This document provides an overview of spreadsheet concepts and features. It discusses what a spreadsheet is, how to create and enter data into a spreadsheet, different types of cell references, using charts and what-if analysis, and how spreadsheets can be used on the web. The document is a presentation on spreadsheet concepts presented by Group K, which includes four group members. It covers these topics over 15 slides.

1. Information &
Communication Technology
PRESENTATION TOPIC
SPREADSHEET CONCEPTS
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2. Presented by Group K
Group Members;
1) Shahzeb
2) Shakeel Ahmed
3) Soorath
4) Sham Kumar
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3. Topics to be covered
 Spreadsheet Concepts
 What is Spreadsheet?
 Creating a Spreadsheet
 Entering Data into a Spreadsheet Cell
 Absolute vs. Relative Cell Referencing
 Charts & What-if Analysis
 Spreadsheets and the Web
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4. SPREADSHEET CONCEPTS
Spreadsheet software is commonly used by a
variety of businesses and employees, including
CEOs, managers, assistants, analysts, and sales
representatives. Basic spreadsheet concepts and
features are described next.
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5. What is Spreadsheet?
 A spreadsheet is a group of values and other data organized into rows and
columns. Most spreadsheets include formulas that are used to compute
calculations based on data entered into the spreadsheet.
 Formulas update automatically
 No manual computations are required
 Spreadsheet software typically includes a variety of data analysis tools, as
well as the ability to generate charts.
 Widely used Spreadsheet Applications:
 Microsoft Excel
 Corel Quattro Pro
 Apple Numbers
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6. Creating a Spreadsheet
 A single spreadsheet document is often called a worksheet.
Most spreadsheet programs allow multiple worksheets to be
saved together in a single spreadsheet file, called a
workbook.
 Worksheets are divided into rows and columns.
 The intersection of a row and a column is called a cell.
 Each cell is identified by its cell address, which consists of the
column letter followed by the row number, such as B4 or E22.
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8. Entering Data into a Spreadsheet
Cell
 Data is entered directly into worksheet cells by clicking a cell to make it the active
cell and then typing the data to be contained in that cell.
 The data entered into a cell is usually a label, a constant value, a formula, or a
function.
 Labels are words, column headings, and other nonmathematical data.
 Constant values are numbers without any additional characters (such as
 105 or 12740.25).
 Formula performs mathematical operations using the content of other cells
(such as adding or multiplying the values in the specified cells).
 Function is a named, preprogrammed formula, such as to compute the
average of a group of cells or to calculate a mortgage payment amount.
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9. Entering Data into a Spreadsheet Cell 9

10. Absolute vs. Relative Cell Referencing
 There are two types of cell references: relative and absolute.
Relative and absolute references behave differently when
copied and filled to other cells. Relative references change
when a formula is copied to another cell. Absolute references,
on the other hand, remain constant, no matter where they are
copied.
 By default, all cell references are relative references.
 An absolute reference is designated in a formula by the
addition of a dollar sign ($). It can precede the column
reference, the row reference, or both.
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11. Absolute vs. Relative Cell Referencing
Copying with relative cell
references
Copying with absolute cell
references
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12. Charts & What-if Analysis
 Most spreadsheet programs include some type of charting or
graphing capability.
 A chart is a graphic representation of data. Charts allow users
to see what the results of data to better understand and
predict current and future data.
 In Microsoft Excel and other spreadsheets there are two types
of charts an embedded chart and chart sheet. An embedded
chart is a chart object that can be inserted into a worksheet. A
chart sheet is a chart that is a sheet of its own.
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13. Charts & What-if Analysis
 What-If Analysis is the process of changing the values in cells
to see how those changes will affect the outcome of formulas
on the worksheet.
 Spreadsheet programs automatically recalculate all formulas
on a worksheet every time the content of a cell on the
worksheet is edited.
 For example, you want to know what profit would have
resulted for January if sales had been $15,000 instead of
$10,570. You can simply enter the new value (15000) into cell,
and the spreadsheet program automatically recalculates all
formulas, allowing you to determine the profit.
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14. Spreadsheets and the Web
Many spreadsheet programs include the option to save
the current worksheet as a Web page, and hyperlinks
can be inserted into worksheet cells. Microsoft Excel
includes the ability to send a workbook as an e-mail
message and to collaborate online; ranges of cells can
also be copied to a Web publishing or word processing
program to insert spreadsheet data into a document as
a table.
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15. Thanks………
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