A line along which two or more fabric parts are joined by sewing is called seam.
Again A stitch line where fabrics are joined together by various fabric arrangements.
So we can say that the line of joining fabric is called seam.
A line along which two or more fabric parts are joined by sewing is called seam.
Again A stitch line where fabrics are joined together by various fabric arrangements.
So we can say that the line of joining fabric is called seam.
Class 100 - Chain stitch
1.One of the simplest stitch types, the chain stitch has one or more needle threads and is formed by Intra looping.
2.This stitch is very Insecure and unravels easily if a stitch is broken or skipped or if the last loop is not fastened securely.
3.This stitch is used for sewing buttons and buttonholes, hemming, basting and pad stitching.
Class 200 - Rand Stitch
1.Generally formed by hand, the hand stitch is made with a needle that is passed from one side of the material to the other as a single line of thread.
2.The most important machine to duplicate this stitch is a pick stitching machine, which is used as a decorative detail on the other edges of jackets.
Denim is a sturdy cotton warp-faced textile in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. This twill weaving produces a diagonal ribbing that distinguishes it from cotton duck.
Denim is available in a range of colors, but the most common denim is indigo denim in which the warp thread is dyed while the weft thread is left white. As a result of the warp-faced twill weaving, one side of the textile is dominated by the blue warp threads and the other side is dominated by the white weft threads. Jeans fabricated from this cloth are thus predominantly white on the inside.
Bahauddin Zakariya University College of Textile Engineering.
Seam And its Classification with seam problemSadia Textile
Like Comment And download.
What is Seam?
A seam is a joint of two pieces of fabric in producing a three -dimensional shape of a garment.
Properties of good seam are,
= Smooth fabric joints
= No Missed or Uneven stitches
= No damage to the material being sewn
= Achievement of strength, elasticity, Durability, security and comfort
= Comfortable while garment is in use
SEAMS DESIGNATION
Each stitched seam is designed numerically by five digits:
0.00.00 refers to the CLASS, 1-8;
0.00.00 refers to the material configuration,
01 to 99;
0.00.00 refers to needle penetrations, material configurations, 01-99.
Seam Classification:
According to British Standard 3870: 1991, seam is classified as-
Class 1- superimposed
Class 2- lapped
Class 3- bound
Class 4- flat
Class 5- decorative/channel
Class 6- edge neatening
Class 7- applied
Class 8- others
* Formed by lapping two pieces of component, they are produced with minimum of two pieces of component.
* One component is limited on one end and the other is limited on the other end. The limited edges of these two components are put in opposite directions.
* Used for: main seaming of denim jackets, jeans, and overalls. Fabrics that will not ravel, unlined garments, side seams of shirts, joining lace to another fabric, attaching patch pockets, decorative finish
This slide about sewing problem. Generally a lot of way sewing problem occurred. From this slide you guys can learn about some sewing problem & how it's occurred .
This slide is made with animation.If u want to see this slide with it's original view, plz download this slide.This slide is made by using animation.
so,download it and enjoy this slide
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
Class 100 - Chain stitch
1.One of the simplest stitch types, the chain stitch has one or more needle threads and is formed by Intra looping.
2.This stitch is very Insecure and unravels easily if a stitch is broken or skipped or if the last loop is not fastened securely.
3.This stitch is used for sewing buttons and buttonholes, hemming, basting and pad stitching.
Class 200 - Rand Stitch
1.Generally formed by hand, the hand stitch is made with a needle that is passed from one side of the material to the other as a single line of thread.
2.The most important machine to duplicate this stitch is a pick stitching machine, which is used as a decorative detail on the other edges of jackets.
Denim is a sturdy cotton warp-faced textile in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. This twill weaving produces a diagonal ribbing that distinguishes it from cotton duck.
Denim is available in a range of colors, but the most common denim is indigo denim in which the warp thread is dyed while the weft thread is left white. As a result of the warp-faced twill weaving, one side of the textile is dominated by the blue warp threads and the other side is dominated by the white weft threads. Jeans fabricated from this cloth are thus predominantly white on the inside.
Bahauddin Zakariya University College of Textile Engineering.
Seam And its Classification with seam problemSadia Textile
Like Comment And download.
What is Seam?
A seam is a joint of two pieces of fabric in producing a three -dimensional shape of a garment.
Properties of good seam are,
= Smooth fabric joints
= No Missed or Uneven stitches
= No damage to the material being sewn
= Achievement of strength, elasticity, Durability, security and comfort
= Comfortable while garment is in use
SEAMS DESIGNATION
Each stitched seam is designed numerically by five digits:
0.00.00 refers to the CLASS, 1-8;
0.00.00 refers to the material configuration,
01 to 99;
0.00.00 refers to needle penetrations, material configurations, 01-99.
Seam Classification:
According to British Standard 3870: 1991, seam is classified as-
Class 1- superimposed
Class 2- lapped
Class 3- bound
Class 4- flat
Class 5- decorative/channel
Class 6- edge neatening
Class 7- applied
Class 8- others
* Formed by lapping two pieces of component, they are produced with minimum of two pieces of component.
* One component is limited on one end and the other is limited on the other end. The limited edges of these two components are put in opposite directions.
* Used for: main seaming of denim jackets, jeans, and overalls. Fabrics that will not ravel, unlined garments, side seams of shirts, joining lace to another fabric, attaching patch pockets, decorative finish
This slide about sewing problem. Generally a lot of way sewing problem occurred. From this slide you guys can learn about some sewing problem & how it's occurred .
This slide is made with animation.If u want to see this slide with it's original view, plz download this slide.This slide is made by using animation.
so,download it and enjoy this slide
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
A presentation on the technology of thread and seams, including thread and needle types, sizing conventions, seam and stitch types, and trouble shooting.
Stitch and seam are related to each other because seam cannot made without stitch and vice versa. Stitch is the unit of seam made by three principle i.e.
interlooping , intralooping , interlacing to join two ply of fabric. Stitch are very important in apparel making. It is not possible to make a single garment without stitch
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
2. Stitch
Stitch:
British standard 3870, defines stitch as: One units of conformation
resulting from one or more strands or loops of thread intralooping,
Interlooping or passing into or through the fabric or material.
Inter looping : Loop of one thread passes through the loop of another thread.
Intra looping : Loop of one thread passes through the loop of same thread.
Inter Lacing: One thread passes over another thread.
4. Stitch
Stitch classification is based on:
Structure of the stitch
Method of interlacing stitch properties.
Stitch properties:
Relate to aesthetics and performance
Stitch size
Stitch length, width, and depth.
Thread tension
Stitch consistency.
5. Stitch properties
Stitch Length:
Stitches per inch (spi)
High spi
• Short stitches: High quality
• Potential problems (seam pucker or weaken fabric).
• Higher spi, the more time and thread, high cost.
Low spi
• Long stitches: Lower quality
• Problems: Less durable, snagging, abrasion, grinthrough
• Fast, less thread, less cost.
Example:
• men’s shirts 22 spi vs. 8 spi
6. Stitch properties
Stitch Width:
Distance between the outermost lines of stitches.
Refers to the horizontal span covered in the formation of one stitch.
Referred to as gauge, (inch)
• Example: over edge, zigzag, and cover stitches (1/4 inch)
Width dimensions require multiple needles or lateral movement of
thread carriers:
Example: needle bars, loopers, or spreaders.
8. Stitch properties
Stitch depth:-
Stitch depth is the distance between the upper and lower surface of stitch.
Thread tension:-
Thread tension affects stitch formation in two ways
i.The balance of force on the threads that form the stitch
ii.The degree of compression on the fabric created by the threads as a stitch
is formed.
Stitch consistency:-
Stitch consistency is the uniformity with each stitch is formed in a row of
stitch
9. Classification of stitches:-
Stitch classification is based on:
Structure of the stitch
Method of interlacing stitch properties.
Types of stitches:-
1. Stitch Class- 100 (Single thread chain stitch).
2. Stitch Class- 200 (Hand Stitch).
3. Stitch Class- 300 (Lock Stitch).
4. Stitch Class- 400 (Multi thread chain stitch).
5. Stitch Class- 500 (Over lock stitch).
6. Stitch Class- 600 (Covering chain stitch).
10. Stitch and Classification
Class 100:(Single thread chain stitch):
is chain stitch type, is formed with one or more needle threads
introduced from one side of the material only.
chain stitch is elastic and thicker than lockstitch and can
easily be ravelled;
particular care is required to prevent runback from the last
stitch.
Used for temporary stitching or for Blind stitching.
11. Stitch and Classification
Sub-Class- 101:
Uses: It is used for blasting (temporary stitching). e.g. Blazer
components joining before final sewing to cooperate sewing.
Sub-Class-103: Blind Stitch.
Feature:
One side is invisible and other side is like chain.
Use: Bottom hemming of dress pants.
12. Stitch and Classification
Class 200:
is a hand stitch type, is formed by single thread passed from one side of
the material to the other in successive needle penetrations.
a slow process and need huge manpower to finish bulk order.
Used for handwork.
Sub-Classes:
Sub-Class-202: This type of stitch is formed by hand.
Sub-Class-209: This type of stitch is formed by “Pique Stitch
Machine’’.
Uses: Lapel of Blazer, collar of shirt, saddle stitch etc.
13. Stitch and Classification
Saddle Stitch: A special type of stitch which is formed by Pique Stitch
Machine using Thick thread. It is used in Cowboy Jeans.
This type of stitch is formed with one
thread. It is a machine made version of
traditional hand stitching sometimes
referred to as Saddle Stitch.
14. Stitch and Classification
Class 300:
is a lock stitch type, is formed by a needle thread or threads,
introduced from one side of the material, interlacing with an under
thread
supplied from a bobbin on the other side.
low bulk and thin, good strength and abrasion resistance
Poor elasticity, non ravel
limited sewing length, need to replace bobbin thread.
for seams requiring stretch.
Subclass: 301, 304
Usages:
Lock stitch is extensively used for joining fabrics collar, cuff, pocket,
facing etc. Top stitching is used for button holing, attaching, blind
stitching etc.
15. Stitch and Classification
Sub-Class-301:
Use: Top stitching in garments.
Sub-Class-304:
Uses: Elastic attaching, lace attaching etc
16. Stitch and Classification
Class 400:
is multi thread chain stitch type, is formed with two/more groups of
threads having general characteristic of interlacing interloping of the
loops of the two groups.
non ravel, strong, good elasticity, less likely to cause seam
pucker due to structural jamming
good seam stretch
does not need to wind bobbin
lower resistance to runback and have increased bulk under
the seam
Hemming: Hem is the end of the garment and the process of making
hem is called hemming
17. Stitch and Classification
Subclass:
401(1n+1l); Use in Jens.
406(2n+2l); Use in T-Shirt (Heming). (Flat Lock).
407(3n+1l) Use in Brief’s. (Flat Lock).
Usages:
This type of stitches is used for sewing lace, braid and elastic.
Stitch type-401 is used in jeans and trouser.
18. Stitch and Classification
401: 1Needle + 1Looper
Uses: Inseam and out seam of jeans.
406: 2Needle + 1Looper
Uses: Sleeve and bottom hem of T-shirt.
Upper side
Bottom side
20. Stitch and Classification
Class 500:
is over lock over edge stitch type, is formed with one or more needles and/or loopier threads
with at least one thread passing round the edge of the material being sewn.
Excellent stretchable good recovery
Seam or edge neatening
suitable for many types of fabric
subject to fraying or slippage.
Subclass:
British Standard:
503(1n+1l); Use for edging.
504(1n+2l); Use for edging & light seaming.
514(2n+2l); Use edging & Heavy seaming.
American Standard: Combination Stitch
515(401 + 503); Use for edging & sewing.
516(401 + 504); Use for edging & sewing.
Usages: This stitch type can be used to make a decorative edge.
21. Stitch and Classification
Sub-Classes:
503: 1Needle + 1Looper
Use: Only for edging.
504: 1Needle + 2Looper
Uses: For edging & light seaming.
514: 1Needle + 2Looper
Uses: For edging & heavy seaming.
22. Stitch and Classification
Class 600:
is formed with two or more groups of threads, has for a general characteristic
that two groups of thread cover surfaces of the material.
High elasticity, seam neatening and Flat seam stitch, Bulk,
Fast machine speed
No need of Bobbin
Greater thread consumption
Covering stitches for decorative purpose, Can be used to join
two raw edges, suitable for knitted garments.
Subclass:
602; Use for decorative purpose.
605; Use for decorative purpose.
Usages:
This type of stitch is used for sewing under wear for attaching lace, braid
elasticity.
23. Stitch and Classification
Sub-Classe-602: 2Needle + 2Looper
Use: Sleeve and bottom hem of T-shirt, Polo-shirt & decorative
purpose.
Sub-Classe-605: 3Needle + 2Looper
Uses: For decorative purpose & elastic attaching of under garments.
24. Seam
What is Seam?
A seam is a joint of two pieces of fabric in producing a three -dimensional
shape of a garment.
Properties of good seam are,
= Smooth fabric joints
= No Missed or Uneven stitches
= No damage to the material being sewn
= Achievement of strength, elasticity, Durability,
security and comfort
= Comfortable while garment is in use
25. Seam and Classification
SEAMS DESIGNATION
Each stitched seam is designed numerically by five digits:
0.00.00 refers to the CLASS, 1-8;
0.00.00 refers to the material configuration,
01 to 99;
0.00.00 refers to needle penetrations, material
configurations, 01-99.
26. Seam and Classification
PLAIN SEAM or SUPERIMPOSED SEAM Class 1
•Formed by superimposing the edge of one piece of component over the
other, these seams are produced with a minimum of two pieces of
component.
• Each component is limited on the same end.
28. Seam and Classification
Class 2 Lapped seam or welt seam
* Formed by lapping two pieces of component, they are produced with
minimum of two pieces of component.
* One component is limited on one end and the other is limited on the
other end. The limited edges of these two components are put in opposite
directions.
* Used for: main seaming of denim jackets, jeans, and overalls. Fabrics that
will not ravel, unlined garments, side seams of shirts, joining lace to another
fabric, attaching patch pockets, decorative finish
30. Seam and Classification
Class 3 Bound seam
Constructed by binding the component edge with another narrow
component. The seam produced with minimum of two pieces of component.
One component is limited on one end and the other is limited on both
ends.
Used for : finishing necklines, sleeves hems, inside waistbands of trousers
and pants, finishing seams on unlined jackets and coats, adding interest as a
design or decorative detail, finishing raw edges, continuing the motif design
of lace.
32. Seam and Classification
Class 4 Flat or channel seam
Two pieces of fabric are laid flat with their edges closing each other
without overlapping. Seams are produced with minimum of two pieces of
component.
Both components are limited on one end but they are put opposition to
each other on the same level.
* Used for: close fitting garments where the seam allowance may put
pressure on the body, high-stretch fabrics, athletic apparel, shape wear,
undergarments, thermal underwear, swimwear.
34. Seam and Classification
Class 5 Ornamental Seam
A seam class for decorative sewing on garments.
Seams are produced with minimum of one piece of component, with
unlimited edges on both ends.
* Used for: adding a design detail, cording, piping, tucking, welting,
decorative stitching
36. Seam and Classification
Class 6 Turned hem or Edge neatening
Stitching work made on the fabric edges for neatening.
Seams are produced with one piece of component. This seam has one
limited edge on one end.
38. Seam and Classification
Class 7 Edge Stitched Seam
A narrow piece is sewn to the edge of a garment part.
Seams are produced with minimum of two pieces of component. One
component is limited on one end, and the other narrow one is limited on
both ends.
40. Seam and Classification
Class 8 Enclosed Seam
Only one piece of component involved in construction the seam, stitches are
applied on its edge/s.
Seams are produced with minimum of one piece of component with a limited
edge on two ends.
43. Seam problems
SEAM PROBLEMS
SEAM PUCKER
• Bad tension
• Bad feed
• Fabric-Thread instability
• Uneven shrinkage during finishing
• Thread-bloat from washing
• Structural jamming/Inherent pucker
• Tight weaving does not have enough room between yarns for thread
• Sewing caused yarns to be pushed out of place
44. Seam problems
Grinning
• Loose tension
• Incorrect stitch choice
• Lockstitch is the tightest stitch and will grin less than
other stitches
45. Seam problems
SKIPPED STITCHES
• Bad tension
• Machine timing is off
• Bobbin hook or looper is not entering needle thread loop at
• correct time
• Incorrect needle choice
• The wrong needle can cause problems in creating the needle
• thread loop
• Damaged needle
• If the needle is bent, or is striking the throat plate, it may not
create the loop in the right place for the hook to catch
46. Seam problems
NEEDLE THREAD BREAKAGE
• Tight tension
• Trapping at package base
• Snarling before tension disc
• Poor needle choice
• If eye is too small, there will be increased friction
• Excessive heat
• Poor quality thread
47. Seam problems
BOBBIN/LOOPER THREAD BREAKAGE
•Tight tension
•Badly wound bobbin
•Incorrect fit of bobbin case
•Trapping at package base (for loopers)
NEEDLE DAMAGE
•Incorrect needle/thread choice
•Damaged needle
48. Seam problems
SEAM SLIPPAGE
• Problem is with the fabric – not the stitch
• Low yarn count, and continuous filament yarns that don’t grip each other
well are to blame
• Very minimal improvement can be achieved through increasing seam
allowance, adding top stitching, or changing to a lapped felled seam
• When possible, seams can be fused
• Best option – Change fabric