This document provides an overview of dental anatomy and tooth structures covered in Week 2. It defines key terms like enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, and alveolar bone. It describes the primary and permanent dentition, as well as eruption patterns. It also covers tooth surfaces, cavity classification, charting, oral exam procedures, and the characteristics of maxillary second premolars compared to first premolars. The goal is to familiarize students with important anatomical structures and terminology in dentistry.

1. Mod A
Week 2

2. DISCUSSION GUIDE MODULE – A WEEK II
1. What is Enamel?
2. What is Dentin?
3. What is Pulp? Describe the pulp.
4. What is Cementum?
5. What is apical foramen?
6. What is alveolar bone and its function?
7. What are the functions of the periodontal ligament?
8. What are the characteristics of the gingiva?

3. DISCUSSION GUIDE MODULE – A WEEK II
9. Describe/locate the different surfaces of the teeth.
Mesial, distal, facial/labial, lingual, buccal
10. What are the functions of the teeth?
11. Identify the permanent teeth
12. Identify the deciduous teeth and eruption age
13. GV Black Cavity Classification
14. Identify the anterior teeth
15. Identify the posterior teeth
16. What is anatomical crown?
17. What is clinical crown?

4. DISCUSSION GUIDE MODULE – A WEEK II
18. What is universal tooth numbering?
19. Identify which one is geometric and anatomical chart
20. Identify and describe all the tissue forming cells
21. Characteristics of maxillary 2nd bicuspid
END

5. Week 2
Histology / Morphology
Lectures week 2
O Tissues of a Tooth
O Deciduous and Permanent Dentition
O Eruption Patterns
O Landmarks of the Teeth
O Cavity Classification
O Charting
O Oral Exam / Mouth Mirror Inspection

6. TOOTH /
TEETH/DENTITION
 Term used to describe the natural
teeth in the jawbones
 3 dentition periods:
 Primary/Deciduous(20 teeth/baby teeth)
 Mixed (6-8yo./1st perm molar erupts)
 Permanent/Adult/Succedaneous
(32 teeth)

7. DENTITION/TEETH/TOOTH
FUNCTIONS
O Mastication
O Esthetics
O Influence Facial Structure
O Aid in Speech
Q10

8. Tissues of a Tooth
week 2 lecture 1
The human tooth is made of several layers of tissue
and is held into the socket by bone.

9. Tooth Tissue
(Radiograph)

10. A. ANATOMICAL CROWN:
Portion of the tooth that
is covered by the enamel.
B. CLINICAL
CROWN:
Portion of the
tooth visible in the
mouth.
ANATOMY OF A TOOTH
Q16, Q17

11. Enamel
O Hardest calcified tissue of the body
O Makes up the anatomical crown of the
tooth
Q1

12. Dentin
O Makes up the bulk of the tooth
O It is covered by enamel on the crown and by
cementum on the root
Q2

13. Pulp
O Located in the pulp chamber and canals
O Made up of blood vessels and nerves that enter the pulp
chamber through the apical foramen.
O Very sensitive to trauma
O Non-vital when no longer functioning
O Will continue the process of forming dentin for the
life of the pulp.
Canal: Hollow chamber found in the root portion of a
tooth.
Allows us to feel pain
Q3

14. The Dental Pulp

15. Cementum
O Bonelike, rigid
connective tissue
that covers the root
of the tooth
o Attachment
o Compensation
o Growth
Q4

16. Alveolar Bone/Alveolar Process
Extensions of bone from the body of the
mandible and the maxilla which supports
the teeth in their functional positions in the
jaws.
Q6

17. Root Apical Foramen
Portion of the
tooth that is
embedded into
the alveolar
process.
Natural
opening in the
root portion of
a tooth.
Q5

18. FUNCTION:
Periodontal Ligament
Supportive & Protective –
holds and cushions the tooth
in socket
Sensory – “Sense of touch”.
Nerve supply
Nutritive - supplies nutrients
through the blood vessels
Formative and resorptive–
replaces tissue by the cells
present. Continuous and rapid
remodeling.
Q7

19. Gingiva
Characteristics:
 Surrounds teeth like a
collar
 Self cleansing
 Firm and resistant
 Tightly adapted to tooth
and bone
 Stippled – resembles the
rind of an orange
(Attached gingiva and interdental papillae)
 Color: varies according
to the individual’s
pigmentation
Q8

20. Mucosa
O Lining Mucosa-
covers the oral
cavity
O Masticatory
Mucosa-covers
hard palate, top of
the tongue, alveolar
process

21. Tissue forming cells
 Ameloblasts: forms the enamel
 Odontoblasts: forms the dentin
 Cementoblasts: forms the cementum
 Fibroblasts: forms the intercellular
substance of the pulp
 Osteoblasts: forms the bone
Q20

22. Anatomy of a Tooth

23. Deciduous and Permanent
Dentition Eruption Patterns
week 2 lecture 2
Primary (baby) teeth =
Permanent (adult) teeth =
Universal Tooth Numbering: Most
common numbering system used
20
32
Q18

24. Deciduous DentitionQ12

25. Permanent Dentition
Q11

26. Anterior / Posterior Teeth
PRIMARY PERMANENT
Q14
Q15

27. Deciduous
teeth
do not have
bicuspids or
third molars
Deciduous teeth
Starts to erupt
Q12

28. Mixed Dentition

29. Tooth Surfaces
5 surfaces each tooth:
Anterior teeth: mesial, distal,
lingual, facial and incisal
Posterior teeth: mesial, distal,
lingual, buccal, and occlusal
Mesial: side of the tooth towards
the midline
Distal: side of the tooth away from
the midline
Lingual: side of the tooth closest to
the tongue
Facial / Labial: side of the tooth
towards the lips (Anterior teeth)
Incisal: sharp thin edge of the
anterior tooth
Buccal: side of the tooth towards
the cheek of the posterior teeth
Occlusal: chewing surface of the
posterior teeth
Q9

30. Divisions into Thirds
O Each tooth surface
is divided into
imaginary thirds to
help identify a
specific area of the
tooth

31. Surfaces of the Teeth
Cavity Classification
Cavity classification is a way of
determining where a cavity is on a
tooth and what class of preparation it
needs or has.
Q13

32. Black’s Cavity
Classification
Developed by Dr. G. V. Black
Q13

33. CLASS TOOTH
AFFECTED
SURFACES
INVOLVED
CHARTING PICTURE
I Both
ANTERIOR and
POSTERIOR
TEETH
Occlusal Pit and
Fissure
Buccal or
Lingual Pits
O, B, L-pit,
OB, OL
II POSTERIOR
TEETH ONLY
Premolars /
Molars
Proximal
surfaces (mesial
or distal)
MO, DO,
MOD, MOB,
DOB,
MODB,
MOL, DOL,
MODL

34. CLASS TOOTH
AFFECTED
SURFACES
INVOLVED
CHARTING PICTURE
III ANTERIOR
TEETH ONLY
Interproximal
surface
Mesial or Distal
Only – Does
NOT involve the
incisal edge
M, D, MF,
DF, ML, DL
IV ANTERIOR
TEETH ONLY
Interproximal
surface
Mesial / Distal
AND INCLUDES
the incisal edge
MI, DI, MIL,
DIL, MFI, DFI,
MILF, DILF

35. CLASS TOOTH
AFFECTED
SURFACES
INVOLVED
CHARTING PICTURE
V ANTERIOR /
POSTERIOR
TEETH
Gingival third
Facial or
Lingual
Surface
F, L
VI ANTERIOR
TEETH /
POSTERIOR
TEETH
INCISAL EDGE
OF ANTERIOR
TEETH
CUSP TIP OF
POSTERIOR
TEETH
Cusp tip / I

36. Vestibule
O Is the area between the teeth, lips and cheeks.

37. Mouth Mirror Inspection
Performed by RDA under Direct Supervision

38. Characteristics of Maxillary Second
Premolars Compared to Max First
Premolar
O The lingual cusp is slightly shorter
O The cusps are not as sharp
O The second premolar has only one root
and one root canal
O Wider buccolingually than mesiodistally

39. Number of Roots
Single rooted teeth
O Max. CI, LI, C
O Max. 2nd bicuspid
O Mand. CI, LI,C
O Mand. 1st, 2nd
bicuspid
Bi-rooted teeth
O Max. 1st bicuspid
O Mand. 1st, 2nd, 3rd
molar
TRI-Rooted teeth
O Max. 1st, 2nd, 3rd
molar

40. First Molars

41. END OF WEEK 2