inner portion of the tooth structure. • Cementum – the substance covering the root surface of the tooth.
- 5. Tissues of theTooth • Pulp – the vital tissues of the tooth consisting of nerves, blood vessels, and connective tissue. – Pulp chamber – open area in center of tooth, found in the crown area; place for the pulpal tissues. – Pulp canal – small canal in the center of the root, containing the pulpal vessels.
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- 7. DISEASES OF Tissuesof the Tooth • Dental Caries: • refer to tooth decay, which occurs when specific types of bacteria produce acid that destroys the tooth’s enamel and its underlying layer, the dentin
- 8. DISEASES OF Tissuesof the Tooth • pulpitis is inflammation of the dental pulp resulting from untreated caries, trauma, or multiple restorations. Its principal symptom is pain. • Pulpitis is designated as • Reversible: Pulpitis begins as limited inflammation, and the tooth can be saved by a simple filling. • Irreversible: pulp damage is extensive and cannot be reversed. The only way dentists can stop the pain is by removing the pulp via root canal treatment
- 9. Tissues surrounding theTeeth • Alveolar process – the extension of the maxilla and mandible that surrounds and supports the teeth to form the dental arches. • Alveolar bone – the part of the alveolar process that lines the bony sockets into which the roots of the teeth are embedded.
- 10. Tissues surrounding theTeeth • Periodontal ligament – dense connective tissue organized into fiber groups that connects the cementum covering of the root of the tooth with the alveolar bone of the socket wall. • Gingiva – the mucous membrane tissue that immediately surrounds the tooth. • Free (marginal) gingiva • Interdental Gingiva (Papilla) • Attached gingiva
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- 12. Diseases of gum Periodontaldisease: Gingivitis :is a common and mild form of gum disease that causes irritation, redness and swelling (inflammation) of your gums. Gingivitis can lead to much more serious gum disease (periodontitis): s a serious gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone that supports your teeth.
- 13. Surfaces of theTeeth • Facial – pertaining to the surface of the cheek and lips (face). – Labial – pertaining to the lips: anterior surface of the anterior teeth. – Buccal – pertaining to the cheek: surface of the posterior teeth touching the cheek. • Lingual – surface of the tooth or area touching the tongue.
- 14. Surfaces of theTeeth • Incisal edge – cutting edge of the anterior teeth. • Occlusal – chewing surface of the posterior teeth. • Proximal – side wall of tooth which meet with or touches the side wall of another tooth. – Mesial – to the middle: side surface closest to the middle of the face. – Distal – pertaining to the far or away side: side farthest from the midline of the face.
- 16. Important Oral CavityStructures
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