The document discusses different types of fabric packaging and spreading methods. It describes 5 types of piece goods packaging: 1) open face rolled, 2) tubular knitted fabric rolled, 3) folded fabric rolled, 4) folded fabrics, and 5) velvet-hanging. It also discusses various methods of fabric spreading including manual, semi-automatic, and fully automated spreading. Key aspects of spreading like fabric lays, splicing, and types of spreading tables including pin tables, air floatation tables, turntable tables, and vacuum tables are summarized. Quality requirements for defect-free spreading such as ply alignment, tension, and elimination of static electricity are also covered.
This presentation was made to have an elaborate sense of fabric spreading. Different types of fabric spreading and the pros and cons of different fabric spreading is illustrated into the presentation.
This presentation was made to have an elaborate sense of fabric spreading. Different types of fabric spreading and the pros and cons of different fabric spreading is illustrated into the presentation.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
SPREADING LABOUR REDUCTION AND REVISED WORKING PROCEDUREpriyangaraja1
Maintain the quality and method of spreading-Reduction of spreading time-Reduction of spreading cost-Reduction of work content-Reduction of spreading labor
cutting department of apparel industry.
types of cutting machineries. methods of cutting , spreading types of spreading, methods of spreading, marker production types of markers, marker making, bundling, fusing department, machines used for fusing, types of fusing materials, #apparel industry #cuttingdepartment
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
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Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdf
Fabric Spreading
1.
2. • The different forms of piece goods packaging are
1. Open face rolled
• Most fabrics are rolled as a single ply on to a disposable tubular
cardboard core about 7 to 8 cm in diameter.The packages are suitable
for spreading by machine.
Fabric is flat open with
the face to the inside of
the roll
Fabric Packages
3. 2.Tubular knitted fabric rolled
• This is usually used for the manufacture of garments such as sports shirts or t-
shirts
Tubular Fabric from a circular
knitting machine is rolled up.
Face is to the inside of the tube,
and there is a fold at each end
of the roll
4. 3. Folded fabric rolled
• This form is traditional with the woolen fabrics used in tailored
garments
5. •This form occurs usually with check fabric to avoid the
distortions which may ensue from tight rolling.
•The doubled fabric is folded accurately backwards and
forwards in lengths of approx. 80-90 cm.
•The ends of piece being wrapped around the pile of folds.
4. Folded fabrics
7. Face of Fabric
• Right Side: refers to the fabric side one sees when wearing the
garment.
• Wrong Side: refers to the fabric side that faces towards the body of
the wearer. The inside side of the fabric in a garment is wrong side
unless it covered with linings
• The side of the fabric facing towards the body is not the wrong side
in some parts of the fabric, e.g. collar, cuffs and facings
8. Spreading is the process of unwinding large rolls of
fabric onto long, wide tables and laying them in
superimposed plies of specified length.
SPREADING
Spreading is the process of superimposing lengths of
fabric on a spreading table, cutting table, or specially
designed surface in preparation for the cutting
process.
9. The shape of the fabric that is attained as per as spreading
of fabric , is called the ‘’fabric lay’’ .
A spread may consist of a single or multiple plies.
The maximum cutting width is the usable fabric width
minus selvedge or needle marks caused by stencil marks.
The cutting marker is laid on the topmost layer.
10. Quality Requirements of fabric
spreading
I. Alignment of the fabric plies:
Fabric plies should be aligned according to the marker length and
marker width. All the plies edge one side of the spread
superimposed perfectly in vertical line.
11. II. Correct ply tension:
To prepare the lay of the fabric, during fabric spreading its base
condition to maintain the correct ply tension.
• Tensioned spread cause
• Snap back: smaller garment parts if cut immediately after spreading or
• If spread is supposed to relax, the spread may be shorter than the marker
• Slack tension cause:
• Create billow and ridges in the spread
• Oversized pieces
• In accurate assembly
• Time waste for correction pattern shape and size
12. III. Elimination of static electricity: it is the problem of man-
made fibers.
In fabric spreading static charge may produced due to friction
specially the fabric containing the man-made fiber like
polyester, nylon etc.
It cause distortion of spreads
Humidity increase, decrease the friction contact of the plies and
spreading surface, static eliminators are the solution
13. To overcome the problem we should take following
steps:
i. To use the antifriction paper
ii. To increase the moisture of cutting room,
iii.To use silicon finish in cutting blade.
14. IV. Spreading information
Style Type
Time Taken to Spreading
Length, Width, Size to be Cut From One Spread.
Identification marks
15. V. Defect free spreading
Uneven Spreading: Front edge of lay is not even, resulting in front or back
edge of marker not catching all plies.
Narrow Material: Bolts or rolls of material too narrow to cover marker
width.
Missed Sectional Breaks: Sectional marker breaks too long or too short.
Parts in lay will be short or material wasted.
Improper Tension: Cloth spread too tight or too loose, causing parts not to
fit in sewing or distorting dimensions of garments.
16. Mismatching Plaids: Material spread too loose or too tight, causing plaid
lines to run diagonally or bow.
Miss-directed Napping: Air pockets not removed. Napped material reversed
in spreading.
Improper Matching of Face of Material: Not spread face down, face up or
face to face as required.
17. Types of fabric lays:
There are two types of fabric lays :
Straight lay
Stepped lay
Straight lay
19. Setup for spreading
Verifying cutting orders
Positioning materials
Preparing cutting tables
Preparing machines
Loading machine
Reloading and delay time may use up to 70% of the time required
for the entire spreading operation.
21. • A spread or lay-up is the total amount of fabric prepared for
a single marker.
• The length of the spread determined by Marker Length
• The height of a lay-up or spread is limited by the following
factors
Spreading
22. Factor affecting lay height:
Thickness of fabric
The greater the fabric thickness and greater lay height.
The lower the fabric thickness and lower lay height
Volume of production
The greater the fabric volume and greater lay height
Length of cutting knife
The cutting knife length have must be 70% .
Nature of fiber
Cotton and seed fibers are natural fibers.
Cotton fiber thickness is very higher
Seed fiber thickness is very lower
23. Spreading
•The spreading table may be covered with a paper that can
protect the lay from any rough spot
•The paper facilitate easy movement of lay if it is to be cut in
different table
•It also prevent distortion of lower plies by the base of the
cutting knife
•Some fabric (synthetic) may need additional layer of paper in
between plies to prevent slippery of the fabrics or in certain
interval of plies
24. The final step of spreading is placing the marker on
the lay unless to be cut by CNC
The marker to be held in place with an adhesive,
weighted, or stapled to prevent shifting
26. Manual Spreading
Two people runs from sides of the table holding one end of
the fabric
The fabric should be cut when the required length is
spread
Two or more people required unless the spread is too
short
If the fabric roll is from one end of the table on rotating
beam or the fabric should be in fold
The productivity of manual spreading depends on the skill
of spreaders, type of fabrics and defect pattern, and
required quality, frequency of fatigue
27. Manual Spreading
• Time consuming method
• Require operator on each side of table
• But necessary for spreading some typical fabrics, like
• Checked fabrics
• Fabrics with crosswise stripes
• Fabrics with regular repeating patterns
• Fabrics with a repeating design at intervals of a garment length
28. Semi-automatic spreading machines
• Carrying and moving of fabric is carried out using a machine
but controlling spreading quality is the responsibility of
spreader
• Edge alignment, ply counting, end cutting, tension controlling
may be responsible of the responsible of the spreader
• Some semi-automatic are manually driven but others are
motor driven
• Motor driven machines are more productive than manual
driven machines as manual driven machine can spread in a
speed equal to the spreader speed
29. Automatic spreaders
•It spreads automatically controlling all the factors that affect
spreading quality
•Automatic end catcher
•End cutter
•Automatic ply counter
•Alignment controlling device (edge guide)
•Tension controlling mechanism
•Turn table
30. Automatic Spreading Machines Components
•Spreading surface
•Flat, smooth and leveled surface is preferable
•Some surfaces have vacuum
•Some have air floatation system
•Some have pins
•Spreading Machine
•Used to carry and spread fabric
•100-150 yard/min
31. Automatic Spreading Machines Components
• Fabric Control devices
• Control fabric as the machine carried up and down the table
• Tensioning Mechanism: synchronize rate of spreading with
speed of unrolling.
• Positioning Device: monitor, position and control fabric
placement
• Width Indicator: control width of the fabric and alarm in
narrower width
• EndTreatment: end catcher or end cutter
32. How to spread
1.Mount the bolt on the machine
2.Pull the fabric to far end position
3.Position the fabric at the far end ( with our without weight or pins)
4.Align the ply ( width on one side)
5.Cut the ply after each lay
6.Repeat this process from 2-5 until the entire bolt is spread.
7.Check ply count
8.Repeat a and then 2-7 till the decided number of ply are spread
9.Mark the remnants of the bolts with length in meters and bolt number
and stack separately at the given place.
33. Assignment
• Prepare a report on the following automatic spreader manufacturer.
a) Cosmotex b) Lectra
c) Eastman d) Gerber
• The report should contain
• Introduction to the manufacturer
• Available models of spreaders
• Technical Specification
• Features of the spreaders
• Application of the spreaders
• Submission Date
34. The defects in pieces which are cut into patterns are highly
undesirable.
To avoid this, the spreading operator must identify and cut
out defects as the material is being spread on the table.
However, if the material is cut in the mid of the pattern, it
will lead to more material wastage.
Introduction to Splicing
35. To avoid this, zones are defined called splice zones, where
cuts can be made by the spreading operator. Also it is
also required to decide about the overlap of the next
section of cloth.
Thus there are two lines in a splice zone: One line shows
how far the previous piece of cloth must extend, and one
line shows where the next piece of the cloth must begin,
i.e. how much overlap is needed.
36. Splicing
Splicing refers to the overlapping of two plies end when
piece goods changed or defects cut out in order to
minimize material wastage.
When a flaw is encountered, the spreader is stopped, the
operator moves back to the nearest splice point, cuts the
flaw out and moves the spreader back to overlap the cut
line with the required overlap
37.
38. There are two types of splicing methods
•Interlock splice: is pattern pieces are placed inside splicing
marks. There are two lines connected with two diagonal lines
•Straight line splice: Pattern pieces are placed away from
splicing marks. There is only single line that spreader
automatically understand splicing marks are 2” on each side of
the line.
39.
40. 1. When the ends of the patterns in a marker are joined on both sides
by straight line then use the single line splicing. Make sure that
overlapping at this point should be about 2”
2. When the ends of the patterns in a marker interlock at a common
vertical line across the width then use two line marking with a
diagonal indicating common area that must be overlapped when
patterns in a marker interlock at a common vertical line across the
width.
How to Splice
41. Question
Spreading fabric using splicing system. Three rolls which are going to be spread has
the following defect pattern. Each rolls has 35m length. Splicing allowance 2cm
Roll1: has defect in 3, 11, 23 meters
Roll2: has defect in 7,13, 19 and 27th meter
Roll3: has defects in 5, 16, 22 and 31st meter
Length of the lay is 6mt and there are two splice areas in 2nd and 4th meter from
one end. The splicing allowance is 2cm.
1. What is the splice loss of the fabric? And how much fabric saved if it were
spread without splicing?
2. What will be the answer if it is spread using interlock splicing system? 5cm
interlocking area.
43. Mechanism for matching stripes, checks and other designs while
spreading
•Uses Pins from underneath the table
•Pins and pintables are becoming common for layingaligning of
yarn dyed checks and stripes while laying fabric in long layer, is
either at both ends of lay or at specified intervals along side
selvedges.
Introduction to Pin Table
44. Basic Construction of Continuous Pin Table
•A table having a supporting, perforated/slotted top structure
•A plurality of pin/needle mechanisms distributed over at least a
portion of said supporting surface
•Each pin mechanism includes a generally vertical pin with a
pointed upper end portion
•The height of the pins can be adjusted with the turn of a hand-
wheel. So the spreading and pinning is convenient, fast and avoids
tension in the lay package.
•Needle bars for longitudinal movement of a set of pins on the bar.
Individual pins may be deactivated.
45.
46. Need of pin tables in cutting room
•To handle dimensionally unstable fabric like crape, georgette
etc..
•Laying of yarn dyed checks and stripes.
•for reducing slippage while layer cutting by straight knife.
•For relaying during block cutting.
•For aligning stripes and checks while laying along selvedges
47. The fabric is pinned from the
centre to the outside.
Each ply is cut with the
cutting device at the end
48. The final lay is fixed with the
NEEDLE-PLATES from above.
The fine-cut can be done with a
CNC-Cutter or manually by hand
49. • Different fabrics with different
sizes of the repeat can be
spread in the same lay.
• Immediate net cut.
NO BLOCKING –
NO RELAYING
50. Pin Table For Knitted Fabric
Spreading knitted fabric on a
PIN-TABLE
After spreading, each ply is
cut at the end by the
CUTTING- DEVICE
51. Before moving the finished lay to
the automatic cutter, it is fixed
with help of the NEEDLE-PLATES
Cutting a lay on the automatic
cutter.
52. Advantages
Saving of fabric
Save cutting time by 50 %
Unique needle bar inclination can accommodate spiral stripes
of circular knit fabrics
Improve your quality.
Spread and match in one step.
Do the fine cutting after spreading without relaying.
Prepare your lay for CNC-Cutting
54. Needle Plate
Needle Plate is a very useful utility, which helps you
to fix lays including the MARKER or the PATTERN.
Its needles - coming from above - keep the whole
lay from distortion of its single ply.
The cutting quality is improved when employing the
Needle Plate, as it stays in the lay during the cutting
operation.
Its simple handling allows a quick setting as well as
changing of position.
55. Air floatation, Turntable and Vacuum
• Turntable used
turn the fabric 180 degree when the spreader performs from both ends of
the spreading and FOW or other spreading modes
• Air Floatation table
It used to push the lay upward when the lay required to move to cutting
table
• VacuumTable
It is used to compress the lay and retain the lay in position during cutting
It covered with plastic sheet on the top