Stomata are small pores found on plant leaves that allow for gas exchange and transpiration. They consist of three parts: the pore, guard cells, and sometimes subsidiary cells. The pore allows for gas exchange and transpiration. Guard cells are specialized cells that surround the pore and control opening and closing. Subsidiary cells are associated with guard cells and help their function. There are four basic types of dicot stomata defined by Metcalfe and Chalk based on subsidiary cell arrangement: anomocytic (Ranunculaceae), anisocytic (Cruciferae), paracytic (Rubiaceae), and diacytic (Caryophyllaceae). Stomata types and arrangements vary

1. By:
Pooja Khanpara

2. Stomata :-
Stomata Denoted To
Small Pore Present On
Leaf , Which Are For
Mean Of Gasseous
Exchange & Transpiration
They Constituent Three
Part
-Cell Pore
- Guard Cell
- Subsidiary Cell

3. Cell Pore :-
- Pore Present On Leaf
- Help In Gasseous Exchange
- Transpiration Occur By This

4. Guard Cell
- Specialized Cell surrounds Stromatal Pore
-Always Present In Pair
- Helping Stomata In Opening & Closing

5. Subsidiary Cell
These Are Type Of Epidermal Cell Which Are
Associated With Guard Cell
They Are Morphologically Different From
Guard Cell also Called Accessory Cell

6. Stomatal Apparatus
Stomatal Pore , Guard Cell & Subsidiary
Cell Together Called Stomatal Apparatus

7. Open & Closed Stomata
>> Open Stomata Happen At Day Time
Closed Stomata Happen At Night Timing
>>At Open Time Transpiration Occur
At Closed Timing No Transpiration Occur

8. Types Of Guard Cell
In Dicot Leaf= Kidney Shape In Monocot Leaf= Dum bell Shape

9. Arrangement Of Stomata
In Monocot = Parellel In Dicot = Irregular

10. Presence Of Stomata In Leaf
Polygonum Type Mesophytic Type Monocot Type

11. Stomata Based On Ontegeny Development
Haplocheilic Type :-
Guard Cell Originate By
Stomatal initial & Neighbouring
Cell Get Concerted Into Guard
Cell
Syndetocheili Type :-
Here , Guard & Subsdiary Cell
Originate From Same mother
Cell

12. Metacalfe & Chalk :-
Describe 4 Type Of Dicot Stomata

13.  There are 4 basic types of stomata among the
dicotyledons, these types are distinguished on the
basis of the subsidiary cells surrounding the stomata
& their arrangements,
 The four types are as the following
A) Anomocytic type, Ranunculaceae
B) Anisocytic type, Curciferae
C) Paracytic type, Rubiceae
D) Diacytic type, Caryophyllaceae
Types of stomata

14.  The surrounding epidermal cells have no special
arrangement, they are all similar & there are no
subsidiary cells, so all the cells are normal epidermal
cells without any modification, like to stomata of
digitalis, see the following example pictures.
A) Anomocytic or Ranunuculaceae

15.  The stomata is surrounded by 3 or more subsidiary
cells, one of them is distinctly smaller that the others
like in Hyoscymus niger, check the following picture.
B) Anisocytic type or Cruciferae

16.  Each stoma is surrounded by 2 or more subsidiary cells,
2 of them have their long axes parallel to the pore, which
means that the axes of the subsidiary cells are parallel to
the axes of the pore like the one in senna leaves, check
the following picture.
C) Paracytic type or
Rubiaceae

17.  Each stomata is surrounded by 2 subsidiary cells
having their long axes perpendicular to the pore like
in peppermint, Mentha piper, check the following
picture
D) Diacytic type, Caryophyllaceae

19.  Paracytic or Rubiaceous or parallel- celled stomata:
Cocca leaf, senna leaf
 Diacytic or caryophyllaceous or cross-celled stomata
: Peppermint, Vasaka
 Anisocytic or cruciferous or Unequial celled stomata:
Belladona, Datura
 Anomocytic or ranunculaceous or irregular celled
stomata: Digitalis, Lobelia
Types of stomata and Example of
drugs

20. Anomocytic Type :-
Here , Stomata Surround With Limited
Number Of Cell , Which Cannot be
Differentiated From Other Cell

21. Anisocytic Type :-
Here, Stoma Surrounds by 3
Subsdiary Cell , In Which One cell
is Smaller Than Other Two

22. Diacytic Type :-
Here, Stomal Encloses In Pair Of
Subsidiary Cell In Which They Are
in At Right angle To Guard Cell

23. Paracytic Type :-
Here Subsidairy Cell Arranged In That
Manner They Having Same Arrangement As
Guard Cell

24. Trichomes
 An elongated tubular outergrowth of epidermal cell is
called trichome or plant hair.
 It consist 2 part: foot(root) & body
 It may be absent also (coca) & in less amount (senna)
