The document provides information on dental anatomy. It begins by stating the objectives of identifying major dental structures. It then describes the types of teeth as primary or permanent, and classifications by characteristics. The major dental tissues are enamel, dentin, cementum, and dental pulp. Teeth have a crown, neck and root. Periodontal structures include the gingiva, alveolar bone, cementum and periodontal ligament. Teeth receive blood supply from the maxillary and mandibular arteries and are innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve.
We in Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre ,cover every speciality and subspeciality in dentistry so that all kind of your dental problems can be treated efficiently and effectively.
Contact us:
Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre
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Iyyapanthangal,
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Email:
chinthamanidental@gmail.com,
dr_mrgvl@gmail.com
Website:
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Tobacco negatively affects postoperative healing for almost all surgeries performed in the oral cavity. Tobacco, along with all its byproducts, is a peripheral vasoconstrictor, which means it constricts blood flow to the smaller blood vessels and raises blood pressure. It causes increased platelet adhesiveness, which, combined with constricted blood vessels, heightens the risk of these smaller blood vessels completely closing off.
Smoking can adversely affect the success of your implants and permanent damage to your tissues may be present even after quitting, but this doesn’t prevent you from being a candidate for this specialized procedure.
Dr rajat sachdeva has the skills to not only design a beautiful, personalized smile for you, but the experience to know when someone isn’t a good candidate and suggest an alternative treatment.
Dr Sachdeva’s Dental, Aesthetic And Implant Institute is one of the leading clinics in Delhi. So hurry up and come book an appointment with us at Ashok Vihar, Delhi which has state of the art clinic and all the latest and advanced equipments.
To book an appointment contact:
Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Director & Mentor
Dr Sachdeva’s Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
Our Websites:
www.sachdevadentalcare.com
www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
Facebook- dentalcoursesdelhi
Youtube- drrajatsachdeva
Linkedin- drrajatsachdeva
Slideshare- Dr Rajat Sachdeva
Twitter Page- drrajatsachdeva
Instagram page- surgicalmasterrajat
Cross infection control in dentistry (Few basic points)Sumaiya Hasan
Recently, dentistry has been one of the few reasons of the spread of some major diseases such as hepatitis etc. If proper cross infection control is maintained by taking few precautions then this transfer of diseases can be stopped. This presentation contains only some basic precautions which should be taken to prevent cross infection.
Shield celebrate the world oral health day with calibration of PDA at Altamash Institute Of Dental Medicine. In this occasion Dr Aakifa Javed, 3rd year BDS student, presented "Methods to control plaque formation in the oral cavity & proper brushing technique(bass technique).
We in Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre ,cover every speciality and subspeciality in dentistry so that all kind of your dental problems can be treated efficiently and effectively.
Contact us:
Chinthamani Laser Dental Clinic & Implant Centre
1/464,Mount Poonamallee High Road,
Iyyapanthangal,
Chennai-56
Phone no.044-43800059 , 92 83 786776
Email:
chinthamanidental@gmail.com,
dr_mrgvl@gmail.com
Website:
www.chinthamanilaserdentalclinic.com
Tobacco negatively affects postoperative healing for almost all surgeries performed in the oral cavity. Tobacco, along with all its byproducts, is a peripheral vasoconstrictor, which means it constricts blood flow to the smaller blood vessels and raises blood pressure. It causes increased platelet adhesiveness, which, combined with constricted blood vessels, heightens the risk of these smaller blood vessels completely closing off.
Smoking can adversely affect the success of your implants and permanent damage to your tissues may be present even after quitting, but this doesn’t prevent you from being a candidate for this specialized procedure.
Dr rajat sachdeva has the skills to not only design a beautiful, personalized smile for you, but the experience to know when someone isn’t a good candidate and suggest an alternative treatment.
Dr Sachdeva’s Dental, Aesthetic And Implant Institute is one of the leading clinics in Delhi. So hurry up and come book an appointment with us at Ashok Vihar, Delhi which has state of the art clinic and all the latest and advanced equipments.
To book an appointment contact:
Dr. Rajat Sachdeva
Director & Mentor
Dr Sachdeva’s Dental Aesthetic And Implant Institute
I 101, Ashok Vihar Phase 1, Delhi- 110052
Contact us at
Phone : +919818894041,01142464041
Our Websites:
www.sachdevadentalcare.com
www.dentalimplantindia.co.in
www.dentalclinicindelhi.com
www.dentalcoursesdelhi.com
Facebook- dentalcoursesdelhi
Youtube- drrajatsachdeva
Linkedin- drrajatsachdeva
Slideshare- Dr Rajat Sachdeva
Twitter Page- drrajatsachdeva
Instagram page- surgicalmasterrajat
Cross infection control in dentistry (Few basic points)Sumaiya Hasan
Recently, dentistry has been one of the few reasons of the spread of some major diseases such as hepatitis etc. If proper cross infection control is maintained by taking few precautions then this transfer of diseases can be stopped. This presentation contains only some basic precautions which should be taken to prevent cross infection.
Shield celebrate the world oral health day with calibration of PDA at Altamash Institute Of Dental Medicine. In this occasion Dr Aakifa Javed, 3rd year BDS student, presented "Methods to control plaque formation in the oral cavity & proper brushing technique(bass technique).
Description :
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Macroscopic features of Gingiva.
This presentation will help and let u know about the Development and Macroscopic features of gingiva in detail. Thank you.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
3. At the end of the presentation, learners are expected to:
◦ Identify the major structures of the dental anatomy
4. 1. Objective
2. Introduction
3. Types of dentitions
4. Dental tissues
5. Tooth sockets
6. Vasculature and innervation of the teeth
7. Summary points
8. References
5. The teeth are collectively called dentition.
Adults normally have 32 teeth(16 in mandible & 16 in maxilla).
On each side of the midline, there are 2 incisors, a canine, 2
premolars, & 3 molars in each jaw.
A tooth is made up of three elements:
◦ Water
◦ Organic materials
◦ Inorganic materials
6. A tooth has a crown, neck, and root .
a) The crown- projects from the gingivae.
b) The neck- is between the crown and the root.
c) The root- is fixed in the tooth socket by the periodontium.
7. I. Based on weather they are permanent or replaceable:
Primary (deciduous)
◦Consist of 20 teeth
◦Begin to form during the first trimester of pregnancy
◦Typically begin erupting around 6 months
◦Most children have a complete primary dentition by 3 years of age
8. Secondary (permanent)
◦Consist of 32 teeth in most cases
◦Begin to erupt at around 6 years of age
◦Most permanent teeth have erupted by age 12
◦Third molars (wisdom teeth) are the exception; often do not appear
until late teens or early 20s.
9. II. By their characteristics/functions:
Incisors function as cutting or shearing food
Canines possess the longest roots of all teeth and are
located at the corners of the dental arch.
Premolars act like the canines in the tearing of food and
are similar to molars in the grinding of food.
Molars are located nearest the temporo mandibular joint
(TMJ), which serves as the fulcrum during function.
10. Apical- Pertaining to the apex or root of the tooth.
The vestibular surface -(labial or buccal) of each tooth is
directed outwardly.
The lingual surface - is directed inwardly.
The mesial surface - directed toward the median plane of
the facial part of the cranium.
The distal surface -is directed away from this plane; both
mesial and distal surfaces are contact surfaces—that is,
surfaces that contact adjacent teeth.
The masticatory surface- is the occlusal surface.
12. Anatomic Crown
Anatomic Root
Pulp
Chamber
The anatomic crown is the portion of the tooth covered by enamel.
The anatomic root is the lower two thirds of a tooth.
◦ The roots are normally subgingival, buried in bone, and serve to anchor the tooth
in position.
The pulp chamber houses the dental pulp, an organ of myelinated and
unmyelinated nerves, arteries, veins, lymph channels, connective tissue
cells, and various other cells.
13. 1. Enamel
2. Dentin
3. Cementum
4. Dental Pulp
The 4 main dental tissues:
Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
Dental
Pulp
14.
15. Structure
Highly calcified and hardest tissue in the body
Crystalline in nature
Enamel rods
Insensitive— no nerves
Acid-soluble—will demineralize at a pH of ≤ 5.5
Cannot be renewed
Darkens with age as enamel is lost
Fluoride and saliva can help with remineralization
Dental tissues—Enamel1
16. Enamel can be lost by:3,4
Physical mechanism
- Abrasion (mechanical wear)
- Attrition (tooth-to-tooth contact)
- Abfraction (lesions)
Chemical dissolution
- Erosion by extrinsic acids (from diet)
- Erosion by intrinsic acids (from the oral
cavity/digestive tract)
Multifactorial etiology
- Combination of physical and chemical factors
Dental tissues—Enamel1
17. Softer than enamel
Susceptible to tooth wear (physical or chemical)
Does not have a nerve supply but can be sensitive?
Is produced throughout life
Will demineralize at a pH of ≤6.5
Dental tissues—Dentin2
18. I. Primary dentin –
- forms the initial shape of the tooth
- usually completed 3 years after tooth eruption (for permanent teeth).
II. Secondary dentin-
- is deposited after the formation of the primary dentin
- forms on all internal aspects of the pulp cavity, but in the pulp chamber of
multirooted teeth it tends to be thicker on the roof and floor than on the side
walls.
III. Tertiary dentin, or “reparative dentin”
- is formed by replacement odontoblasts in response to moderate-level
irritants such as attrition, abrasion, erosion, trauma, moderate dental
caries, and some operative procedures.
- usually appears as a localized dentin deposit on the wall of the pulp
cavity immediately subadjacent to the area of the tooth that has received
the injury.
19. Thin layer of mineralized tissue covering
the dentin
Softer than enamel and dentin
Anchors the tooth to the alveolar bone
along with the periodontal ligament
Not sensitive
Cementum
20. Innermost part of the tooth
A soft tissue rich with blood vessels and nerves
Responsible for nourishing the tooth
The pulp in the crown of the tooth is known as the coronal pulp
Pulp canals traverse the root of the tooth
Typically sensitive to extreme thermal stimulation (hot or cold)
Dental tissue—Dental Pulp5
22. The part of the oral mucosa
overlying the crowns of un-erupted teeth and
encircling the necks of erupted teeth,
serving as support structure for sub adjacent
tissues.
commonly divided into
◦ free (the unattached portion, forming the wall
of the gingival crevice) and
◦ attached (the part that is firm and resilient and
bound to the underlying cementum and the
alveolar bone, thus being immovable).
The gingiva1
Gingiva
23. Also called the “alveolar process”; the thickened ridge of bone.
Containing the tooth sockets in the mandible and maxilla.
Alveolar bone
The alveolar bone2
24. - Connects the cementum of the tooth root to the
alveolar bone of the socket.
The periodental Ligament3
Periodontal Ligament
25. Bonelike, rigid connective tissue covering the root of a tooth from the
cementoenamel junction to the apex and lining the apex of the root canal.
It also serves as an attachment structure for the periodontal ligament,
thus assisting in tooth support.
The cementum4
Cementum
26. They are in the alveolar processes of the maxillae and mandible.
The skeletal features that display the greatest change during a
lifetime.
Adjacent sockets are separated by interalveolar septa.
Within the socket, the roots of teeth with more than one root are
separated by interradicular septa.
27. Has a thin cortex separated from the adjacent labial and lingual
cortices by a variable amount of trabeculated bones.
The labial wall of the socket is particularly thin over the incisor
teeth; the reverse is true for the molars, where the lingual wall is
thinner.
Thus, the labial surface commonly is broken to extract incisors
and the lingual surface is broken to extract molars.
28. The superior and inferior alveolar arteries, branches of the
maxillary artery, supply the maxillary and mandibular teeth,
respectively.
Alveolar veins with the same names and distribution accompany
the arteries.
Lymphatic vessels from the teeth and gingivae pass mainly to the
submandibular lymph nodes.
29. Supplied by branches of the superior (CN V2) and inferior (CN V3)
alveolar nerves.
These give rise to dental plexuses that supply the maxillary and
mandibular teeth.
30. 1) The three parts of a tooth are: crown, neck & root.
2) Teeth are classified on the basis of duration of eruption and their
characteristics.
3) Enamel, dentin, cementum, & dental pulp are the main dental
tissues.
4) The gingivae, alveolar bones, periodontal ligament, and cementum
are the major periodontal tissues.
5) The labial surface is commonly broken to extract incisors and the
lingual surface is broken to extract molars.
6) Branches of the maxillary artery, supply the teeth with blood.
7) Dental plexuses innervates the teeth.
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