Stem cell application In CVD's

1. STEM CELL APPLICATION
IN CVDs

2. INDEX:-
1) Introduction
2) Types of stem cells
A) Embryonic stem cells(ESCs)
B) Induced pluripotent stem cells(IPSCs)
C) Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)
D) Cardiac stem cells(CSCs)

3. •INTRODUCTION:-
•Stem cells are the basic cells of our body,
which can develop and differentiate in
any types of cells.
•Stem cell treatments are a desirable
therapeutic option to regenerate
myocardium and improve Cardiac
function after Myocardial Infarction.

4. • Figure no.:-1) courtesy:-veto-cell.com

5. TYPES OF STEM CELLS:-
1) Embryonic stem cells
2) Induced pluripotent stem cells
3) Mesenchymal stem cells
4) Cardiac stem cells

6. •1) EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS(ESCs):-
• Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner
cell mass of the blastocyst during mammalian
embryonic development.
• Embryonic stem cells can give rise to all cell types
found in an organism.
• Embryonic stem cells were transplanted into
infarcted sheep heart, results demonstrated
successful engraftment & preservation of ejection
fraction.

7. Figure no.2)Courtesy: stem cells.nih.gov

8. •Limitation of ESCs:-
• There are several ethical & political issues issues
surrounding the use of embryonic stem cells as well
as a limited supply of donor human embryos.

9. •INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM
CELLS(IPSCs):-
• Induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from
human fibroblast.
• These human induced pluripotent stem cells must be
able to differentiate into functional cardiomyocytes
or cardiac progenitors.
• Injection of IPSCs into Rat myocardium resulted in
successful engraftment and differentiation into
cardiomyocytes, vascular endothelium & smooth
muscle cells along with an increase ejection fraction
& decreased fibrosis.

10. • Figure no.3) courtesy: rndsystems.com

11. •Limitation of IPSCs:-
• IPSCs possesses an embryonic like state and
therefore have a high proliferative capacity but they
also possesses a risk of Teratoma formation after
transplantation of undifferentiated cells into
infarcted heart.

12. •MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS(MSCs):-
• Mesenchymal stem cells can be found in bone
marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood &
blood placenta.
• Their immunomodulatory characteristics, which
allow them to act as universal donor cells.
• They are capable of differentiating into lineages
such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes,
myocytes and marrow stroma.

13. • This cells have a unique distribution of surface
markers that allows them to escape detection
from immune cells.
•Bone marrow:-
• MSCs derived from bone marrow injected into
mice & rat heart post MI showed successful
engraftment & differentiation into cardiomyogenic
& vascular phenotypes.
• Injection of bone marrow derived MSCs into pig
heart post MI showed an improved ejection
fraction.

14. • Figure no.:-4) courtesy:-researchers.net

15. •Adipose tissue:-
• MSCs can also be isolated from adipose tissue
specifically the stromal fraction of adipose tissue.
• Adipose tissue derived MSCs injected into rat
myocardium post MI resulted in an improved left
ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) compared to
untreated rats as well as reduced fibrosis & less
wall thinning.

16. • Figure no.:-5) courtesy:-reminds.com

17. •Limitation of MSCs:-
• This effect was no longer observed after 1 month &
there was noted immune cell infiltration and
subsequent rejection of MSC.

18. •CARDIAC STEM CELLS(CSCs):-
• Cardiac stromal cells can be isolated from adult
human auricles.
• These cells expressed cardiovascular markers more
efficiently than bone marrow MSCs.
• .After administration of cardiac stem cells to
infarcted heart, demonstrate increased
vasculogenesis & myogenesis as well as more
effective overall reparative activity.

19. • Figure no.:-6) courtesy:- hasi.harvard.edu.

20. •Overall these in vivo studies
demonstrates a positive effect of
implanted cells on cardiac function.

21. •REFERENCES:-
•.https://www.ncbi.nlm.muh.gov
•https://www.slideshare.com
•https://www.sciencedirect.com

22. •Thank you 😊