This document discusses fabric spreading and cutting machines used in the garment manufacturing process. It describes the marker and marker planning process used to optimize fabric utilization. It then explains different types of fabric spreading including manual, semi-automatic, and fully automatic methods. Key equipment for spreading such as tables, fabric loaders, and weights are identified. Finally, the document outlines various cutting machines from manual scissors to semi-automatic and fully-automatic computerized cutting machines. Precautions for each stage of spreading and cutting are also provided.

2. Submitted to:
Lecturer
Daffodil International University
Submitted by:
Sec: B
Course name: Application of computer in textile
Assignment topic:
Date of Submission: 23.08.2016.
Engr. Fahmida Siddiqa
Fabric Spreading and Cutting Machines
131-23-3505;ID:

3. Fabric Spreadingand Cutting

4. Garment Manufacturing Process

5. Marker and Marker planning
Marker:
• It is a long thin paper which contains all
necessary pattern pieces for different
sizes for a particular style of garments
The length also depends on-
• Number of garments to be produced from
a spread lay
• Length of cutting table
• Production planning etc.
Purpose of Marker Making
• For optimum utilization of fabric
• Reduction of fabric wastage
• Speeding up the production process
• Get maximum number of pattern pieces from one lay of fabric

6. Spreading
• Spreading – The process of unwinding large rolls of fabric onto long, wide tables
in preparation for cutting each piece of garment
• Types of Fabric spreading:
i. Flat Spreading
ii. Stepped Spreading
• Precautions needed while spreading fabric:
i. Alignment of plies
ii. Elimination of fabric defects/flaws
iii. Correct ply direction
iv. Correct ply tension
v. Fabrics must be flat and free from any crinkle & crease

7. Spreading related Equipment
• Tables
- Normal table
- Vacuum table
- Conveyor table
- Pinned table
• Fabric Loaders
• Fabric weights/Clamps/Pins
Pinned Table
Vacuum Table
Fabric clamps
Fabric Weights
Fabric Roll Loader

8. Spreading- Methods
Spreading
Machine
Assisted
Spreading
Semi-
Automatic
Fully
Automatic
Manual
Spreading

9. Manual Spreading Machines
Advantages:
• Easy to operate
• Low investment
• Suitable for small scale garment industries
Limitations:
• Speed limitation
• Skilled labor required to operate
• Chances of improper selvedge alignment
• Small roll size
Operating procedure:
• Fabric is carefully pulled out with help of hands
• Then, fabric is spread and cut to appropriate
requirements
• Process is continued to form layers

10. Semi-Automatic Spreading Machines
Operating Procedure:
• Same as Manual Spreader
• Movement along the table and fabric
pulling can be controlled by buttons
Advantages:
• Fast and economical
• Proper selvedge alignment
• Ease to operate with electronic clutch
Limitations:
• Fabric roll loading, cutting is still manual
• Not suitable for large scale manufacturing houses
• Small roll size

11. Fully Automatic Spreading Machines
• Automatic loading/unloading device for fabric rolls
• Automatic roll turning arrangement for face to back
lay
• Automatic leveling device for fabric edge alignment.
• Automatic cutting device at the end of a run
• Automatic tensioning device to control fabric
tension
• Automatic lay height sensing elevator
• Programmable lay length, ply height and step-laying
• Spreading seeds up to 140 m/min
Features:

12. Scissors
Are normally used when cutting only single or
double plies
Advantages:
• Almost all types of cloths are cut by scissors
• Very cheap
Limitations and disadvantages:
• Cannot be used for mass production
• Cannot cut more than 2-3 piles of fabrics
• Low speed
• Impossible to work continuously for long hours
Manual Cutting Equipment
Laser guided scissors
Electric Scissors
Decorative Edge scissors

13. Cutting
• Cutting – It is the process which cut out the pattern pieces from specified fabric
for making garments
• Types of Fabric cutting machines:
i. Manual, e.g. scissors, cutters
ii. Semi-automatic, e.g. Round knife cutter, band
knife cutter, etc.
iii. Fully computerized, e.g. Laser, water jet, etc.
• Precautions needed while spreading fabric:
i. Safety first, gloves, eye covers, clothing etc.
ii. Stability of fabric layers
iii. Care of cutting blades and machine
iv. Selecting correct type of cutting equipment for a cut
v. Precautions for heating of blades

14. Semi-Automatic Cutting Equipment
Advantages
• Comparatively cheap
• Production speed is very good
• Rough work can be easily done by hands
Disadvantages
• Faulty knife could damage fabric layer
• Knife required to change
• Weight of the motor creates knife deflection
which may be creates faulty pieces
Straight knife Round knife Band knife Notcher machine

15. Fully-Automatic Cutting Equipment
Advantages
• Cutting defects are less
• Less labor cost
• Suitable for very large scale of production
• No need of marker paper
Disadvantages
• Very expensive machines
• Very high on maintenance
• Not suitable for cutting multi level fabric (water-jet, laser)
• Not suitable for synthetic fabric(laser cutting)
Computerized cutting machine
Laser cutting machine
Water-jet fabric cutting
Plasma cutting machine