You find here basic knowledge about Ring and Ring Traveller of ring frame machine.This also help you to understand the role of ring and traveller in ring spinning.
Braiding is a simple form of narrow fabric construction. A braid is a rope like thing, which is made by interweaving three or more stands, strips, or lengths in a diagonally overlapping pattern. They have good elongation characteristics and are very pliable, curving around edges nicely.
Braids are divided into two types :
1. Flat braids, in the form of strips or narrow flat
tapes.
2. Round braids, tubular in form, which may be
hollow or have a center core of some material.
Braiding are produced from any of the textile fibers (cotton, jute, nylon, glass fiber, rubber .................etc), as well as from metal threads, tinsel, straw, wire or leather.
The traditional circular braiding machine contains a series of bobbins of yarn mounted on a moving track at the bottom of the machine. The braid is produced as the bobbins move in and out around the base of the machine ,much as Maypole dancer do. Interweaving yarns by braiding produces a flexible fabric; the fabric can be stretched in one direction, but it contracts in the other.
Braided fabrics braiding is more significant for Industrial fabrics than consumer textiles. Braiding is one of the major fabrication methods for composite reinforcement structures , with increasing application of electrical wires and cables, harnesses , hopes, Industrial belts and surgical sutures. This principle of fabric construction is used for making shaped articles , such as straw hats and small rugs ;narrow fabrics , such as ribbons and braids for millinery and accessory dress materials; cords and tapes, such as fish lines, show laces, wicks, parachute cords and structural components for other industrial products.
You find here basic knowledge about Ring and Ring Traveller of ring frame machine.This also help you to understand the role of ring and traveller in ring spinning.
Braiding is a simple form of narrow fabric construction. A braid is a rope like thing, which is made by interweaving three or more stands, strips, or lengths in a diagonally overlapping pattern. They have good elongation characteristics and are very pliable, curving around edges nicely.
Braids are divided into two types :
1. Flat braids, in the form of strips or narrow flat
tapes.
2. Round braids, tubular in form, which may be
hollow or have a center core of some material.
Braiding are produced from any of the textile fibers (cotton, jute, nylon, glass fiber, rubber .................etc), as well as from metal threads, tinsel, straw, wire or leather.
The traditional circular braiding machine contains a series of bobbins of yarn mounted on a moving track at the bottom of the machine. The braid is produced as the bobbins move in and out around the base of the machine ,much as Maypole dancer do. Interweaving yarns by braiding produces a flexible fabric; the fabric can be stretched in one direction, but it contracts in the other.
Braided fabrics braiding is more significant for Industrial fabrics than consumer textiles. Braiding is one of the major fabrication methods for composite reinforcement structures , with increasing application of electrical wires and cables, harnesses , hopes, Industrial belts and surgical sutures. This principle of fabric construction is used for making shaped articles , such as straw hats and small rugs ;narrow fabrics , such as ribbons and braids for millinery and accessory dress materials; cords and tapes, such as fish lines, show laces, wicks, parachute cords and structural components for other industrial products.
Feature and properties of two guide bar warp knit designs Md Fahimuzzaman
Feature and properties of two guide bar warp knit designs
Features of two guide bar warp knit design:
Good Dimensional stability, reasonable cover
Better loop shape and ladder resistance
Reasonable weight
Better pattern scope
Filament-core yarns are produced to take advantage of both filament and staple fibre properties. They offer good strength and uniformity without sacrificing the staple fibre yarn-like surface characteristics. Core-spun yarns containing spandex provide fabric designers with broad possibilities, because such stretchable yarns can be constructed with a wide range of properties using virtually any type of hard fibres as the cover yarn. However, a disadvantage of the core yarns is that the staple fibre sheath may slip along the filament when being pulled to pass over or when being rubbed by machine parts during further mechanical processes. But it is very easy to produce core-spun yarn containing spandex in a conventional ring frame after doing some modification of the machine.
Flocking is defined as the application of fine particles to adhesive coated surfaces. Nowadays, this is usually done by the application of a high-voltage electric field. In a flocking machine the "flock" is given a negative charge whilst the substrate is earthed. Flock material flies vertically onto the substrate attaching to previously applied glue.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
Feature and properties of two guide bar warp knit designs Md Fahimuzzaman
Feature and properties of two guide bar warp knit designs
Features of two guide bar warp knit design:
Good Dimensional stability, reasonable cover
Better loop shape and ladder resistance
Reasonable weight
Better pattern scope
Filament-core yarns are produced to take advantage of both filament and staple fibre properties. They offer good strength and uniformity without sacrificing the staple fibre yarn-like surface characteristics. Core-spun yarns containing spandex provide fabric designers with broad possibilities, because such stretchable yarns can be constructed with a wide range of properties using virtually any type of hard fibres as the cover yarn. However, a disadvantage of the core yarns is that the staple fibre sheath may slip along the filament when being pulled to pass over or when being rubbed by machine parts during further mechanical processes. But it is very easy to produce core-spun yarn containing spandex in a conventional ring frame after doing some modification of the machine.
Flocking is defined as the application of fine particles to adhesive coated surfaces. Nowadays, this is usually done by the application of a high-voltage electric field. In a flocking machine the "flock" is given a negative charge whilst the substrate is earthed. Flock material flies vertically onto the substrate attaching to previously applied glue.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
In weft knitting, the loops are formed across width of the fabric Each weft thread is fed , more or less at right angles to the direction in which the fabric is produced.Weft-knit fabrics may also be knit with multiple yarns, usually to produce interesting color patterns.
sewing thread is a flexible, small diameter yarn or strand usually treated with a surface coating, lubricant or both, intended to be used to stitch one or more pieces of material or an object to a material.
Sewing Machine Needle A to Z
written by
Md. Masudur Rahman
Department of Textile Engineering
4th Batch
National Institute of Textile Engineering and Research (NITER)
Contents…… . . .
The basic functions of a needle
Needle Parts
Needle Selection
Types of needle
Needle Size / Thickness
Various effects of wrong sewing needle selection in apparel industry has mentioned in the below:
1. When the needle is finer than sewing thread
2. When the thread is finer than needle
3. When the needle is coarser than required fabric
4. When the needle is finer than required fabric
Needle Parts:
1. Butt
The starting part of bottom edge of needle. Helps for easily attaching of needle with the needle bar or clamp
2. Shank
The bottom thicker part of the needle which is tied in the needle clamp or the needle set screw. It may be cylindrical or flat in size. It supports the needle as a whole by providing additional strength
3. Shoulder
The intermediate section between the shank and the blade of needle. When the needle penetrate through the fabric to reach its lower position, then the shoulder also penetrates through the fabric. As a result it reduces the friction between needle & fabrics by producing a wider hole on fabric.
4. Blade
The needle portion extends from the shank to the eye. This is subjected to the greatest amount of friction and hence heat when it passes through the material. Blade is gradually tapered to tip
5. Long groove(s)
It is a long and thin groove, presents in one side of the needle blade . During up and down of needle through sewing, the sewing thread take place in this groove and reduce the frictions between fabric, needle and thread. It provides a protective channel and reduce possibility of damaging thread due to frictions.
6. Short groove
It is formed on the other side of long groove, towards the shuttle, hook, or looper and it assists in throwing the loop of needle thread
7. Eye
The eye of the needle is present in the bottom end of the blade. Needle thread allowed through this eye is taken to the bottom area. It helps to create loop
8. Scarf (Clearance)
It is a curved slot, a clearance cut in the needle blade just above the eye to permit a closer setting of the shuttle, hook, or looper to the needle. As a result, it is easy to catch the needle loop by the looper hook.
9. Point
It is the part from needle eye to the tip. The point of the needle is shaped to provide the most suitable penetration of the material being sewn according to its nature and the desired stitch effect
10. Tip
The ending edge pf needle is called tip. It helps to penetrate the needle into the fabric and create hole during sewing.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
1. SEWING THREAD SPINNING
MD MAZBAH UDDIN
BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF TEXTILES
YARN ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
BATCH 08
2. Definition of Sewing Thread
According to the definition given by ASTM, sewing thread is a flexible,
small diameter yarn or strand usually treated with a surface coating,
lubricant or both, intended to be used to stitch one or more pieces of
material or an object to a material. It may be defined as smooth, evenly
spun, hard-twisted ply yarn, treated by a special finishing process to make
it resistant to stresses in its passage through the eye of a needle and
through material involved in seaming and stitching operations.
*American Society for Testing and Materials
Uses of sewing threads:
Sewing threads are used in garments, upholstery, air-supported fabric
structures and geotextiles to join different components by forming a
seam.
3. Different Types of Sewing Threads
• Usually, sewing threads are manufactured from either natural
or manmade fibres in either staple or filament form.
4. Factors for sewing thread classification
1. Fiber type:
a) Natural: Linen, Silk, Cotton.
b) Synthetic: Polyester, Nylon, Aramid.
c) Blended
2. Construction of yarn:
a) S-twisted,.
b) Z-twisted
3. Thread finishing:
a) Texturized thread
b) Core spun thread
5. Sewing threads packages
Spool: wood or plastic , double flanged, parallel wound.
Yarn length: Spool thread package contains 100-500meter thread.
End Uses: Upholstery, Footwear, leather goods manufacturing and in hand sewing
operations.
Cop: Cops are small cylindrical flangeless spools, with precision cross wound.
Made of paper and plastic. They are two types, small cop (tube) and medium
cop(cop).
Yarn length: The length of thread wound ranges from 100-2000 m on small cop and
400-4000 m on cop
End Uses: Kite flying, Upholstery, ready-made garment, tailoring, hosiery, umbrella,
and shoe stitching
Cone: This is self-supporting, cross wound conical package. It is easier to
withdraw yarn end from a cone than from a cheese and because of this, cone is
more widely used.
Yarn length: 1000-25000 m
End uses: readymade garment, tailoring, hosiery, leather stitching, Upholstery, shoe
stitching, denim, embroidery, and kite flying.
6.
7. Sewing threads packages
V-cone or King Spool:
V-cones are parallel tubes or low angled cones with an additional base in the form
of a raised flange.
Yarn length: 1000-5000 m with length of traverse 6.5-9 cm.
End uses: embroidery, core-spun, and filament threads.
Cocoon: Cocoons are self-supporting i.e. center-less thread package specially
designed for the insertion in the shuttle of multi needle quilting and some types
of embroidery.
Prewound Bobbin: Prewound bobbins are precision parallel wound thread
package designed to replace metal bobbins on a variety of lock stitch machines.
Skein: A very small hank of soft twisted plied thread (around 8 m) of coarse
count is parallel wound with the help rotating flyer, which withdraws the thread
from the supply package cone.
End uses: embroidery.
8. Essential Properties required for Sewing Thread
1. Needle thread must pass freely through the small eye of the needle; consequently
they must be uniform, knot-free, non-torque and fault free.
2. Tensile strength is one of the essential properties of the thread. The strength of
the sewing thread must be higher than that of the fabric so that the thread does
not rupture during use.
3. Good abrasion resistance is essential for good sewing performance.
4. Good resistance to heat is a very important requirement of a sewing thread.
Needle heating causes sewing thread breakage, cross-thread, skipped stitches,
seam damage and physical damage to the needle.
5. The hairiness of sewing thread also affects the appearance of the seam.
6. Color fastness is a general requirement for sewing thread. It is important that the
selected shade retain its color throughout the life of the garment.
7. Low shrinkage during washing and ironing is required.
8. Good luster in the thread improves appearance of the seam.
9. Threads must be uniformly dyed.
9. Manufacturing stages of sewing thread
1. Sorting the initial materials into lots.
2. Winding threads in spool.
3. Thread production.
4. Thread winding( soft coning).
5. Dyeing of threads (metal if required).
6. Drying of threads(if dyeing is required).
7. Thread winding on winder (hard coning).
8. Sorting, marking and packing of finished threads.