Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specialized cells and divide through mitosis. There are several types of stem cells including embryonic, adult, and fetal stem cells which have different potency and sources. Stem cell therapy works by stem cells differentiating into the surrounding tissue when signals are received. Current applications of stem cell therapy include treatment of diseases like diabetes, baldness, blindness, brain/spinal cord injuries, and heart disease. However, there are also potential obstacles like ethical concerns regarding the source of stem cells and difficulty with transplantation.
history ,definition,type of stem cells , characters of stem cells , source, stem cell banking , indications of stem cell therapy ,applications in gynaecology
history ,definition,type of stem cells , characters of stem cells , source, stem cell banking , indications of stem cell therapy ,applications in gynaecology
PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYONIC STEM CELLSANKUR SHARMA
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells and have capacity to differentiate into all type of cells arising from 3 different germ layers i.e., ecto-, meso- and endoderm. In this presentation brief information is given about different methods for production of embryonic stem cells and their maintenance
For better view, press F5.
As we go through our lives each of us will have very different needs for our own healthcare.
Scientist's are constantly researching to make medical care treatment more personalized.
One way they are doing this is by-
Stem Cells therapy
Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.
It is also known as regenerative medicine, promotes the reparative response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives.
It is the next chapter of organ transplantation and uses cells instead of donor organs, which are limited in supply.
What are Stem cells?
Stem cells are called “master cells”
Stem cells are cells that are undifferentiated.
What are Stem cells?
Steam cells have the potential to become all other kinds of cells in our body.
What are Stem cells?
Types of Stem cells
How stem cell therapy works?
Disease cured by stem cell therapy.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Stem cell treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 1 & 2
Stem cell treatment of Stroke
Cancer treatment
Heart damage
Baldness
Tooth implanting
Deafness and blindness
Have stem cells already been used to treat diseases?
Ethical Consideration of Stem Cell Therapy
As the research method mainly focused on Embryonic Stem Cells, which involves taking tissue from an aborted embryo to get proper material to study. This is typically done just days after conception or between the 5th and 9th week.
Since then, researchers have moved on to more ethical study methods, such as Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS). iPS is artificially derived from a non-pluripotent cell, such as adult somatic cells.
Nowadays stem cell treatment has been spreaded throughout the world. It has also been grown commercially in developed countries.
It is thought that one day it may be the major key to treat various diseases.
Using stem cells to conduct medical research and treat disease is acceptable?
Don’t know
No
Yes
Do you approve of the extraction of stem cells from human embryos for medical research?
Don’t know
No
Yes
iPSCs are pluripotent; unlike ESC, iPSCs are not derived from the embryo, but instead created from differentiated cells in the lab through a process – cellular reprogramming.
What are stem cells? This presentation provides an overview of multiple different stem cells including embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cancer stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells and neural stem cells.
Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)
– Derived from the blastocyst of a 5 day-old embryo
– Are pluripotent, i.e., they can differentiate into almost any cell type in the body (primary-like cells)
– Can renew themselves indefinitely
Adult Stem Cells (e.g. MSCs, NSCs, ADSCs)
– Isolated from adult tissues, organs or blood, cord blood, etc.
– Are multipotent – i.e., can give rise to a number of related cell types
– Can renew themselves a number of times but not indefinitely
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS Cells)
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to form pluripotent stem cells called induced pluripotential stem cells (iPS cell).
PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF EMBRYONIC STEM CELLSANKUR SHARMA
Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent stem cells and have capacity to differentiate into all type of cells arising from 3 different germ layers i.e., ecto-, meso- and endoderm. In this presentation brief information is given about different methods for production of embryonic stem cells and their maintenance
For better view, press F5.
As we go through our lives each of us will have very different needs for our own healthcare.
Scientist's are constantly researching to make medical care treatment more personalized.
One way they are doing this is by-
Stem Cells therapy
Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.
It is also known as regenerative medicine, promotes the reparative response of diseased, dysfunctional or injured tissue using stem cells or their derivatives.
It is the next chapter of organ transplantation and uses cells instead of donor organs, which are limited in supply.
What are Stem cells?
Stem cells are called “master cells”
Stem cells are cells that are undifferentiated.
What are Stem cells?
Steam cells have the potential to become all other kinds of cells in our body.
What are Stem cells?
Types of Stem cells
How stem cell therapy works?
Disease cured by stem cell therapy.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Stem cell treatment of Diabetes mellitus type 1 & 2
Stem cell treatment of Stroke
Cancer treatment
Heart damage
Baldness
Tooth implanting
Deafness and blindness
Have stem cells already been used to treat diseases?
Ethical Consideration of Stem Cell Therapy
As the research method mainly focused on Embryonic Stem Cells, which involves taking tissue from an aborted embryo to get proper material to study. This is typically done just days after conception or between the 5th and 9th week.
Since then, researchers have moved on to more ethical study methods, such as Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS). iPS is artificially derived from a non-pluripotent cell, such as adult somatic cells.
Nowadays stem cell treatment has been spreaded throughout the world. It has also been grown commercially in developed countries.
It is thought that one day it may be the major key to treat various diseases.
Using stem cells to conduct medical research and treat disease is acceptable?
Don’t know
No
Yes
Do you approve of the extraction of stem cells from human embryos for medical research?
Don’t know
No
Yes
iPSCs are pluripotent; unlike ESC, iPSCs are not derived from the embryo, but instead created from differentiated cells in the lab through a process – cellular reprogramming.
What are stem cells? This presentation provides an overview of multiple different stem cells including embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cancer stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells and neural stem cells.
Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs)
– Derived from the blastocyst of a 5 day-old embryo
– Are pluripotent, i.e., they can differentiate into almost any cell type in the body (primary-like cells)
– Can renew themselves indefinitely
Adult Stem Cells (e.g. MSCs, NSCs, ADSCs)
– Isolated from adult tissues, organs or blood, cord blood, etc.
– Are multipotent – i.e., can give rise to a number of related cell types
– Can renew themselves a number of times but not indefinitely
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS Cells)
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to form pluripotent stem cells called induced pluripotential stem cells (iPS cell).
Stem cells
Undifferentiated cells capable of self-renew and to differentiate into different cell types or tissues during embryonic development and throughout adulthood.
Have possibility to become a specialised cell.
Have the ability to divide continuously and develop into various other kinds of cells.
Have immune potential and can help to treat a wide range of medical problems.
Discovery of stem cells lead to a whole new branch of medicine known as Regenerative medicine.
Stem cell Therapy in Neurological diseases Ibad khan
Stem cell Therapy in Neurological diseases
difinition
mechanism
types
history
advantages or disadvantages
in this presentation all theses information include ,
This slide is about the potential uses of stem cells. It describes how they are useful and also puts froward the extraction process and the ares in which stem cells prove to be extremely useful. This slide also lists the various from of cells and the difference between stem cells and the normal differentiated cells. It is also richly supplied with photos and content which would altogether increase the quality of the slide. Hope you enjoy and learn. Please do like and follow. Share with your friends who might benefit from this.
If the cell is able to form all cell types of the embryo & adult (Fertilized egg cell) Totipotent stem cell
Stem cell able to differentiate into all 3 germ layers Pluripotent stem cell (Embryonic stem cell)
Multipotent stem cell Differentiate to form cells of some but not all 3 germ layers (Bone, cartilage, connective tissue)
Unipotent stem cell Able to form just one other cell type (Spermatogonia)
Embryos created in vitro fertilization
Aborted embryos
Limited tissues (bone marrow, muscle, brain)
Discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are lost through normal wear and tear, injury or disease
Placental cord
Baby teeth
Diabetes patients lose the function of their insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas
Human embryonic stem cells may be grown in cell cultures and stimulate to form insulin-producing cells , that can be transplanted into the patients
Pancreas is digested with collagenase that frees islets from surrounding cells
Centrifugation of isolates containing mainly alpha and beta cells, purified islets beta cells
Transplanted through a catheter into the liver where they become permanently established Caused when key brain cells that produce message carrying chemical/neurotransmitter (dopamine) die off.
Symptoms start with the patients trembling and can end up paralyzed
Harvesting of stem cells from patients bone marrow, foetus or any other source
Culturing of harvested stem cells in lab conditions - to get high concentrations of stem cells
Then purified and high concentration of stem cells are surgically injected in the brain of patient.
Cell signaling is part of any communication process that governs basic activities of cells and coordinates all cell actions. The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their microenvironment is the basis of development, tissue repair, and immunity, as well as normal tissue homeostasis
Both Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are diseases of the brain. Both may cause forgetfulness. However, the similarities end there. In fact, researchers believe that even the memory disorder that results from Parkinson’s is distinct from the memory disorder that Alzheimer’s causes.
One main difference between the diseases is how they affect the body:
Alzheimer’s disease primarily affects memory. In advanced stages, the disease also impairs motor functions.
Parkinson’s disease primarily affects movement and coordination. In advanced stages, it may impair memory and other cognitive functions.
Rotavirus is a contagious virus that can cause gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and intestines). Symptoms include severe watery diarrhea, often with vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. Infants and young children are most likely to get rotavirus disease.
Glaucoma is an eye disease that is often associated with elevated intraocular pressure, in which damage to the eye (optic) nerve can lead to loss of vision and even blindness. Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Endocarditis usually occurs when germs from elsewhere in the body travel through the blood and attach to damaged areas of the heart. People with damaged or artificial heart valves or other heart conditions are most at risk.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
2. What are Stem Cells?
Stem cells are “master cells “
These cells are undifferentiated
biological cells that can differentiate into
specialised cells and can divide( through
mitosis) to produce more stem cells.
Stem cells are found in multicellular
organisms.
3. ◇Stem cells possess two properties.
◇SELF-RENEWAL: The ability to grow through numerous
cell cycles of cell division while maintaining the
undifferentiated state.
◇POTENCY: The capacity to differentiate into specialised
cell types. To differentiate into specialised cells these stem
cells require to be pleuripotent,totipotent,unipotent or
multipotent
Unique properties of stem cells
4. POTENTIAL DEFINITIONS OF STEM CELLS
Totipotent :
-Stem cells can differentiate into an entire organism ,
result from fusion of egg and sperm
-These cells can form the embryonic and extra
embryonic cell types i.e, either from placenta also.
5. Pluripotent :
-These cells are the descendents of the totipotent stem
cells.
-They can differentiate into nearly all cells derived from
any of the three layers.
Multipotent:
-These cells can differentiate into a number of cell types
but only those of a closely related family of cells.
Unipotent:
-These cells can produce only one cell type.
6. TYPES OF STEM CELLS
In mammals there are two types of stem cells
Embryonic :These are derived from the inner cell mass
of a blastocyst / human embryo.
7.
8.
9.
10. Adult:
• Adult stem cells are found in various tissues.
• In adult organisms ,stem cells and progenitor cells act
as the repair system for the body replenishing adult tissues.
There are three sources of adult stem cells in the body.
1.Bone marrow, which requires extraction by harvesting
that is drilling into the bone (typically the femur or iliac
crest)
2.Adipose tissue(lipid cells),which requires extraction by
liposuction.
3.Blood,which requires extraction through apheresis
where in blood is drawn from a donor ( similar to blood
donation)
11. o Fetal : These are the primitive stem cells derived from
the organs of the foetus.
-These are of two types:
1.These cells are extracted from the tissues of foetus
generally after an abortion.
2.Extraembryonic stem cells come from the extra
embryonic membranes which are acquired after birth.
o Umbilical : These are derived from umbilical cord
blood just after birth.
o Of all stem cell types autologous harvesting involves
the least risk. The stem cells are obtained from one’s
own body.
12. When stem cells are transplanted into the body
and arrive into the injured part, brain being
targeted for tissue regeneration, the stem cells
are coming in contact with growth chemical’s (like
EGF’s , NGF’s and HGF’s )in the body. These
chemicals program the stem cells to differentiate
into the tissue surrounding it.
How stem cell therapy works
14. Haemetopoietic stem cell transplantation
◇Stem cells that give rise to the lymphocytes and other cells of
the immune system, also make blood cells, are called
hematopoietic stem cells.
◇HSC’s are characterized by the presence of CD 34 antigen
◇The process of taking stem cells from one person and putting
them into another is therefore called “ HCST”
◇To treat cancer patients with conditions such as leukemia and
lymphoma, sickle cell anemia,
◇Cord blood has a higher concentration of HSC than in adults.
◇In Restoring the hematopoietic system.
16. Stem cells in treatment of baldness
As hair follicles contain stem cells – dermal papilla
Take stem cells from existing hair follicles
Multiply them in cultures
Implant the new follicles into the scalp
17. DIABETES
Diabetes patients lose the function of
their insulin-producing beta cells of the
pancreas.
Human embryonic stem cells may be
grown in cell cultures and stimulate to
form insulin-producing cells , that can be
transplanted into the patient
18. - Result in poor vision
- Take stem cells from healthy eye
- Grown onto contact lenses in
clinical lab
- Lenses are worn by the patient for a
period of three weeks
-Then migration of human stem cells
from lens to damaged eye and begin
to repair process
-Thus heals the damaged cornea and
quickly improves the vision
CORNEAL DISEASE/BLINDNESS
19. BRAIN DAMAGE
◇Stroke and traumatic brain injury
lead to cell death, characterized by a
loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes
within the brain.
◇Healthy adult brain contain neural
stem cells, these divide and act to
maintain general stem cell numbers
or become progenitor cells. These
stem cells are injected into the brains
of stroke patients.
20. KIDNEY STEM CELLS
-Take stem cells from embryo
,bone marrow or an umbilical
cords
-Culture these stem cells with
special chemical broth that
encourages the growth of
kidney cells
-Then new kidney cells can now
be injected into a kidney to
repair damaged tissue
23. Tooth Damage:
-Take stem cells or dental pulp
from the patient.
- These are cultured in the lab
turning into a tooth bud which
when implanted into the gums will
give rise to a new tooth.
-It will fuse with the jaw bone and
release chemicals that encourages
nerves and blood vessels to
connect with it.
25. WOUND HEALING:
-The wounded tissue is more often replaced by the scar tissue
through the activity of stem cells .
26. INFERTILITY:
Culture of human embryonic stem cells in mitotically inactivated
porcine ovarian fibroblasts causes differentiation into germ cells
(precursor cells of oocytes and spermatozoa)
27. ◇Difficulty of performing transplantation and caring for
post-transplantation patients.
◇Specific factors that aid or hinder acceptance of the
particular transplant
◇Ability to obtain source material due to ethical
concerns
POTENTIAL OBSTACLES
28. ◇The critical shortage of organs available for transplantation
may be solved in the future by auto-graft techniques
◇Security : low toxicity or non toxic
ADVANTAGES
29. ◇As human embryonic stem cell are isolated from few days old
blastocyst as well as fetal tissues
◇Many prolifers believe that human life becomes a human
person at the time of fertilization
◇Others disagree : they believe that an embryo has potential
to develop into a person, but is not a person itself.
ETHICAL ISSUES